Spelling suggestions: "subject:"aireless cotensor betworks"" "subject:"aireless cotensor conetworks""
591 |
Fuzzy Unequal Clustering In Wireless Sensor NetworksBagci, Hakan 01 January 2010 (has links) (PDF)
In order to gather information more efficiently, wireless sensor networks are partitioned into clusters. The most of the proposed clustering algorithms do not consider the location of the base station. This situation causes hot spots problem in multi-hop wireless sensor networks. Unequal clustering mechanisms, which are designed by considering the base station location, solve this problem. In this thesis, we propose a fuzzy unequal clustering algorithm (EAUCF) which aims to prolong the lifetime of wireless sensor networks. EAUCF adjusts the cluster-head radius considering the residual energy and the distance to the base station parameters of the sensor nodes. This helps decreasing the intra-cluster work of the sensor nodes which are closer to the base station or have lower battery level. We utilize fuzzy logic for handling the uncertainties in cluster-head radius estimation. We compare our algorithm with some popular algorithms in literature, namely LEACH, CHEF and EEUC, according to First Node Dies (FND), Half of the Nodes Alive (HNA) and energy-efficiency metrics. Our simulation results show that EAUCF performs better than other algorithms in most of the cases considering FND, HNA and energy-efficiency. Therefore, our proposed algorithm is a stable and energy-efficient clustering algorithm.
|
592 |
Static Range Assignment In Wireless Sensor NetworksUzun, Erkay 01 October 2010 (has links) (PDF)
Energy is a limited source in wireless sensor networks and in most applications, it is non-renewable / so designing energy-effcient communication patterns is very important. In this
thesis, we de
|
593 |
A Complex Event Processing Framework Implementation Using Heterogeneous Devices In Smart EnvironmentsKaya, Muammer Ozge 01 January 2012 (has links) (PDF)
Significant developments in microprocessor and sensor technology make wirelessly connected small computing devices widely available / hence they are being used frequently to collect data from the environment. In this study, we construct a framework in order to extract high level information in an environment containing such pervasive computing devices. In the framework, raw data originating from wireless sensors are collected using an event driven system and converted to simple events for transmission over a network to a central processing unit. We also utilize complex event processing approach incorporating temporal constraints, aggregation and sequencing of events in order to define complex events for extracting high level information from the collected simple events. We develop a prototype using easily accessible hardware and set it up in a classroom within our university. The results demonstrate the feasibility of our approach, ease of deployment and successful application of the complex event processing framework.
|
594 |
Design of an electromagnetic vibration energy harvester for structural health monitoring of bridges employing wireless sensor networksDierks, Eric Carl 05 October 2011 (has links)
Energy harvesting is playing an increasingly important role in supplying power to monitoring and automation systems such as structural health monitoring using wireless sensor networks. This importance is most notable when the structures to be monitored are in rural, hazardous, or limited access environments such as busy highway bridges where traffic would be greatly disrupted during maintenance, inspection, or battery replacement. This thesis provides an overview of energy harvesting technologies and details the design, prototyping, testing, and simulation of an energy harvester which converts the vibrations of steel highway bridges into stored electrical energy through the use of a translational electromagnetic generator, to power a wireless sensor network for bridge structural health monitoring. An analysis of bridge vibrations, the use of nonlinear and linear harvester compliance, resonant frequency tuning, and bandwidth widening to maximize the energy harvested is presented. The design approach follows broad and focused background research, functional analysis, broad and focused concept generation and selection, early prototyping, parametric modeling and simulation, rapid prototyping with selective laser sintering, and laboratory testing with replicated bridge vibration. The key outcomes of the work are: a breadth of conceptual designs, extensive literature review, a prototype which harvests an average of 80µW under bridge vibration, a prototype which provides quick assembly, mounting and tuning, and the conclusion that a linear harvester out performs a nonlinear harvester with stiffening magnetic compliance for aperiodic vibrations such as those from highway bridges. / text
|
595 |
Innovative energy harvesting technology for wireless bridge monitoring systemsWeaver, Jason Michael 26 October 2011 (has links)
Energy harvesting is a promising and evolving field of research capable of supplying power to systems in a broad range of applications. In particular, the ability to gather energy directly from the environment without human intervention makes energy harvesting an excellent option for powering autonomous sensors in remote or hazardous locations.
This dissertation examines the possibility of using energy harvesting in new and innovative ways to power wireless sensor nodes placed in the substructures of highway bridges for structural health monitoring. Estimates for power requirements are established, using a wireless sensor node from National Instruments as an example system. Available power in a bridge environment is calculated for different energy sources, including solar radiation, wind, and vibration from traffic. Feasibility of using energy harvesting in such an application is addressed for both power availability and cost as compared with grid power or primary batteries. An in-depth functional analysis of existing energy-harvesting systems is also presented, with insights into where innovation would be most beneficial in future systems.
Finally, the development of a suite of complementary energy-harvesting devices is described. Because conditions on bridges may vary, multiple solutions involving different energy domains are desired, with the end user able to select the harvester most appropriate for the specific installation. Concept generation techniques such as mind-mapping and 6-3-5 (C-Sketch) are used to produce a wide variety of concepts, from which several promising concept variants are selected. The continued development for one concept, which harvests vibration using piezoelectric materials, is described. Analytical modeling is presented for static and dynamic loading, as well as predicted power generation. Two proof-of-concept prototypes are built and tested in laboratory conditions. Through the development of this prototype, it is shown that the example wireless sensor node can successfully be powered through energy harvesting, and insights are shared concerning the situations where this and other energy harvesters would be most appropriate. / text
|
596 |
Αποδοτικά πρωτόκολλα ασύρματης φόρτισης σε δίκτυα αισθητήρων / Efficient protocols for wireless charging in sensor networksΡάπτης, Θεοφάνης 16 May 2014 (has links)
Οι τελευταίες εξελίξεις στα πεδία της ασύρματης μετάδοσης ενέργειας και των υλικών μπαταρίας προσφέρουν καινούριες δυνατότητες για τη διαχείριση της διαθέσιμης ενέργειας στα Ασύρματα Δίκτυα Αισθητήρων. Στο πρώτο πεδίο, έχει αποδειχθεί ότι, μέσω ισχυρά συζευγμένων μαγνητικών συντονισμών, η αποδοτικότητα μεταφοράς 60 watts ισχύος σε απόσταση δύο μέτρων φτάνει το 40% και σε απόσταση ενός μέτρου φτάνει το 75%. Επίσης, εμπορικά προϊόντα που κάνουν χρήση αυτής της τεχνολογίας, ήδη κυκλοφορούν στην αγορά. Στο δεύτερο πεδίο, πραγματοποιήθηκε πρόσφατα άκρως ταχεία φόρτιση με μπαταρίες LiFePO4, επιτρέποντας πλήρη φόρτιση σε μερικά μόνο δευτερόλεπτα.
Αυτές οι τεχνολογικές εξελίξεις ανοίγουν το δρόμο προς ένα νέο παράδειγμα για τα Ασύρματα Δίκτυα Αισθητήρων, τα Ασύρματα Επαναφορτιζόμενα Δίκτυα Αισθητήρων, τα οποία αποτελούνται από κόμβους αίσθησης (στάσιμους ή κινητούς) και έναν ή περισσότερους κινητούς κόμβους με υψηλό απόθεμα ενέργειας. Οι τελευταίοι, χρησιμοποιώντας τις προαναφερθείσες τεχνολογίες, επιτυγχάνουν γρήγορη ασύρματη φόρτιση των κόμβων αίσθησης. Με αυτόν τον τρόπο, μας δίνεται η δυνατότητα διαχείρισης του πολύ περιορισμένου πόρου της ενέργειας στο δίκτυο, με περισσότερη λεπτομέρεια και αποδοτικότητα. Σημαντικό είναι το γεγονός ότι, από την προοπτική των κόμβων αίσθησης, η διαχείριση της ενέργειας μπορεί να πραγματοποιηθεί παθητικά και χωρίς την υπολογιστική και επικοινωνιακή επιβάρυνση που εισάγουν σύνθετοι αλγόριθμοι διαχείρισης ενέργειας. Επίσης, η διαδικασία φόρτισης μπορεί να πραγματοποιηθεί με πρωτόκολλα τα οποία μελετώνται και σχεδιάζονται ανεξάρτητα από το υποκείμενο πρωτόκολλο δρομολόγησης που χρησιμοποιείται για την μετάδοση των δεδομένων.
Το πρόβλημα. Έστω ένα Ασύρματα Επαναφορτιζόμενο Δίκτυο Αισθητήρων στο οποίο οι κόμβοι αίσθησης μεταδίδουν δεδομένα σε ένα κέντρο ελέγχου χρησιμοποιώντας ένα πρωτόκολλο δρομολόγησης και ο κινητός κόμβος φόρτισης, με απόθεμα ενέργειας σημαντικά μεγαλύτερο από έναν κόμβο αίσθησης, είναι ικανός να αναπληρώνει ασύρματα την ενέργεια των κόμβων αίσθησης. Το πρόβλημα που εξετάζουμε είναι η εύρεση της καλύτερης διαμόρφωσης του κινητού κόμβου φόρτισης, με σκοπό τη βελτίωση της ενεργειακής αποδοτικότητας του δικτύου και της παράτασης της διάρκειας ζωής των κόμβων.
Η συνεισφορά μας. Αν και έχουν γίνει ήδη σημαντικές ερευνητικές προσπάθειες για την ενεργειακά αποδοτική δρομολόγηση του κινητού κόμβου αίσθησης, οι περισσότερες προτεινόμενες λύσεις στη βιβλιογραφία μέχρι στιγμής υποθέτουν ολική γνώση επάνω στο δίκτυο. Αντιθέτως, οι λύσεις που παρέχουμε είναι πλήρως κατανεμημένες και προσαρμοστικές, και βασίζονται σε τοπική δικτυακή πληροφορία. Επίσης, τα πρωτόκολλά μας για τον κινητό κόμβο αίσθησης μπορούν να χρησιμοποιηθούν σε συνδυασμό με κάθε πρωτόκολλο δρομολόγησης και προσαρμόζονται στην κατανομή των κόμβων αίσθησης στο επίπεδο. Τέλος αναγνωρίζουμε και σχεδιάζουμε σημαντικές παραμέτρους της διαδικασίας φόρτισης, όπως i) το ποσό της συνολικής αρχικής ενέργειας του δικτύου που δεσμεύει ο κινητός κόμβος φόρτισης, ii) το επίπεδο στο οποίο πρέπει να αναπληρώνεται η ενέργεια του κάθε κόμβου αίσθησης, iii) ποιες τροχιές πρέπει να ακολουθεί ο κινητός κόμβος φόρτισης ώστε να φορτίσει τους κόμβους αίσθησης. / Recent advances in the fields of wireless energy transmission and batteries material offer new possibilities for managing the available energy in WSNs. In the first field, the technology of highly efficient wireless energy transmission was proposed for efficient, non-radiative energy transmission over mid-range. It has been shown that through strongly coupled magnetic resonances, the efficiency of transferring 60 watts of power over a distance in excess of 2 meters is as high as 40%. Industry research also demonstrated that it is possible to improve transferring 60 watts of power over a distance of up to one meter with efficiency of 75%. At present, commercial products utilizing wireless energy transmission have been available on the market. In the second field, ultra-fast charging was recently realized in LiFePO4 by creating a fast ion-conducting surface phase through controlled off-stoichiometry.
These technologies lead the way towards a new paradigm for wireless sensor networks; the Wireless Rechargeable Sensor Networks (WRSNs), which consist of sensor nodes that may be either stationary or mobile, as well as few mobile nodes with high energy supplies. The latter, by using wireless energy transmission technologies are capable of fast charging sensor nodes. This way, the highly constrained resource of energy can be managed in great detail and more efficiently. Another important aspect is the fact that energy management in WRSNs can be performed passively from the perspective of sensor nodes and without the computational and communicational overhead introduced by complex energy management algorithms. Finally, WRSNs allow energy management to be studied and designed independently of the underlying routing protocol used for data propagation.
The Problem. Let a Wireless Rechargeable Sensor Network consisting of a set of stationary sensor nodes and a special mobile node called Mobile Charger. The sensor nodes are deployed uniformly at random over a network area and propagate data to a Sink using a routing protocol. The Mobile Charger has finite energy supplies, that are significantly greater than those of a single sensor node, and is capable of charging the sensors. The problem we study is identifying best possible configuration of the Mobile Charger in order to improve energy efficiency and to prolong the lifetime of the network.
Our Contribution. While considerable research efforts have been invested into energy efficient scheduling of the Mobile Charger, proposed solutions in the literature so far require a global knowledge of the state of the network. On the contrary, the solutions proposed in this work are fully distributed and adaptive, and rely solely on local information. Furthermore, our proposed algorithm for the Mobile Charger can be used in combination with any underlying routing protocol and adapts on the distribution of sensors in the network area. We identify and investigate the following trade-offs: i) how the total available energy of the network should be split between sensor nodes and the Mobile Charger ii) given that the energy the charger may deliver to the nodes is finite, whether each sensor will be fully or partially charged and iii) what is the trajectory the Mobile Charger should follow in order to charge the sensor nodes.
|
597 |
Καταμέτρηση και εντοπισμός θέσεων πολλαπλών πηγών από δίκτυα αισθητήρωνΡουμελιώτης, Γεώργιος 24 October 2008 (has links)
Στην παρούσα εργασία περιγράφεται μια νέα προσέγγιση στο πρόβλημα του εντοπισμού θέσης πολλαπλών πηγών στα ασύρματα δίκτυα αισθητήρων. Ο αλγόριθμος που προτείνεται βασίζεται σε μια εναλλακτική ερμηνεία της πληροφορίας που παρέχεται από το δίκτυο (υπό τη μορφή της λαμβανόμενης ισχύος του σήματος από κάθε κόμβο- αισθητήρα). Στα πλαίσια της εργασίας διεξάχθηκαν εκτενή πειράματα για την αξιολόγηση της μεθόδου όσον αφορά στην απόδοση, συναρτήσει διαφόρων παραμέτρων του προβλήματος. / This work describes a new approach to the energy-based multiple source localization problem in wireless sensor networks. The algorithm that is proposed in the present work is based on a alternative interpretation of the information that is provided by the network (under the form of received signal strength in each sensor-node). Extensive simulations have been conducted to characterize the performance of this method under various parameters.
|
598 |
A Framework for Routing in Fully- and Partially-Covered Three Dimensional Wireless Sensor NetworksEl Salti, TAREK 02 January 2013 (has links)
Recently, many natural disasters have occurred (e.g., the 2011 tsunami in Japan). In response to those disasters, Wireless Sensor Networks have been proposed to improve their detection level. This new technology has two main challenges which are routing and topology control where their multi-dimensional dilations need to be improved/balanced. Related to those metrics, the packet delivery factor also needs to be improved/guaranteed. This thesis presents the design of new routing protocols, referred to as: 1) the 3-D Sensing Sphere close to the Line:Smallest Angle to the Line (SSL:SAL) protocol, 2) the 3-D Randomized Sensing Spheres (RSS) protocol, and 3) the SSL:SAL version 1 and version 2 (i.e., SSL:SALv1 and SSL:SALv2, respectively). Through simulations, these protocols are shown to balance/improve the multi-dimensional dilations metrics which also include new bandwidth metrics.
The balance/improvement is achieved over some existing position-based protocols. In addition, packet delivery is guaranteed mathematically for new and existing protocols. Furthermore, some experimental evidences are gathered regarding the delivery rate impact on the multi-dimensional metrics. The thesis also proposes a new set of 2-D and 3-D graphs, so called: 1) the Derived Circle version 1 (DCv1) graphs and 2) the Derived Sphere (DSv1) graphs. The new approaches improve the multi-dimensional dilations over some existing graphs. In addition, connectivity, rotability, fault tolerance properties are achieved. Lastly,
the thesis develops a framework that combines routing protocols and graphs in fully covered regions. Some experimental evidences demonstrate the improvement of the multi-dimensional metrics and the packet delivery rate for the routing protocols based on the DSv1. This is compared to the routing protocols based on an existing graph. Furthermore, based on either the proposed or existing graphs, some important findings are demonstrated for routing in terms of multi-dimensional metrics and packet delivery rate. Among those findings, the proposed protocol and an
exiting protocol have higher delivery rates compared to another existing protocol. Furthermore, the proposed graph improves the multi-dimensional metrics for the proposed and existing protocols over another existing protocol for low communication ranges.
|
599 |
Mobile wireless sensor network architecture: Applications to mobile sensor deploymentErdelj, Milan 11 October 2013 (has links) (PDF)
Les progrès de la robotique mobile nous permettent aujourd'hui d'ajouter la notion de mobilité dans plusieurs classes de réseaux de capteurs sans fil. Le déploiement de capteurs mobiles est possible et utile dans de nombreuses applications, comme la surveillance de l'environnement, les applications dans l'industrie, dans la santé et le domaine militaire. Le terme robot mobile peut représenter n'importe quel type de robot avec la capacité de modifier sa position. Cette notion inclut une vaste gamme de robots industriels utilisés dans les lignes de production. Dans le contexte spécifique de cette thèse, l'attention se focalise uniquement sur les robots mobiles et plus particulièrement les véhicules autonomes dont les mouvements ne sont pas limités par leur taille physique. Ainsi, un robot ou un groupe de robots mobiles peuvent être utilisés pour explorer des environnements inconnus et effectuer une variété de fonctions. La mobilité du robot dans le contexte des réseaux de capteurs, nous permet de résoudre les problèmes qui ne pourraient pas être résolues dans un cas statique. Les robots mobiles permettent d'augmenter la robustesse du réseau en remplaçant des nœuds de capteurs et de s'adapter aux environnements inconnus ou dynamiques. Deux thèmes sont abordées dans cette thèse : la conception d'un intergiciels pour les réseaux de robots mobiles et un ensemble d'approches pour le déploiement de robots mobiles dans le cadre de réseaux de capteurs sans fil. L'intergiciel proposé et décrit dans cette thèse permet à l'utilisateur de facilement mettre en œuvre différents types d'algorithmes de déploiement pour les robots mobiles. Il permet de déployer une application sur la station de base centrale qui permet à un utilisateur de rassembler toutes les informations captées par la flotte de robots. L'application de la station de base permet à un utilisateur d'envoyer des commandes à un groupe ou à un robot, introduisant ainsi la commande manuelle en option dans le réseau robotique. L'intergiciel présenté dans ce travail est dédié à être utilisé avec des robots mobiles Wifibot. Il permet réaliser plusieurs tâches. Tout d'abord, il interagit avec le microgiciel du robot pour piloter les moteurs des roues et recueille les informations concernant la sortie du capteur et de l'état de la batterie. Deuxièmement, il gère la communication avec d'autres robots et les stations de base du réseau. Troisièmement, il traite les informations sur l'environnement et les messages reçus des voisins dans le réseau. Enfin, il réagit et il s'adapte de manière rapide et fiable pour aux événements de l'environnement. Dans la deuxième partie de la thèse, trois problèmes sont présentés et analysés : le problème de l'amélioration de la qualité de service avec l'utilisation des réseaux robotiques mobiles, la couverture du point d'intérêt avec des robots mobiles et la découverte de points d'intérêt et leur couverture avec l'utilisation des robots mobiles. Le premier problème est résolu avec l'utilisation de l'algorithme de déploiement qui améliore les performances de la transmission multimédia. Cet algorithme utilise une méthode intrusive pour réunir les métriques de qualité de service. Ensuite, l'attention est focalisé sur l'application des réseaux de capteurs sans fil est la surveillance de l'environnement. Au lieu de surveiller toute la région, couvrir seulement un ensemble de points d'intérêt spécifiques accroît les performances du réseau et réduit le coût de déploiement. Nous faison l'hypothèse que la station de base fixe est placé à l'intérieur du domaine d'intérêt, tandis que les robots mobiles disponibles couvrent le point d'intérêt et relayent l'information vers la station de base. L'approche pour résoudre le dernier problème est basée sur le mouvement continu et à vitesse variable de capteurs mobiles, qui suivent des trajectoires circulaires concentriques afin d'explorer et de couvrir le domaine d'intérêt. En se déplaçant constamment, les capteurs exécutent la tâche de découverte de l'environnement et, en ajustant la vitesse de déplacement, ils répondent aux contraintes de la couverture et la connectivité avec la station de base. L'algorithme installé sur tous les capteurs mobiles est distribué et introduit une nouvelle technique de calcul de la vitesse en fonction des informations disponibles à partir des capteurs dans le voisinage à un-saut. Ces algorithmes de déploiement de robots mobiles ont prouvé leur faisabilité à travers de nom- breuses simulations ainsi que dans la mise en pratique en s'appuyant sur l'intergiciel proposé.
|
600 |
Energy efficient distributed receiver based cooperative medium access control protocol for wireless sensor networks.Gama, Sithembiso G. January 2013 (has links)
Wireless sensor networks are battery operated computing and sensing devices that collaborate to
achieve a common goal for a specific application. They are formed by a cluster of sensor nodes
where each sensor node is composed of a single chip with embedded memory (microprocessor), a
transceiver for transmission and reception (resulting in the most energy consumption), a sensor device
for event detection and a power source to keep the node alive. Due to the environmental nature
of their application, it is not feasible to change or charge the power source once a sensor node is deployed.
The main design objective in WSNs (Wireless Sensor Networks) is to define effective and
efficient strategies to conserve energy for the nodes in the network. With regard to the transceiver,
the highest consumer of energy in a sensor node, the factors contributing to energy consumption in
wireless sensor networks include idle listening, where nodes keep listening on the channel with no
data to receive; ovehearing, where nodes hears or intercept data that is meant for a different node;
and collision, which occurs at the sink node when it receives data from different nodes at the same
time. These factors all arise during transmission or reception of data in the Transceiver module in
wireless sensor networks.
A MAC (Medium Access Control) protocol is one of the techniques that enables successful operation
while minimizing the energy consumption in the network. Its task is to avoid collision,
reduce overhearing and to reduce idle listening by properly managing the state of each node in the
network. The aim, when designing a MAC protocol for WSNs is to achieve a balance amongst
minimum energy consumption, minimum latency, maximum fault-tolerance and providing QoS
(Quality of Service).
To carefully achieve this balance, this dissertation has proposed, designed, simulated and analyzed
a new cooperative MAC scheme with an overhearing avoidance technique with the aim of
minimizing energy consumption by attempting to minimize the overhearing in the WSN. The new
MAC protocol for WSNs supports the cooperative diversity and overhearing communications in
order to reduce the effects of energy consumption thus increase the network lifetime, providing improved
communication reliability and further mitigating the effects of multipath fading in WSNs.
The MAC scheme in this work focuses on cooperation with overhearing avoidance and reducing
transmissions in case of link failures in order to minimize energy consumption. The cooperative
MAC scheme presented herein uses the standard IEEE 802.15.4 scheme as its base physical
model. It introduces cooperation, overhearing avoidance, receiver based relay node selection and a Markov-based channel state estimation. The performance analysis of the developed Energy Efficient
Distributed Receiver based MAC (E2DRCMAC) protocol for WSNs shows an improvement
from the standard IEEE 802.15.4 MAC layer with regard to the energy consumption, throughput,
reliability of message delivery, bit error rates, system capacity, packet delay, packet error rates, and
packet delivery ratios. / M.Sc.Eng. University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 2013.
|
Page generated in 0.1128 seconds