The prevalence of depression in contemporary society has prompted disturbing questions regarding the quality of life. Despite staggering statistics, however, basic issues regarding the etiology and treatment of depressive disorders remain largely unresolved. In recent years a heightened emphasis has been placed on the impact of stressful life events on the onset and maintenance of depressive symptomatology. This approach supplements more traditional concern with real or symbolic losses in depressed individuals. The finding of higher rates of depression among women has also generated increasing interest.

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between causal attributions for the uncontrollable, negative event of breast cancer and coping with the event. A total of 42 women who had undergone mastectomy as treatment for breast cancer were intensively interviewed. Both quantitative and open-ended questions were used to elicit attributions of causality by respondents. Respondents completed four coping measures that assessed depression, emotional state, self-esteem and resumption of pre-mastectomy activities. An attributional model of coping was constructed to examine the hypothesis that causal attributions would be associated with adaptive coping to the extent that they enabled the respondents to feel invulnerable to future cancer. Results showed that coping responses were successfully predicted by perceptions of invulnerability; invulnerability was successfully predicted by perceived success of mastectomy in removing all the cancer and perceived avoidability of a recurrence of cancer. Causal attributions to the controllable factor of behavior were linked to adaptive coping; causal attributions to the non-modifiable factors of other people and personality were linked to poor coping. A sample of 11 husbands of respondents completed questionnaires that included measures of their wives' ability to cope with breast cancer and mastectomy; there was significant agreement between husbands and wives concerning the wives' coping responses. Respondents' answers to "Why me?" and their perceptions of changes in their lives post-mastectomy were also examined.

The purpose of this study is to look at compulsive eaters' attitudes toward their feelings and also to study general attitudes toward fat and thinness in our society. This work was stimulated by Susie Orbach's (1978) reformulation of why women eat compulsively. Before reviewing her theory in detail, it seems useful to look at how overeating has been studied in the past. It is important to keep in mind that while Orbach is concerned with overeating, she is less concerned with overweight per ce (obesity), but rather with eating not related to physiological hunger. Thus obese individuals would be seen as a subset of compulsive eaters, with the other group consisting of those people who are at their normal weight but maintain this weight only through obsessing about their weight and dieting in general.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The following study approached the referential of workload according to the Psychodynamic of Work and had as objective of study the workload of women who are collector of recyclable materials. Still, the questions of research and practice were established, respectively: What are the perception of women who are collector of recyclable materials about the present workload in their work process? What actions of nursing can be performed within the women who are collector related to the workload? This study had as general objective establish actions of nursing within these collectors of recyclable materials related to the workload through an educative practice. This research has a qualitative approach and also uses a Convergent-Assistant method. The scenario was a company of grooming of recyclable materials localized in a town in the countryside of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Women who are collector of recyclable materials were the participants of the study, who were also entailed to this institution. All employees were included in the study, which totalized 11 participants. Data was produced through unsystematic participant observation technique, semi structured interviews and convergence groups. For data analysis, the steps proposed by the referential of Convergent-Assistant Research were followed. The research proceeded the trajectory proposed by the methodological referential: Phases of Conception; Instrumentation; Theorization; Transference and Analysis. Data showed that the physical workload are mainly relate to noise, weight, repetitive movements, rain and humidity, sensation of fug and heat, chemical and biological agents. In addition, they suffer influences of overload and alternation of activities, further operational problems and work organization. Regarding the cognitive and psychological loads, factors that minimize the work effects are highlighted, which are represented by experiences of work satisfaction. On the other hand, there are factors that act as aggravator, which are represented by dissatisfaction (interpersonal relationships were the main element). The cognitive and psychological loads have been also related to life trajectories traced by vulnerability and issues relative to feminine work. Still, these loads have been associated to sleeping problems, affliction and prejudice on their familiar life. Some aggravators were observed, which had origin in the workload, such as pain, respiratory problems and work accidents. The convergence with the practice was made through educative actions, which focus were on: nursing guidance on coping strategies and self-care towards workload; strengthening of team work; and discussion on empowerment. It was possible to conclude that workload is related to more embracing aspects than the most part of studies on Psychodynamic of Work show. Studies and actions on nursing are fundamental, representing the Convergent-Assistant Research as an effective tool for it. / O presente estudo adotou o referencial de cargas de trabalho segundo a Psicodinâmica do Trabalho e teve como objeto de estudo as cargas de trabalho em mulheres catadoras de materiais recicláveis. Ainda, estabeleceu as questões de pesquisa e prática, respectivamente: Quais são as percepções de mulheres catadoras de materiais recicláveis acerca das cargas de trabalho presentes no seu processo de trabalho? Quais ações de enfermagem podem ser realizadas em conjunto com as mulheres catadoras relacionadas às cargas de trabalho? Teve por objetivo geral estabelecer ações de enfermagem em conjunto com mulheres catadoras de materiais recicláveis relacionadas às cargas de trabalho por meio de uma prática educativa. A pesquisa é qualitativa com abordagem Convergente-Assistencial. O cenário foi uma cooperativa de catação de materiais recicláveis localizada em um município do interior do estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. As participantes foram mulheres catadoras de materiais recicláveis vinculadas a esta instituição. Todas as trabalhadoras foram incluídas no estudo, em um total de 11 participantes. Os dados foram produzidos por meio da técnica da observação assistemática participante, entrevistas semiestruturadas e grupos de convergência. Para análise dos dados, foram seguidos os passos propostos pelo referencial da Pesquisa Convergente-Assistencial. A pesquisa seguiu a trajetória propostas pelo referencial metodológico: Fases de Concepção, Instrumentação, Teorização, Transferência e Análise. Os dados mostraram que as cargas de trabalho físicas estão relacionadas, principalmente, ao barulho, peso, peso, movimentos repetitivos, chuva e umidade, sensação de abafamento e calor, agentes químicos e biológicos. Ainda, sofrem influências da sobrecarga e rodízio de atividades, além de problemas operacionais e da organização do trabalho. Em relação às cargas cognitivas e psíquicas, destacaram-se fatores amenizadores, representados por vivências de satisfação no trabalho, e fatores agravantes, representados pela insatisfação (cujo principal elemento foram os relacionamentos interpessoais). As cargas cognitivas e psíquicas estiveram relacionadas também a trajetórias de vida marcadas pela vulnerabilidade e questões referentes ao trabalho feminino. Ainda, essas cargas se mostraram associadas a problemas para dormir, aflições e prejuízos na vida familiar. Observaram-se alguns agravos oriundos das cargas de trabalho, tais como dor, problemas respiratórios e acidentes de trabalho. A convergência com a prática foi realizada por meio de ações educativas cujos focos foram: orientações de enfermagem acerca de medidas de enfrentamento e autocuidado diante das cargas de trabalho; fortalecimento do trabalho coletivo; e discussão acerca do empoderamento. Concluiu-se que as cargas de trabalho estão relacionadas a aspectos mais abrangentes do que mostram a maior parte dos estudos em Psicodinâmica do Trabalho. São fundamentais estudos e ações de enfermagem, representando a Pesquisa Convergente-Assistencial uma ferramenta efetiva para tal.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:16:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AndreaCG_DISSERT.pdf: 1728950 bytes, checksum: 9313bae1012ec9efe12c3287e841bbf7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-27 / Background: The Pilates Method is a modality of exercise that has been growing in recent decades, but few researches has been conducted with elderly and little is known about its benefits in this population. Objective: To evaluate the effect of a program of Mat Pilates exercises in muscle performance and postural balance in elderly women. Materials and Method: This is a randomized controlled trial that evaluated the muscle performance (isokinetic dynamometer Biodex System 3 Pro?) and postural balance (Balance Master System?) of 33 women aged 65-80 years. The experimental group (EG) participated of a 12-week program of Mat Pilates exercises with two weekly sessions. Data normality was verified by the Shapiro - Wilk test and were adopted p value < 0.05 as significance level. Results: There were no differences between groups after training. However, the EG showed an increase in the values of extension and flexion average power to 60 ? / s after training (32.19 W to 37.04 W and 14.48 W to 17.56 W, respectively). Conclusion: The proposed exercise program was not effective in the total work and average power of flexor and extensor of the knee, as well as static and dynamic balance of participants / Contextualiza??o: O M?todo Pilates ? uma modalidade de exerc?cio f?sico que vem crescendo nas ?ltimas d?cadas, por?m poucas pesquisas foram conduzidas com indiv?duos idosos e pouco se sabe sobre seus benef?cios nesta popula??o. Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito de um programa de exerc?cios de Pilates em solo no desempenho muscular e no equil?brio postural de mulheres idosas. Materiais e M?todo: Trata-se de um ensaio cl?nico controlado randomizado que avaliou o desempenho muscular (dinam?metro isocin?tico Biodex System 3 Pro?) e o equil?brio postural (Balance Master System?) de 33 mulheres na faixa et?ria de 65 a 80 anos. O grupo experimental (GE) participou de um programa de 12 semanas de exerc?cios de Pilates em solo com duas sess?es semanais. A normalidade dos dados foi verificada pelo teste de Shapiro Wilk e adotou-se o p valor < 0,05 para n?vel de signific?ncia. Resultados: N?o houve diferen?as entre os grupos ap?s o treinamento. Por?m, as idosas do GE apresentaram aumento nos valores de pot?ncia m?dia extensora e flexora a 60?/s ap?s o treinamento (de 32,19W para 37,04W e de 14,48W para 17,56W, respectivamente). Conclus?o: O programa de exerc?cios proposto n?o foi efetivo no trabalho total e na pot?ncia m?dia dos m?sculos flexores e extensores de joelho, bem como no equil?brio est?tico e din?mico das participantes