abstract: Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) has been broadly used in various fields to model spatially non-stationary relationships. Classic GWR is considered as a single-scale model that is based on one bandwidth parameter which controls the amount of distance-decay in weighting neighboring data around each location. The single bandwidth in GWR assumes that processes (relationships between the response variable and the predictor variables) all operate at the same scale. However, this posits a limitation in modeling potentially multi-scale processes which are more often seen in the real world. For example, the measured ambient temperature of a location is affected by the built environment, regional weather and global warming, all of which operate at different scales. A recent advancement to GWR termed Multiscale GWR (MGWR) removes the single bandwidth assumption and allows the bandwidths for each covariate to vary. This results in each parameter surface being allowed to have a different degree of spatial variation, reflecting variation across covariate-specific processes. In this way, MGWR has the capability to differentiate local, regional and global processes by using varying bandwidths for covariates. Additionally, bandwidths in MGWR become explicit indicators of the scale at various processes operate. The proposed dissertation covers three perspectives centering on MGWR: Computation; Inference; and Application. The first component focuses on addressing computational issues in MGWR to allow MGWR models to be calibrated more efficiently and to be applied on large datasets. The second component aims to statistically differentiate the spatial scales at which different processes operate by quantifying the uncertainty associated with each bandwidth obtained from MGWR. In the third component, an empirical study will be conducted to model the changing relationships between county-level socio-economic factors and voter preferences in the 2008-2016 United States presidential elections using MGWR. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Geography 2020

This thesis studies effective resistances of finite and infinite weighted graphs. Classical results state that it is a metric on the set of vertices of the graph and that it can be expressed completely in terms of the graph’s random walk. The first goal of this thesis is to provide a concise and accessible starting point for new scholars interested in the topic. In that spirit, we reproduce existing results and review different approaches to effective resistances using tools from several fields such as linear algebra, probability theory, geometry and functional analysis. The second goal is to characterize which metric spaces are given by the effective resistance of a graph. For the finite case, we begin by reconstructing the associated graph from the effective resistance. This leads to a complete algebraic characterization in terms of triangle inequality defects. A more geometric condition is given by showing that a metric space can only be an effective resistance if its minimal graph realization contains no incomplete cycles. We also show that our algebraic characterization can be applied to the more general theory of resistance forms as defined by Kigami. The third goal of this thesis is to investigate probabilistic representations of effective resistances. Building on the work of Tetali and Barlow, we characterize under which conditions known representations for finite graphs can be extended to infinite graphs.

Den industriella digitaliseringen utvecklas med hög fart. Många verksamheter tar steget mot ett mer digitaliserat arbetssätt. Digitala förbättringstavlor är ett av flera nya digitaliseringsverktyg som verksamheter och organisationer kan använda sig av för att skapa högre delaktighet och engagemang hos medarbetarna. Det finns många fördelar att gå ifrån den analoga förbättringstavlan till den digitala. Några av dessa är att digitala förbättringstavlor ger bättre styrning, vilket leder till att det går snabbt att ta fram information och dela med medarbetarna. Tavlan visualiserar dagordningen samt skapar en informationsplats för att samla viktig information som kan vara användbar för medarbetarna. Digitala förbättringstavlor kan presentera information beroende på vad verksamheten vill förmedla, till exempel information om nyckeltal till medarbetarna.  Syftet med denna fallstudie är att bredda kunskapen om digitala förbättringstavlor samt ta fram beslutsunderlag för en kommande implementering. Med hjälp av intervjuer samt mailkonversationer med fallföretaget och leverantörer har det empiriska materialet samlats in. Studien besvarar följande frågeställningar: -       Vad ska en digital förbättringstavla innehålla? -       Vilka beslutsunderlag behövs för införandet av digitala förbättringstavlor? -       Varför behöver medarbetare information om nyckeltal? Målet med fallstudien är att jämföra leverantörer med hjälp av en kravspecifikation för att kunna skapa ett beslutsunderlag. Författarna vill även att andra verksamheter skall kunna använda de beslutsunderlag som skapats. Författarna kontaktade fyra leverantörer som kunde leverera en digital förbättringstavla, dessa leverantörer jämfördes med hjälp av kravspecifikation samt ett egenutvecklat verktyg för beslutsstöd. Utifrån dessa jämförelser kom författarna fram till en rekommendation för val av leverantör. / Industrial digitalisation is developing rapidly, more companies are willing to take the step towards a more digitised way of working. Digital improvement boards is one of several new digital tools that companies and organisations can make use of. Therefore, they would create a higher commitment and motivation for the co- workers. There are several benefits to change from analog boards to digital boards, some of these benefits are following, improved management, visualisation of today's schedule and the board creates a information center where important information can be presented. The digital improvement board can be customized to present what the company wants, for example informing their co-workers about how their KPI’s are performing. The purpose of this case study is to acquire more knowledge about digital improvement boards and also create a decision basis for an implementation. Interviews and mail conversations with the case company and suppliers have helped the authors gather the empirical data needed. This study answers the following questions:    -       What should a digital improvement board contain? -       Which decision basis is needed for the implementation of a digital improvement board? -       Why are KPI’s important for the co-workers? The goal with this study is to compare several suppliers, with the help of a requirement specification. The authors also want other businesses to be able to use the decision basis as a template. The authors contacted four suppliers who were able to deliver a digital improvement board, these suppliers were then compared with each other with help of a requirement specification and a Multi Criteria Decision Making tool. Based on the result of the MCDM tool, the authors came to a conclusion of which supplier they would recommend.

This diploma thesis deals with the determination of the value of company Reda a.s. to 31.12.2019, by using income-based method. The first part of thesis defines the theoretical assumptions and procedure for determining the value of company. The analytical part contains a strategic analysis, financial analysis, prognosis of value generators and the compilation of a financial plan. At the end of the diploma thesis, the value of the company is determined using the discounted cash flow method.

2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene, TNT, is an explosive used in munitions production that is known to cause both aplastic and hemolytic anemia in exposed workers. Deaths have been reported secondary to both varieties of anemia. Studies have shown that TNT systemic absorption is significant by both the respiratory and dermal routes. A literature review revealed that the most recent review article on TNT exposure arguing for a TWA drop from the PEL to the TLV was in 1977 -- this article cited anemia issues in addition to other untoward effects of TNT. No studies encountered looked at hemoglobin change or anemia cases in respiratory protected workers, this present effort may be the first. TNT PEL (1.5mg/m^3), REL (0.5mg/m^3), and TLV (0.1 mg/m^3) 8 hr TWAs all with skin notations (based on animal models and TNT urine metabolite extrapolation in TNT workers suggesting important role of skin absorption). The earliest effects of systemic TNT poisoning involve hgb and hematocrit drop. The investigator hypothesized that respiratory protection alone is insufficient to protect TNT workers from the risk of anemia development and hemoglobin concentration drop. A retrospective observational study design was incorporated utilizing a records review of TNT vapor air concentration values and worker Hgb values for 8 sets of workers in respiratory protection at a demilitarization operation from October 2006 to April 2007 in order to observe whether or not respiratory protection provided adequate protection against anemia development and hemoglobin change; and to help characterize the probable role of TNT skin absorption on hemoglobin change and anemia risk. Worker baseline hgbs were compared with their exposure hgbs for statistically significant hgb concentration changes (two-tailed paired t-tests), and anemia cases were recorded. Mean hgb changes within each of the 8 groups of workers were then regressed on mean TNT air concentrations (10 hr TWAs) using air sampling levels that were performed closest in time to exposure hgbs. Statistically significant hgb concentration drops and anemia cases were apparent at values about the REL and PEL in respiratory protected workers. There were no anemia cases or statistically significant hgb drops at values about the TLV, however. For mean TNT air concentrations from 0.12/m 3 to 0.31/m 3 there was strong positive linear association with regard to magnitude of hgb change (r=0.996). The results appear to confirm the necessity of the skin notation for TNT. However, the TLV seems to be protective against the possibility of anemia risk principally by the dermal route in workers who are respiratory protected. A question does still remain, however, as to anemia risk in workers who are below the TLV who may not be using respiratory protection. The absence of a continued linear association between mean TNT air concentrations and mean hgb change above the 0.31 mg/m 3 TNT level most likely reflects a marrow response, as the TNT levels evident in the study are reported to be mainly associated with extravascular hemolysis with a minimal, or non-existent, aplastic component assumed. This study adds evidence to the argument that the TLV should be adopted as the new PEL.

Objective: Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis/ chronic non-bacterial osteomyelitis (CRMO/CNO) is a rare auto-inflammatory disease and typically manifests in terms of musculoskeletal pain. Because of a high frequency of musculoskeletal disorders in children/ adolescents, it can be quite challenging to distinguish CRMO/ CNO from nonspecific musculosketetal pain or from malignancies. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the visibility of CRMO lesions in a whole-body diffusion-weighted imaging (WB-DWI) technique and its potential clinical value to better characterize MR-visible lesions. Materials and methods: Whole-body imaging at 3T was performed in 16 patients (average: 13 years) with confirmed CRMO. The protocol included 2D Short Tau Inversion Recovery (STIR) imaging in coronal and axial orientation as well as diffusion-weighted imaging in axial orientation. Visibility of lesions in DWI and STIR was evaluated by two readers in consensus. The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) was measured for every lesion and corresponding reference locations. Results: A total of 33 lesions (on average 2 per patient) visible in STIR and DWI images (b = 800 s/mm2 and ADC maps) were included, predominantly located in the long bones. With a mean value of 1283 mm2/s in lesions, the ADC was significantly higher than in corresponding reference regions (782 mm2/s). By calculating the ratio (lesion to reference), 82% of all lesions showed a relative signal increase of 10% or higher and 76% (25 lesions) showed a signal increase of more than 15%. The median relative signal increase was 69%. Conclusion: This study shows that WB-DWI can be reliably performed in children at 3T and predominantly, the ADC values were substantially elevated in CRMO lesions. WB-DWI in conjunction with clinical data is seen as a promising technique to distinguish benign inflammatory processes (in terms of increased ADC values) from particular malignancies.

Der Inhalt dieser Arbeit sind jedoch nicht Quantencomputer im Allgemeinen, sondern hauptsächlich Quantenautomaten. Dies führt zu den Begriffen der „endlichen Quantenautomaten“ und der „quantenregulären“ oder „quantenerkennbaren Sprachen“, die Hauptgegenstand der vorliegenden Arbeit sind.

We establish multiresolution norm equivalences in weighted spaces <i>L²_w</i>((0,1)) with possibly singular weight functions <i>w(x)</i>&ge;0 in (0,1). Our analysis exploits the locality of the biorthogonal wavelet basis and its dual basis functions. The discrete norms are sums of wavelet coefficients which are weighted with respect to the collocated weight function <i>w(x)</i> within each scale. Since norm equivalences for Sobolev norms are by now well-known, our result can also be applied to weighted Sobolev norms. We apply our theory to the problem of preconditioning <i>p</i>-Version FEM and wavelet discretizations of degenerate elliptic problems.

Title: Integral and Supremal Operators on Weighted Function Spaces Author: Martin Křepela Department: Department of Mathematical Analysis Supervisor: prof. RNDr. Luboš Pick, CSc., DSc., Department of Mathematical Analysis Abstract: The common topic of this thesis is boundedness of integral and supre- mal operators between function spaces with weights. The results of this work have the form of characterizations of validity of weighted operator inequalities for appropriate cones of functions. The outcome can be divided into three cate- gories according to the particular type of studied operators and function spaces. The first part involves a convolution operator acting on general weighted Lorentz spaces of types Λ, Γ and S defined in terms of the nonincreasing rear- rangement, Hardy-Littlewood maximal function and the difference of these two, respectively. It is characterized when a convolution-type operator with a fixed kernel is bounded between the aforementioned function spaces. Furthermore, weighted Young-type convolution inequalities are obtained and a certain optima- lity property of involved rearrangement-invariant domain spaces is proved. The additional provided information includes a comparison of the results to the pre- viously known ones and an overview of basic properties of some new function spaces...

IKEA Industry has factories in several locations where one location is in Hultsfred, Småland. IKEA Industry Hultsfred produces IKEA:s wardrobe collection PAX. In 2018, 2.8 million wardrobes were manufactured in Hultsfred. This thesis covers the subject of constructing and developing an optimization model which has the same characteristics as the plinth production at IKEA Industry Hultsfred. This means that the optimization model must consider production sequence; the setup time is different depending on which products that have been produced in the machine earlier. The thesis also covers to investigate how much time that is necessary to produce the plinths to Hultsfred, Portugal, and Germany under different circumstances. This thesis also balances inventory levels and setup time. I.e., how the inventory levels are changed if more emphasis is put into minimizing setup time, and the other way around. The results show that lower inventory levels and setup times are achievable over seven days if the production planning technique is changed.