Há uma percepção de que as vibrações geradas pelo equipamento na área da preparação de madeira de uma instalação industrial são crescentes desde o início da operação. Devido ao fato de que as vibrações podem afetar tanto o corpo humano e edifícios estas começaram a se tornar uma preocupação para os trabalhadores expostos. Uma revisão das principais regras e procedimentos para avaliar a vibração aos quais está exposto o corpo humano e avaliar se isso afeta o seu conforto ou afetar a sua saúde é feita neste trabalho. Através deste estudo busca-se terminar o grau de exposição existente, para a qual seguem-se os procedimentos da ISO 2631 e BS 6472, 2008. Uma vez que estes valores são medidos, o grau de exposição dos trabalhadores é determinado de acordo com as regras existentes, verificando se há um risco para a saúde e se são necessárias ações para reduzir o nível de vibração recebido por eles. No Uruguai não existe uma norma afirmando os limites de vibração aceitáveis e assim os limites da Directiva 2002/44 /EC, ISO 2631, 1997, e BS 6472, 2008, serão tomadas neste estudo. Os valores de aceleração rms obtidos nas medições encontram-se num intervalo entre 0,028 m/s² e 0,9213 m/s², sendo a maioria delas muito inferiores aos propostos pelas normas anteriores para os valores limites de que venham afetar o conforto ou saúde das pessoas. No entanto, dependendo do tempo de exposição, alguns dos locais apresentam níveis de vibração que são considerados problemáticos. / There is a perception that vibrations generated by machines in a wood preparation facility are have been growing since the start of operations. Because vibration may affect not only the human body but also surroundings buildings, this became an issue and concern to the workers in the facility that are exposed of such vibrations. A review of the existing main standards and procedures to evaluate human vibration exposure is performed and conclude if this affects health and comfort on the human body in some workplaces at the facility. Through this experimental study the existing exposure magnitude is determined following ISO 2631, 1997, and BS 6472, 2008, standard procedure specifications. Once the surveyed values are measured, following the existing standards this allows to determine the degree of exposure of workers, if there is health risk and if actions are necessary to mitigate the levels. In Uruguay there is no standard indicating the threshold values for vibration exposure. Therefore, this will be the reason of the present study using Directive 2002/44/EC, ISO 2631, 1997, y BS 6472, 2008, threshold limit values. The rms acceleration values obtained in the measurements were in a range between 0.028 m/s² and 0.9213 m/s², most of them being well below the values proposed by the standards mentioned for the limits of affectation to the comfort or health of people. However, depending on the exposure time, some of the sites present vibration levels considered uncomfortable. / Existe la percepción de que las vibraciones generadas por los equipos en el área de Preparación de Madera de una planta industrial han ido creciendo desde el arranque de las operaciones. Debido al hecho de que las vibraciones pueden afectar tanto al cuerpo humano como a los edificios ha comenzado a ser un motivo de preocupación para los trabajadores expuestos. Se realiza una revisión de las principales normas y procedimientos existentes para evaluar la vibración a la que se exponen dichos trabajadores en determinados puestos de trabajo de la planta industrial y determinar si esta afecta su comodidad o afecta su salud. Mediante este estudio experimental se busca determinar el grado de exposición existente, por lo que se siguen los procedimientos de la Norma ISO 2631, 1997, y BS 6472, 2008. Una vez relevados estos valores, se determina siguiendo las normas existentes, el grado de exposición de los trabajadores, si existe riesgo para la salud y si son necesarias acciones para disminuir el nivel de vibración recibido por los mismos. En Uruguay no existe una norma que indique valores límite de exposición por lo que se utilizan en el presente estudio los límites de la Directiva 2002/44/EC, ISO 2631, 1997, y BS 6472, 2008. Los valores de aceleración rms obtenidos en las mediciones se encontraron en un rango entre 0,028 m/s² y 0,9213 m/s², estando la mayoría de ellos muy por debajo de los valores propuestos por las normas mencionadas para los límites de afectación a la comodidad o la salud de las personas. Sin embargo, dependiendo del tiempo de exposición, algunos de los sitios presentan niveles de vibración considerados incómodos.

Musculoskeletal disorders are common among professional driver groups. Ergonomic risk factors at work are often suggested as causative, aggravating or preserving. The general aim with this thesis is to investigate the association between musculoskeletal disorders and physical exposure with special with special focus on whole-body vibration (WBV), among professional drivers of all-terrain vehicles (ATVs). Drivers of ATVs are expsosed to high magnitudes of WBV and shock. This thesis included drivers of forest machines, snowgroomers and snowmobiles. A cross-sectional study revealed that ATV drivers had an increased risk of musculoskeletal symptoms in the neck-shoulder and thoracic regions, even after adjusting for age, smoking habits and psychosocial stress. Prevalence rates were in the range of 1.5-2.9 (CI:1.2-5.2) compared to an age-matched group from the general population. No group of ATV drivers had a significantly increased risk of low back pain. Trend analysis showed no association between symptoms and exposure time. A clinical investigation of a subgroup found that it was for ATV drivers with neck pain to have assymetrical and focal neuropathies, pure or in mix with a nociceptive disorder, in the neck and upper extremities (47-79%), which was in contrast to referents with neck pain who had more nociceptive disorders (27% prevalence of neuropathy). Two studies measured characteristics of seated WBV exposure in forest machines (forwarders), snowgroomers and snowmobiles. The magnitudes of WBV in ATVs, measured and analyzed according to ISO 2631-1, were between 0.5-3.5 m/s2 (frequency weighted vector sum), which was considered high compared to limits suggested by the international standard ISO 2631-1 and the physical agent directive from the Euoropean Union (0.5 m/s2, rms). Drivers of ATVs were exposed to horizontally directed WBV and shocks. Non-neutral neck postures are ergonomic risk factors that occured infrequently and with short duration. The magnitude of seated WBV in forwarder vehicles varied substantiálly depending on model, terrain condition and driver. This may result in different conclusions regarding health risk assessments. The main conclusion from this thesis is that musculoskeletal symptoms and disorders in the neck and upper extremities, among drivers of ATVs, may be a result of long-time exposure to shock-type and horisozontally oriented seated WBV.

No description available.

Na Folha de Rosto da obra, consta o t?tulo: "Efeitos do treinamento de vibra??o de corpo inteiro na funcionalidade, for?a muscular, qualidade de vida e concentra??es plasm?ticas de marcadores inflamat?rios-oxidativos de pacientes com doen?a pulmonar obstrutiva cr?nica". / Submitted by Jos? Henrique Henrique (jose.neves@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2018-09-26T17:48:49Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) camila_danielle_cunha_neves.pdf: 2344806 bytes, checksum: 77c976c7c337e030f1b4c85cc1aa033e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2018-10-01T18:27:36Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) camila_danielle_cunha_neves.pdf: 2344806 bytes, checksum: 77c976c7c337e030f1b4c85cc1aa033e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-01T18:27:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) camila_danielle_cunha_neves.pdf: 2344806 bytes, checksum: 77c976c7c337e030f1b4c85cc1aa033e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018 / O treinamento de vibra??o de corpo inteiro (VCI) tem sido identificado com uma interven??o alternativa para a melhora da capacidade de exerc?cio e qualidade de vida de pacientes com Doen?a Pulmonar Obstrutiva Cr?nica (DPOC). Entretanto, o efeito do treinamento de VCI nas concentra??es de biomarcadores inflamat?rios-oxidativos permanece desconhecido. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos do treinamento de VCI em par?metros inflamat?rios-oxidativos, na funcionalidade e na qualidade de vida de pacientes com DPOC. Vinte pacientes com DPOC foram igualmente divididos em: 1) grupo interven??o (GI), que realizou o treinamento de VCI; e, 2) grupo controle (GC) que n?o recebeu a interven??o. A interven??o consistiu da realiza??o de agachamento est?tico sobre uma plataforma vibrat?ria, em seis s?ries de 30 segundos, tr?s vezes semanais, durante 12 semanas. Os pacientes foram avaliados quanto ? (as): concentra??es plasm?ticas de IL-6, IL-8, IFN-? e receptores sol?veis de TNF-?; contagem de leuc?citos; concentra??es plasm?ticas de marcadores oxidantes e antioxidantes; dist?ncia caminhada no teste de caminhada de seis minutos (TC6?); consumo pico de oxig?nio (VO2 pico) durante o TC6?; for?a de preens?o manual; qualidade de vida (question?rio Saint George?s); teste de sentar e levantar da cadeira 5 vezes e teste timed get-up and go (TUG). Os dados foram analisados pelo teste-t independente (linha de base) e Anova two-way para medidas repetidas (efeitos do treinamento). Considerou-se significativo p< 0,05. Ap?s o treinamento de VCI, pacientes do GI aumentaram significativamente a dist?ncia caminhada (65 m) no TC6?, o VO2 pico e a for?a de preens?o manual (p< 0,05). Al?m disso, pacientes do GI alcan?aram a diferen?a m?nima clinicamente importante em rela??o ? qualidade de vida. N?o foram observadas diferen?as significativas no teste de sentar e levantar da cadeira, TUG, nas concentra??es dos biomarcadores inflamat?rios-oxidativos e na contagem de leuc?citos no GI (p> 0,05). Pacientes do GC n?o apresentaram melhora estatisticamente significante para todas as avalia??es (p> 0,05). Em conjunto, os resultados deste estudo demonstraram que o treinamento de VCI induziu benef?cios clinicamente significantes com rela??o ? capacidade de exerc?cio, a for?a muscular e a qualidade de vida de pacientes com DPOC, que n?o foram relacionados com mudan?as nas concentra??es sist?micas dos biomarcadores inflamat?rios-oxidativos analisados. / Tese (Doutorado) ? Programa Multic?ntrico de P?s-Gradua??o em Ci?ncias Fisiol?gicas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2018. / The whole-body vibration training (WBVT) has been identified as an alternative intervention to improve exercise capacity and quality of life of patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). However, the effect of WBVT on inflammatory-oxidative biomarkers remains unknown. The aim of this trial was to investigate the effects of WBVT on inflammatory-oxidative, functionality and quality of life parameters in patients with COPD. Twenty patients were equally divided into: 1) intervention group (IG) that performed the WBVT, and 2) control group (CG) that did not receive any intervention. Intervention consisted in performing static squatting on vibrating platform, in six series of 30 seconds, 3 day per week, for 12 weeks. Patients were evaluated for: plasma levels of IL-6, IL-8, IFN-?, soluble receptors of TNF-?; white cells count; plasma levels of oxidant and antioxidant markers; walking distance in six-minute walk test (6MWT); peak oxygen uptake (VO2 peak) during the 6MWT; handgrip strength; quality of life (Saint George?s); timed 5-chair sit-to-stand (5STS) and timed get-up and go test (TUG). The data were analyzed by unpaired t-test (baseline) and Anova two-way (effects of training). The level of significance was p< 0.05. After WBVT, patients from IG showed significant increase in the 6MWD, VO2 peak and handgrip strength (p< 0.05). Furthermore, patients from IG reached minimal clinically important difference regarding quality of life. No significant differences were found in 5STS, TUG, inflammatory-oxidative biomarkers and white cells count in the IG. CG did not show significant improvement in all assessments (p> 0.05). Taking together, our results demonstrated that the WBVT induced clinically significant benefits regarding exercise capacity, muscle strength and quality of life in patients with COPD, that were not related to systemic changes in the inflammatory-oxidative biomarkers analyzed.

Há uma percepção de que as vibrações geradas pelo equipamento na área da preparação de madeira de uma instalação industrial são crescentes desde o início da operação. Devido ao fato de que as vibrações podem afetar tanto o corpo humano e edifícios estas começaram a se tornar uma preocupação para os trabalhadores expostos. Uma revisão das principais regras e procedimentos para avaliar a vibração aos quais está exposto o corpo humano e avaliar se isso afeta o seu conforto ou afetar a sua saúde é feita neste trabalho. Através deste estudo busca-se terminar o grau de exposição existente, para a qual seguem-se os procedimentos da ISO 2631 e BS 6472, 2008. Uma vez que estes valores são medidos, o grau de exposição dos trabalhadores é determinado de acordo com as regras existentes, verificando se há um risco para a saúde e se são necessárias ações para reduzir o nível de vibração recebido por eles. No Uruguai não existe uma norma afirmando os limites de vibração aceitáveis e assim os limites da Directiva 2002/44 /EC, ISO 2631, 1997, e BS 6472, 2008, serão tomadas neste estudo. Os valores de aceleração rms obtidos nas medições encontram-se num intervalo entre 0,028 m/s² e 0,9213 m/s², sendo a maioria delas muito inferiores aos propostos pelas normas anteriores para os valores limites de que venham afetar o conforto ou saúde das pessoas. No entanto, dependendo do tempo de exposição, alguns dos locais apresentam níveis de vibração que são considerados problemáticos. / There is a perception that vibrations generated by machines in a wood preparation facility are have been growing since the start of operations. Because vibration may affect not only the human body but also surroundings buildings, this became an issue and concern to the workers in the facility that are exposed of such vibrations. A review of the existing main standards and procedures to evaluate human vibration exposure is performed and conclude if this affects health and comfort on the human body in some workplaces at the facility. Through this experimental study the existing exposure magnitude is determined following ISO 2631, 1997, and BS 6472, 2008, standard procedure specifications. Once the surveyed values are measured, following the existing standards this allows to determine the degree of exposure of workers, if there is health risk and if actions are necessary to mitigate the levels. In Uruguay there is no standard indicating the threshold values for vibration exposure. Therefore, this will be the reason of the present study using Directive 2002/44/EC, ISO 2631, 1997, y BS 6472, 2008, threshold limit values. The rms acceleration values obtained in the measurements were in a range between 0.028 m/s² and 0.9213 m/s², most of them being well below the values proposed by the standards mentioned for the limits of affectation to the comfort or health of people. However, depending on the exposure time, some of the sites present vibration levels considered uncomfortable. / Existe la percepción de que las vibraciones generadas por los equipos en el área de Preparación de Madera de una planta industrial han ido creciendo desde el arranque de las operaciones. Debido al hecho de que las vibraciones pueden afectar tanto al cuerpo humano como a los edificios ha comenzado a ser un motivo de preocupación para los trabajadores expuestos. Se realiza una revisión de las principales normas y procedimientos existentes para evaluar la vibración a la que se exponen dichos trabajadores en determinados puestos de trabajo de la planta industrial y determinar si esta afecta su comodidad o afecta su salud. Mediante este estudio experimental se busca determinar el grado de exposición existente, por lo que se siguen los procedimientos de la Norma ISO 2631, 1997, y BS 6472, 2008. Una vez relevados estos valores, se determina siguiendo las normas existentes, el grado de exposición de los trabajadores, si existe riesgo para la salud y si son necesarias acciones para disminuir el nivel de vibración recibido por los mismos. En Uruguay no existe una norma que indique valores límite de exposición por lo que se utilizan en el presente estudio los límites de la Directiva 2002/44/EC, ISO 2631, 1997, y BS 6472, 2008. Los valores de aceleración rms obtenidos en las mediciones se encontraron en un rango entre 0,028 m/s² y 0,9213 m/s², estando la mayoría de ellos muy por debajo de los valores propuestos por las normas mencionadas para los límites de afectación a la comodidad o la salud de las personas. Sin embargo, dependiendo del tiempo de exposición, algunos de los sitios presentan niveles de vibración considerados incómodos.

Há uma percepção de que as vibrações geradas pelo equipamento na área da preparação de madeira de uma instalação industrial são crescentes desde o início da operação. Devido ao fato de que as vibrações podem afetar tanto o corpo humano e edifícios estas começaram a se tornar uma preocupação para os trabalhadores expostos. Uma revisão das principais regras e procedimentos para avaliar a vibração aos quais está exposto o corpo humano e avaliar se isso afeta o seu conforto ou afetar a sua saúde é feita neste trabalho. Através deste estudo busca-se terminar o grau de exposição existente, para a qual seguem-se os procedimentos da ISO 2631 e BS 6472, 2008. Uma vez que estes valores são medidos, o grau de exposição dos trabalhadores é determinado de acordo com as regras existentes, verificando se há um risco para a saúde e se são necessárias ações para reduzir o nível de vibração recebido por eles. No Uruguai não existe uma norma afirmando os limites de vibração aceitáveis e assim os limites da Directiva 2002/44 /EC, ISO 2631, 1997, e BS 6472, 2008, serão tomadas neste estudo. Os valores de aceleração rms obtidos nas medições encontram-se num intervalo entre 0,028 m/s² e 0,9213 m/s², sendo a maioria delas muito inferiores aos propostos pelas normas anteriores para os valores limites de que venham afetar o conforto ou saúde das pessoas. No entanto, dependendo do tempo de exposição, alguns dos locais apresentam níveis de vibração que são considerados problemáticos. / There is a perception that vibrations generated by machines in a wood preparation facility are have been growing since the start of operations. Because vibration may affect not only the human body but also surroundings buildings, this became an issue and concern to the workers in the facility that are exposed of such vibrations. A review of the existing main standards and procedures to evaluate human vibration exposure is performed and conclude if this affects health and comfort on the human body in some workplaces at the facility. Through this experimental study the existing exposure magnitude is determined following ISO 2631, 1997, and BS 6472, 2008, standard procedure specifications. Once the surveyed values are measured, following the existing standards this allows to determine the degree of exposure of workers, if there is health risk and if actions are necessary to mitigate the levels. In Uruguay there is no standard indicating the threshold values for vibration exposure. Therefore, this will be the reason of the present study using Directive 2002/44/EC, ISO 2631, 1997, y BS 6472, 2008, threshold limit values. The rms acceleration values obtained in the measurements were in a range between 0.028 m/s² and 0.9213 m/s², most of them being well below the values proposed by the standards mentioned for the limits of affectation to the comfort or health of people. However, depending on the exposure time, some of the sites present vibration levels considered uncomfortable. / Existe la percepción de que las vibraciones generadas por los equipos en el área de Preparación de Madera de una planta industrial han ido creciendo desde el arranque de las operaciones. Debido al hecho de que las vibraciones pueden afectar tanto al cuerpo humano como a los edificios ha comenzado a ser un motivo de preocupación para los trabajadores expuestos. Se realiza una revisión de las principales normas y procedimientos existentes para evaluar la vibración a la que se exponen dichos trabajadores en determinados puestos de trabajo de la planta industrial y determinar si esta afecta su comodidad o afecta su salud. Mediante este estudio experimental se busca determinar el grado de exposición existente, por lo que se siguen los procedimientos de la Norma ISO 2631, 1997, y BS 6472, 2008. Una vez relevados estos valores, se determina siguiendo las normas existentes, el grado de exposición de los trabajadores, si existe riesgo para la salud y si son necesarias acciones para disminuir el nivel de vibración recibido por los mismos. En Uruguay no existe una norma que indique valores límite de exposición por lo que se utilizan en el presente estudio los límites de la Directiva 2002/44/EC, ISO 2631, 1997, y BS 6472, 2008. Los valores de aceleración rms obtenidos en las mediciones se encontraron en un rango entre 0,028 m/s² y 0,9213 m/s², estando la mayoría de ellos muy por debajo de los valores propuestos por las normas mencionadas para los límites de afectación a la comodidad o la salud de las personas. Sin embargo, dependiendo del tiempo de exposición, algunos de los sitios presentan niveles de vibración considerados incómodos.

Submitted by Rosangela Silva (rosangela.silva3@unioeste.br) on 2018-05-23T13:56:08Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Camila Mayumi Martin Kakihata.pdf: 1187703 bytes, checksum: 1254b570ed82583edc71e880d005902b (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-23T13:56:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Camila Mayumi Martin Kakihata.pdf: 1187703 bytes, checksum: 1254b570ed82583edc71e880d005902b (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-23 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Vibratory platform vibration therapy used in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis because it can promote anabolic effects on bone tissue, but the parameters of use, especially the time of application, are not established. In addition, despite the beneficial effects of vibration, it is known that it can cause peripheral nerve damage. However although mentioned, there is no scientific evidence documenting the effects of this stimulus on the peripheral nerve in parameters used in therapies. Thus, is relevant the study of the mechanical vibration during different periods on the bone tissue, besides analyzing the effects on the nervous tissue. The aim of this study was to analyze and compare the effects of mechanical vibration applied over four and eight weeks on the femur and sciatic nerve of oophorectomized Wistar rats. Sixty-six randomized rats were used in the oophorectomy (GO) and sham-oophorectomy (GP) groups (n = 32 / group). Subsequently, each group was subdivided into 4, euthanized groups in the 12th week of experiment (GP4, GO4, GPV4 and GOV4), and GPV4 and GOV4 were submitted to vibration for 4 weeks; (GP8, GO8, GPV8 and GOV8), and GPV8 and GOV8 groups were submitted to vibration for 8 weeks. The vibration was performed with frequency of 60Hz, for 10 minutes, three days a week. Nociception of the right hind paw was evaluated before the surgical procedure, at the beginning of the treatment and at the end of the treatment with vibration. After the experimental period, the animals were euthanized, and the right sciatic nerve and femur were dissected for histomorphometric analysis. Were measured in 100 fibers nerve the diameter of the fiber, axon, myelin sheath, and quotient g, also were realized the counts of smaller fibers and larger than four micrometers and of the Schwann cell nuclei, as well as the percentage of connective tissue. The femur was analyzed for femoral neck diameter, mean area of cortical bone, percentage of spongy bone, thickness measurement and percentage of cortical bone, as well as osteocyte count. From the analyzes it was observed that the nociception and morphometry of the sciatic nerve morphometry did not have a statistically significant difference; in addition, in the morphological analysis of the sciatic nerve, the groups presented similar characteristics among themselves, without altering the typical morphology. While in the femur, the vibration in the oophorectomized groups led to the increase of the bone mass, being observed the increase of the percentage of the spongy tissue, which was also evidenced in the cortical tissue, with increase of the thickness and the percentage of bone tissue, being the was able to reverse these changes. However, the variables of the mean area of the cortical bone, number of osteocytes and the diameter of the femoral neck were not altered by vibration. With this, it was concluded that the vibration during four and eight weeks promoted increase of the bone mass, whereas it did not have effects on the sciatic nerve of oophorectomized Wistar. / A terapia de vibração com plataforma vibratória é utilizada no tratamento de osteoporose pós-menopausa, pois pode promover efeitos anabólicos sobre o tecido ósseo; porém, os parâmetros de utilização, principalmente o tempo de aplicação, não estão bem estabelecidos. Além disso, apesar dos efeitos benéficos da vibração, esse estímulo pode causar lesão nervosa periférica e seus efeitos sobre o nervo periférico são ainda pouco explorado em parâmetros utilizados em terapias. Diante desses fatores, torna-se relevante o estudo da vibração mecânica durante diferentes períodos sobre o tecido ósseo, além de analisar os efeitos sobre o tecido nervoso. Sendo assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi analisar e comparar os efeitos da vibração mecânica aplicada durante quatro e oito semanas, sobre o fêmur e nervo isquiático de ratas Wistar ooforectomizadas. Foram utilizadas 64 ratas randomizadas nos grupos ooforectomia (GO) e pseudoooforectomia (GP) (n=32/grupo). Posteriormente, cada grupo foi subdividido em 4, grupos eutanasiados na 12ª semana de experimento (GP4, GO4, GPV4 e GOV4), sendo que GPV4 e GOV4 foram submetidos à vibração por 4 semanas; e os grupos eutanasiados na 16ª semana de experimento (GP8, GO8, GPV8 e GOV8), sendo que GPV8 e GOV8 foram submetidos à vibração por 8 semanas. A vibração foi realizada com frequência de 60Hz, por 10 minutos, três vezes por semana. Foi avaliada a nocicepção da pata posterior direita antes do procedimento cirúrgico, prévio e ao final do tratamento com vibração. Após o período experimental, os animais foram devidamente eutanasiados, e o nervo isquiático e o fêmur direitos foram dissecados para análise histomorfométrica. Foi mensurado em 100 fibras nervosas o diâmetro da fibra, axônio, bainha de mielina e quociente g; realizou-se a contagem de fibras menores e maiores que quatro micrometros, e dos núcleos de células de Schwann, além da porcentagem do tecido conjuntivo. O fêmur foi analisado quanto ao diâmetro do colo do fêmur, à porcentagem do osso esponjoso, à mensuração da espessura, à porcentagem e área média do osso cortical, além da contagem do número de osteócitos. A partir das análises, observou-se que a variável da nocicepção e da morfometria do nervo isquiático não houve diferença estatística significativa, além disso, na análise morfológica do nervo isquiático, os grupos apresentaram características semelhantes entre si, sem alteração da morfologia típica. Enquanto que no fêmur, a vibração nos grupos ooforectomizados levou ao aumento da massa óssea, sendo observado o aumento da porcentagem do tecido esponjoso, o que também foi evidenciado no tecido cortical, com aumento da espessura e da porcentagem de tecido ósseo. Porém, as variáveis da área média do osso cortical, o número de osteócitos e o diâmetro do colo do fêmur não foram alterados pela vibração. Com isso, conclui-se que a vibração durante quatro e oito semanas promoveu aumento da massa óssea e não apresentou efeitos sobre o nervo isquiático de ratas Wistar ooforectomizadas.

Present thesis will concentrate on the attention to reduce the input of whole-body vibrations transmitted to test drivers in durability tests. On behalf of Volvo Cars, the purpose has been to develop a concept solution on the driver's seat. Solving this problem is significant due to test driver’s safety and theirs ergonomically conditions. This project is conducted as a Bachelor of Science thesis for the Innovation &amp; design engineer program at Karlstad University.    The assignment is in collaboration with the research and development department Proving Ground Testing Group located outside Borås on their test facility, Hällered Proving Ground (HPG). Where they perform endurance tests on rough roads with complete vehicles. The main goal of this project is to increase the time drivers can actively drive the test cars each day, as well as reduce the exposure of whole-body vibration transmitted to test drivers.   The project has been carried out through the Engineering Design Process, which is a substantial model for working with creativity during product development. The report consists of a pre-study in areas like dynamic systems of vibration, ergonomics, previous research, benchmarking and seat structure. This was achieved by identifying the problem areas in an early stage. A number of concepts solutions were evaluated and compared according to implementability and realizability. The final decision was made on a concept, resulted in changing the current foam in the seat. Thereafter, it presents the evaluation of materials throughout the material database CES EduPack and through product research.     The last part of the report presents results from laboratory testings and a field test. The objective was to determine which arrangement provided the best isolation throughout different combinations of materials/products and material thicknesses. The result of the test showed that an increase of material thickness was the optimal solution. Polyurethane (PUR) foam is best suited for this and factors such as material properties and combination of materials has less or none impact on reducing whole-body vibrations. Therefore, the current foam can maybe be enough, but it needs to be evaluated further. This solution doesn't do any major changes to the cars specification and therefore the cars can be evaluated as before.   Further development is to build a prototype with thicker dimensions and implement it in a test vehicle. Subsequently verifying a decrease of exposure from whole-body vibrations, in the form of a real-life test. The solution is intended solely for test vehicles at Volvo’s endurance track facility at Hällered. The assignment was to facilitate working conditions for test drivers and make the work more efficient. The thesis purpose was to achieve a sustainable solution, according to Volvo Cars` requirements to reduce exposure from whole-body vibrations and this project is therefore fulfilled. It was important that the solution was easy to implement and can be applied on all platforms, correspondently be used on future test cars from Volvo.

Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2016-04-14T12:59:28Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) tese ficha catalog oficial 2 Rafael Sales Fisioterapia.pdf: 1472962 bytes, checksum: 049ebb80d707feac704886954e751777 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-14T12:59:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) tese ficha catalog oficial 2 Rafael Sales Fisioterapia.pdf: 1472962 bytes, checksum: 049ebb80d707feac704886954e751777 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-07-24 / CNPQ / Introdução: A vibração de Corpo inteiro (VCI) tem sido sugerida como uma abordagem promissora na redução do nível de excitabilidade medular e no manejo da espasticidade. No entanto, ainda não é elucidado se o efeito existente de depressão do reflexo H após a vibração teria a persistência necessária para ter um potencial terapêutico e servir como preparação de indivíduos para a fisioterapia. Objetivo: Avaliar os efeitos agudos da VCI no nível de excitabilidade medular e na espasticidade dos músculos plantiflexores em indíviduos espásticos pós Acidente Vascular Encefálico (AVE) crônico. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo piloto de um ensaio clínico contralado e randomizado, em que vinte e um homens com espasticidade plantiflexora foram distribuídos em dois grupos: vibração (GV, n=11) e controle (GC, n=10). O GV realizou três séries, uma de familiarização com duração de um minuto e depois duas de cinco minutos, de VCI com frequência de 35 Hz e amplitude de 2 mm, em posição ortostática com semiflexão do joelho a 40˚. O GC realizou o mesmo protocolo sem o estímulo vibratório. A espasticidade foi avaliada através da Escala Modificada de Ashworth (EMA) antes e 10 minutos após a intervenção. O nível de excitabilidade medular foi estimado pela razão Hmáx/Mmáx, e valor da razão H2/H1 e tempo para ocorrência do pico da primeira facilitação na curva de recuperação, antes e 10, 20 e 30 minutos após a intervenção. A percepção global de mudança do paciente também foi estimada após a intervenção. Resultados: Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre os grupos no nível de excitabilidade medular nos três momentos avaliados após a intervenção, bem como na espasticidade plantiflexora. Também não houve diferença na percepção global de mudança do paciente entre os grupos (RR: 1,21; IC95% 0,65 a 2,26). Conclusão: Os achados não mostram efeito da intervenção sobre o nível de excitabilidade medular e a espasticidade plantiflexora, nos tempos estudados. Portanto, a indicação da VCI como preparação para a fisioterapia nesta população não pôde ser suportada. / Background: Whole body vibration (WBV) has been suggested as a promising approach to reduce the level of spinal cord excitability and to treat spasticity. However, it is not clarified whether the existing depression effect of the H-reflex after the vibration have the persistence necessary to have a therapeutic potential and serve as subjects preparing for physiotherapy. Objective: To evaluate the acute effects of WBV on the level of spinal cord excitability and on plantarflexion spasticity in chronic post stroke individuals. Methods: It’s a pilot randomized controlled trial which twenty-one men with plantarflexion spasticity were allocated in two groups: vibration (VG, n = 11) and control (CG, n = 10). The VG held three series, one for familiarization lasting one minute and then two five minutes of WBV with frequency 35 Hz and amplitude of 2 mm, in the standing position with 40˚ of knee flexion. The CG went through the same protocol without vibration. The plantarflexion spasticity was evaluated by the Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) before and 10 minutes after the intervention. The level of spinal cord excitability was estimated by the ratio Hmax/Mmax, the value of ratio H2/H1 and the time to occurrence of the first facilitation peak in the recovery curve before and 10, 20 and 30 minutes after the intervention. The patient global impression of change (PGIC) was also estimated after the intervention. Results: No significant differences were found between groups neither on the level of spinal cord excitability in the three moments evaluated after the intervention nor on plantarflexion spasticity. There was also no difference between groups in PGIC (RR: 1,21; CI95% 0,65 a 2,26). Conclusion: Our results show no effect of the intervention on the level of spinal cord excitability and on plantarflexion spasticity during the analyzed period. Therefore, the indication of the WBV in preparation for physiotherapy in this population could not be supported.

Many research studies have analyzed the effect that whole-body vibration (WBV) has on sleep, and some have sought to use vibration to treat sleep disorders such as insomnia. It has been shown that low frequencies (f < 2Hz) are generally sleep inducing, but oscillations of this frequency are typically difficult to achieve using electromagnetic vibration drives. In the research that has been performed, optimal vibration parameters have not been determined, and the effects of multiple vibration sources vibrating at different frequencies to induce a low frequency traveling wave have not been explored. Insomnia affects millions of people worldwide, and non-pharmacological treatment options are limited. A bed excited with multiple vibration sources was used to explore beat frequency vibration as a non-pharmacological treatment for insomnia. A repeated measures design pilot study of 14 participants with mild-moderate insomnia symptom severity was conducted to determine the effects of beat frequency vibration, and traditional standing wave vibration on sleep latency and quality. Participants were monitored using high-density electroencephalography (HD-EEG). Sleep latency was compared between treatment conditions. Trends of a decrease in sleep latency due to beat frequency vibration were found (p ≤ 0.181 for AASM latency, and p ≤ 0.068 for unequivocal sleep latency). Neural complexity during wake, N1, and N2 stages were compared using Multi-Scale Sample Entropy (MSE), which demonstrated significantly lower MSE between wake and N2 stages (p ≤ 0.002). Lower MSE was found in the transition from wake to N1 stage sleep but did not reach significance (p ≤ 0.300). During N2 sleep, beat frequency vibration shows lower MSE than the control session in the left frontoparietal region. This indicates that beat frequency vibration may lead to a decrease of conscious awareness during deeper stages of sleep. Standing wave vibration caused reduced Alpha activity and increased Delta activity during wake. Beat frequency vibration caused increased Delta activity during N2 sleep. These preliminary results suggest that beat frequency vibration may help individuals with insomnia symptoms by decreasing sleep latency, by reducing their conscious awareness, and by increasing sleep drive expression during deeper stages of sleep. Standing wave vibration may be beneficial for decreasing expression of arousal and increasing expression of sleep drive during wake, implying that a dynamic vibration treatment may be beneficial. The application of vibration treatment as part of a heuristic sleep model is discussed.