Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade Gama, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Biomédica, 2017. / Submitted by Fernanda Percia França (fernandafranca@bce.unb.br) on 2017-05-11T17:09:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2017_HendersonMatsuuraSanches.pdf: 3859884 bytes, checksum: 321d23329465fde2ebd5422eaa30e5a4 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Raquel Viana (raquelviana@bce.unb.br) on 2017-05-16T21:37:03Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2017_HendersonMatsuuraSanches.pdf: 3859884 bytes, checksum: 321d23329465fde2ebd5422eaa30e5a4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-16T21:37:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2017_HendersonMatsuuraSanches.pdf: 3859884 bytes, checksum: 321d23329465fde2ebd5422eaa30e5a4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-05-16 / O objetivo desse trabalho foi a construção de um modelo ontológico da Neoplasia Mamária (NM) denominado ONTO-MAMA-NM. Esse modelo é uma ferramenta importante para auxiliar especialistas e estudantes da área da saúde no tratamento do câncer de mama. O modelo ontológico foi criado na linguagem Web Ontology Language (OWL), cuja principal vantagem é a facilidade para expressar significados e semântica e aplicabilidade no processo de informações de forma automatizada. Por se tratar de um modelo aplicado à área médica, o ONTO-MANA-NM procura manter a compatibilidade com os padrões Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) e Health Level Seven International (HL7), de modo a preservar a interoperabilidade das informações dos pacientes em ambientes hospitalares. Como resultado, obteve-se um detalhamento da ontologia desenvolvida e implementada no software Protégé 5.1 com o apoio da metodologia denominada de Methontology. Foi descrito todo o processo de desenvolvimento, desde a coleta de dados até a validação final do modelo junto aos especialistas. Sendo assim, foi avaliado em duas etapas, isto é, primeiramente pelos especialistas: fisioterapeutas, médicos, residentes e alunos da fisioterapia e medicina do HUB. Ao final do processo da validação do ONTO-MAMANM, informaram que desconheciam a ontologia e não tinham visto nada semelhante referente ao tratamento da NM, obtendo assim o primeiro modelo ontológico do tratamento da NM. / The aim of this work was the development of a Mammary Neoplasia (NM) ontological model called ONTOMAMA- NM. This model is a relevant tool to assist experts and students of the health area in the treatment of breast cancer. The ontological model was implemented in the Web Ontology Language (OWL) language, whose main advantage is the facility to express meanings, semantics and applicability in the information process in an automated way. As a model applied to the medical field, ONTO-MANA-NM seeks to maintain compatibility with the Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) and Health Level Seven International (HL7) standards, in order to preserve the interoperability of patients information in hospital environments. As a result, it was developed a detailed ontology and implemented in Protégé 5.1 software with the support of the methodology called as Methontology. The final development process was described since the data collection until the final validation of the model with the experts. Thus, it was evaluated in two stages, that is, firstly by the specialists: physiotherapists, physicians, residents and students of physiotherapy and HUB medicine. At the end of the ONTO-MAMA-NM validation process, they reported that they did not know about the ontology and had not seen anything similar regarding NM treatment, thus obtaining the first ontological model of NM treatment.

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Departamento de Ciência da Computação, Programa de Pós-Graducação em Informática, 2016. / Submitted by Fernanda Percia França (fernandafranca@bce.unb.br) on 2016-08-15T19:28:04Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_LaécioLimadosSantos.pdf: 8101789 bytes, checksum: cfa3494dd6c9cb6bcef19bad2ae8150d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Raquel Viana(raquelviana@bce.unb.br) on 2016-10-11T21:17:42Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_LaécioLimadosSantos.pdf: 8101789 bytes, checksum: cfa3494dd6c9cb6bcef19bad2ae8150d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-11T21:17:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_LaécioLimadosSantos.pdf: 8101789 bytes, checksum: cfa3494dd6c9cb6bcef19bad2ae8150d (MD5) / A Web Semântica (WS) adiciona informações semânticas a Web tradicional, permitindo que os computadores entendam conteúdos antes acessíveis apenas aos humanos. A Ontology Web Language (OWL), linguagem padrão para criação de ontologias na WS, se baseia em lógica descritiva para permitir uma modelagem formal de um domínio de conhecimento. A OWL, no entanto, não possui suporte para tratamento de incerteza, presente em diversas situações, o que motivou o estudo de várias alternativas para tratar este problema. O Probabilistic OWL (PR-OWL) adiciona suporte à incerteza ao OWL utilizando Multi-Entity Bayesian Networks (MEBN), uma linguagem probabilística de primeira ordem. A inferência no MEBN ocorre através da geração de uma rede bayesiana específica de situação (SSBN). O PR-OWL 2 estende a linguagem original oferecendo uma maior integração com o OWL e permitindo a construção de ontologias que mesclam conhecimento determinístico e probabilístico. PR-OWL não permite lidar com domínios que contenham bases assertivas muito grandes. Isto se deve a alta complexidade computacional da lógica descritiva na qual a OWL é baseada e ao fato de que as máquinas de inferência utilizadas nas implementações das versões do PR-OWL requerem que a base assertiva esteja carregada em memória. O presente trabalho propõe o PR-OWL 2 RL, uma versão escalável do PR-OWL baseada no profile OWL 2 RL e em triplestores. O OWL 2 RL permite raciocínio em tempo polinomial para as principais tarefas de inferência. Triplestores permitem armazenar triplas RDF (Resource Description Framework) em bancos de dados otimizados para trabalhar com grafos. Para permitir a geração de SSBN para bases contendo muitas evidências, este trabalho propõe um novo algoritmo, escalável ao instanciar nós de evidência apenas caso eles influenciem o nó objetivo. O plug-in PR-OWL 2 RL para o framework UnBBayes foi desenvolvido para permitir uma avaliação experimental dos algoritmos propostos. O estudo de caso abordado foi o de fraudes em licitações públicas. _______________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT / Semantic Web (SW) adds semantic information to the traditional Web, allowing computers to understand content before accessible only by human beings. The Web Ontology Language (OWL), main language for building ontologies in SW, allows a formal modeling of a knowledge domain based on description logics. OWL, however, does not support uncertainty. This restriction motivated the creation of several extensions of this language. Probabilistic OWL (PROWL) improves OWL with the ability to treat uncertainty using Multi-Entity Bayesian Networks (MEBN). MEBN is a first-order probabilistic logic. Its inference consists of generating a Situation Specific Bayesian Network (SSBN). PR-OWL 2 extends the PR-OWL offering a better integration with OWL and its underlying logic, allowing the creation of ontologies with deterministic and probabilistic parts. PR-OWL, however, does not deal with very large assertive bases. This is due to the high computational complexity of the description logic of OWL. Another fact is that reasoners used in PR-OWL implementation require that the data be fully load into memory at the time of inference. To address this issue, this work proposes PR-OWL 2 RL, a scalable version of PR-OWL based on OWL 2 RL profile and on triplestores. OWL 2 RL allows reasoning in polynomial time for the main reasoning tasks. Triplestores can store RDF (Resource Description Framework) triples in databases optimized to work with graphs. To allow the generation of SSBNs for databases with large evidence base, this work proposes a new algorithm that is scalable because it instantiates an evidence node only if it influence a target node. A plug-in for the UnBBayes framework was developed to allow an empirical evaluation of the new algorithms proposed. A case study over frauds into procurements was carried on.

In this thesis, an ontology for the mineral exploration domain is designed and developed applying the Protégé ontology editor. The MinExOnt ontology includes a formal and explicit representation of the terms describing real objects, activities, and processes in mineral exploration. The stages used for these activities have various vocabularies, which are semantically modeled in this ontology with Web Ontology Language (OWL). The aim of the thesis is to show how ontologies can be designed and developed to help manage and represent geological knowledge. In addition to providing a general workflow for building the ontology, this thesis presents a simple user guide for the used software, including Protégé, used for ontology development, and Knoodl-OntVis, used for OWL visualization.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T16:58:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marco Aurelio Kalinke.pdf: 4214510 bytes, checksum: 33a074afe0e549dc420a3f933afac2ce (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-09-10 / The core goal of this research is to verify the language usually applied in web ambients, to the detriment of the mathematical symbolic language, can interfere in the mathematical problems interpretation formulated with the use of the Web language. For answering this question we realized a quality research mixed with quantity aspects that can contribute to understand the phenomena s involved. For developing this work we searched theoretical basement in Levy s works, that deal with the technologies evolution and in Kenski, when his works refer to the relation between technologies and education. Borba and Tikhomirov give us support between the relations of cognition and learning when the new technologies are being used. Cybis, Gamez and Ramos give us the basement for the ergonomics analysis and AVA legibly. Salmazo, Hoelzel and Nielsen are presents in aspects related to communication. Others authors have permeated the discussion in a sharp way for the comprehension of specific situations. The analisys of the data researched permitted us to conclude that the language usually used in web ambients, conjugated in a media that it is inserts, can bring problems of interpretation and comprehension from the statement of the problems. We realized that difficulties are more evident when it´s used the computer medium than the paper medium. We concluded that the paper medium can facilitate the solution of mathematical problems, if compared to the computer medium, that subjects manage to interpret in a correct way the statements proposed to the language usually used in web ambients , they manage to use the computer to solve problems that use mathematical symbology as long as they have access to necessary resources and the union between the computer medium to the language usually used in web ambients presented difficulties to the subjects participants in the survey. For remedying or minimize these problems we suggest that have an improvement in the communication between the user and the text presented to it. For complying this suggestion the texts used in AVAs must be elaborated carefully to be scannable according to Nielsen conception. The use of these resources when the text is being written it´s not the guarantee of the elimination from the problems observed, but can open a new perspective of the analysis for these problems, since that new forms and characteristics of writing arise new necessities of behaving analysis from the subjects front the problems presented that are formulated with basis in these new possibilities / Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo central verificar de que forma o emprego da linguagem usualmente aplicada em ambientes web, em detrimento da linguagem simbólico-matemática, pode interferir na interpretação de problemas matemáticos formulados com o uso da linguagem web . Para responder a essa questão, realizamos uma pesquisa qualitativa mesclada com aspectos quantitativos que podem contribuir para o entendimento dos fenômenos envolvidos. Para desenvolver o trabalho, buscamos embasamento teórico na obra de Levy, no que trata da evolução das tecnologias, e em Kenski, no que diz respeito à relação entre tecnologias e educação. Borba e Tikhomirov nos dão suporte nas relações entre cognição e aprendizagem quando em uso de novas tecnologias. Cybis, Gamez e Ramos nos dão o embasamento para a análise da ergonomia e legibilidade dos AVA. Salmazo, Hoelzel e Nielsen estão presentes nos aspectos relativos à comunicação. Outros autores permeiam a discussão de forma pontual para a compreensão de situações específicas. A análise dos dados levantados nos permitiu concluir que a linguagem usualmente utilizada em ambientes web, conjugada à mídia em que ela se insere, pode trazer problemas de interpretação e compreensão dos enunciados dos problemas. Percebemos que as dificuldades são mais evidentes quando usada a mídia computador, em relação à mídia papel. Concluímos que o papel pode ser um facilitador para a resolução de problemas matemáticos, se comparado ao computador; que os sujeitos conseguem interpretar de forma correta os enunciados propostos em linguagem usualmente utilizada em ambientes web, também conseguem utilizar o computador para resolver problemas que utilizam a simbologia matemática, desde que tenham acesso aos recursos necessários e que a junção da mídia computador com a linguagem usualmente utilizada em ambientes web apresentou dificuldades aos sujeitos participantes da pesquisa. Para sanar ou minimizar esses problemas, sugerimos que haja uma melhora na comunicação entre o usuário e o texto a ele apresentado. Para atender a essa sugestão, os textos utilizados em AVA devem ser elaborados com cuidado para que sejam scannable, segundo a concepção de Nielsen. O uso desses recursos na escrita do texto não garante a eliminação dos problemas observados, mas pode abrir uma nova perspectiva de análise para esses problemas, uma vez que, com novas formas e características de escrita, surgem novas necessidades de análise do comportamento dos sujeitos em relação a problemas formulados com base nessas novas possibilidades

Les trois piliers d’un système de reconnaissance automatique de la parole sont le lexique,le modèle de langage et le modèle acoustique. Le lexique fournit l’ensemble des mots qu’il est possible de transcrire, associés à leur prononciation. Le modèle acoustique donne une indication sur la manière dont sont réalisés les unités acoustiques et le modèle de langage apporte la connaissance de la manière dont les mots s’enchaînent.Dans les systèmes de reconnaissance automatique de la parole markoviens, les modèles acoustiques et linguistiques sont de nature statistique. Leur estimation nécessite de gros volumes de données sélectionnées, normalisées et annotées.A l’heure actuelle, les données disponibles sur le Web constituent de loin le plus gros corpus textuel disponible pour les langues française et anglaise. Ces données peuvent potentiellement servir à la construction du lexique et à l’estimation et l’adaptation du modèle de langage. Le travail présenté ici consiste à proposer de nouvelles approches permettant de tirer parti de cette ressource.Ce document est organisé en deux parties. La première traite de l’utilisation des données présentes sur le Web pour mettre à jour dynamiquement le lexique du moteur de reconnaissance automatique de la parole. L’approche proposée consiste à augmenter dynamiquement et localement le lexique du moteur de reconnaissance automatique de la parole lorsque des mots inconnus apparaissent dans le flux de parole. Les nouveaux mots sont extraits du Web grâce à la formulation automatique de requêtes soumises à un moteur de recherche. La phonétisation de ces mots est obtenue grâce à un phonétiseur automatique.La seconde partie présente une nouvelle manière de considérer l’information que représente le Web et des éléments de la théorie des possibilités sont utilisés pour la modéliser. Un modèle de langage possibiliste est alors proposé. Il fournit une estimation de la possibilité d’une séquence de mots à partir de connaissances relatives à ’existence de séquences de mots sur le Web. Un modèle probabiliste Web reposant sur le compte de documents fourni par un moteur de recherche Web est également présenté. Plusieurs approches permettant de combiner ces modèles avec des modèles probabilistes classiques estimés sur corpus sont proposées. Les résultats montrent que combiner les modèles probabilistes et possibilistes donne de meilleurs résultats que es modèles probabilistes classiques. De plus, les modèles estimés à partir des données Web donnent de meilleurs résultats que ceux estimés sur corpus. / The three pillars of an automatic speech recognition system are the lexicon, the languagemodel and the acoustic model. The lexicon provides all the words that can betranscribed, associated with their pronunciation. The acoustic model provides an indicationof how the phone units are pronounced, and the language model brings theknowledge of how words are linked. In modern automatic speech recognition systems,the acoustic and language models are statistical. Their estimation requires large volumesof data selected, standardized and annotated.At present, the Web is by far the largest textual corpus available for English andFrench languages. The data it holds can potentially be used to build the vocabularyand the estimation and adaptation of language model. The work presented here is topropose new approaches to take advantage of this resource in the context of languagemodeling.The document is organized into two parts. The first deals with the use of the Webdata to dynamically update the lexicon of the automatic speech recognition system.The proposed approach consists on increasing dynamically and locally the lexicon onlywhen unknown words appear in the speech. New words are extracted from the Webthrough the formulation of queries submitted toWeb search engines. The phonetizationof the words is obtained by an automatic grapheme-to-phoneme transcriber.The second part of the document presents a new way of handling the informationcontained on the Web by relying on possibility theory concepts. A Web-based possibilisticlanguage model is proposed. It provides an estition of the possibility of a wordsequence from knowledge of the existence of its sub-sequences on the Web. A probabilisticWeb-based language model is also proposed. It relies on Web document countsto estimate n-gram probabilities. Several approaches for combining these models withclassical models are proposed. The results show that combining probabilistic and possibilisticmodels gives better results than classical probabilistic models alone. In addition,the models estimated from Web data perform better than those estimated on corpus.

M. Tech. (Department of Information & Communication Technology, Faculty of Applied and Computer Sciences), Vaal University of Technology. / Many studies have evaluated and compared the existing open-sources Semantic Web platforms for ontologies development. However, none of these studies have included the dot NET-based semantic web platforms in the empirical investigations. This study conducted a comparative analysis of open-source and dot NET-based semantic web platforms for ontologies development. Two popular dot NET-based semantic web platforms, namely, SemWeb.NET and dotNetRDF were analyzed and compared against open-source environments including Jena Application Programming Interface (API), Protégé and RDF4J also known as Sesame Software Development Kit (SDK). Various metrics such as storage mode, query support, consistency checking, interoperability with other tools, and many more were used to compare two categories of platforms. Five ontologies of different sizes are used in the experiments. The experimental results showed that the open-source platforms provide more facilities for creating, storing and processing ontologies compared to the dot NET-based tools. Furthermore, the experiments revealed that Protégé and RDF4J open-source and dotNetRDF platforms provide both graphical user interface (GUI) and command line interface for ontologies processing, whereas, Jena open-source and SemWeb.NET are command line platforms. Moreover, the results showed that the open-source platforms are capable of processing multiple ontologies’ files formats including Resource Description Framework (RDF) and Ontology Web Language (OWL) formats, whereas, the dot NET-based tools only process RDF ontologies. Finally, the experiment results indicate that the dot NET-based platforms have limited memory size as they failed to load and query large ontologies compared to open-source environments.