A presente dissertação pretende analisar a terminologia da Economia Internacional, mais especificamente, estudar sua constituição morfológica e a presença de relações sinonímicas. Para tanto, além de um embasamento teórico inicial referente à Terminologia, aos processos de formação de palavras e às relações sinonímicas, foi necessária a elaboração de um corpus de análise, formado por termos coletados de livros utilizados na disciplina de Economia Internacional da FEA-USP. Em seguida, realizou-se a análise dos processos de formação morfológica das unidades terminológicas coletadas. Conforme foi possível perceber, num domínio especializado, o falante utiliza os mesmos recursos oferecidos pelo sistema para nomear a realidade. Entretanto, alguns processos, como a formação sintagmática, destacam-se pela produtividade. De fato, este estudo demonstra que o processo de formação sintagmática é extremamente fecundo na terminologia da Economia Internacional. Ademais, observou-se também a presença de relações sinonímicas entre os termos e verificamos que esta é bastante recorrente e expressiva. Com isso, comprova-se a existência da sinonímia no léxico especializado, o que era negado pelos adeptos da Terminologia tradicional. Com base na análise dos dados e nas reflexões teóricas apontadas, é possível demonstrar que as palavras de âmbito especializado funcionam como as demais palavras do léxico da língua. / The present dissertation aims to analyze the terminology of International Economics, more precisely, to study its morphological constitution as well as the presence of synonymous relationships. In order to do so, besides an initial theoretical grounding relating to Terminology, to the word formation processes and to the synonymous relationships, it was necessary the elaboration of a corpus of analysis, which was composed of terms collected from books used in the subject of International Economics at FEA-USP. Subsequently, an analysis of the morphological formation processes of the collected terminological units was carried out. As it has been possible to notice, in a specialized domain, the speaker uses the same resources as in the general language to name the reality. Nevertheless, some processes, such as the syntagmatic formation, stand out because of their productivity. Indeed, this study shows that the process of syntagmatic formation is extremely prolific in the terminology of International Economics. Furthermore, the presence of synonymous relationships was also observed and we have confirmed that synonymy is remarkably common and expressive in terminology, which was denied by the former adepts of traditional Terminology. Finally, based on the analysis of the data and on the theoretical reflections, it has been possible to demonstrate that the terms of specialty areas work in the same way as the other words of the lexicon of a given language.

Mo, Deyuan. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2013. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 153-167). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstract also in Chinese; appendixes includes Chinese.

A presente dissertação pretende analisar a terminologia da Economia Internacional, mais especificamente, estudar sua constituição morfológica e a presença de relações sinonímicas. Para tanto, além de um embasamento teórico inicial referente à Terminologia, aos processos de formação de palavras e às relações sinonímicas, foi necessária a elaboração de um corpus de análise, formado por termos coletados de livros utilizados na disciplina de Economia Internacional da FEA-USP. Em seguida, realizou-se a análise dos processos de formação morfológica das unidades terminológicas coletadas. Conforme foi possível perceber, num domínio especializado, o falante utiliza os mesmos recursos oferecidos pelo sistema para nomear a realidade. Entretanto, alguns processos, como a formação sintagmática, destacam-se pela produtividade. De fato, este estudo demonstra que o processo de formação sintagmática é extremamente fecundo na terminologia da Economia Internacional. Ademais, observou-se também a presença de relações sinonímicas entre os termos e verificamos que esta é bastante recorrente e expressiva. Com isso, comprova-se a existência da sinonímia no léxico especializado, o que era negado pelos adeptos da Terminologia tradicional. Com base na análise dos dados e nas reflexões teóricas apontadas, é possível demonstrar que as palavras de âmbito especializado funcionam como as demais palavras do léxico da língua. / The present dissertation aims to analyze the terminology of International Economics, more precisely, to study its morphological constitution as well as the presence of synonymous relationships. In order to do so, besides an initial theoretical grounding relating to Terminology, to the word formation processes and to the synonymous relationships, it was necessary the elaboration of a corpus of analysis, which was composed of terms collected from books used in the subject of International Economics at FEA-USP. Subsequently, an analysis of the morphological formation processes of the collected terminological units was carried out. As it has been possible to notice, in a specialized domain, the speaker uses the same resources as in the general language to name the reality. Nevertheless, some processes, such as the syntagmatic formation, stand out because of their productivity. Indeed, this study shows that the process of syntagmatic formation is extremely prolific in the terminology of International Economics. Furthermore, the presence of synonymous relationships was also observed and we have confirmed that synonymy is remarkably common and expressive in terminology, which was denied by the former adepts of traditional Terminology. Finally, based on the analysis of the data and on the theoretical reflections, it has been possible to demonstrate that the terms of specialty areas work in the same way as the other words of the lexicon of a given language.

<p>This thesis looks from a historical perspective at the morphological-semantic motivation of words denoting persons with foreign suffixes that have been borrowed into and also formed in German, whereby, among other things, the role of motivation in relation to the borrowing and retention of lexical items is elucidated.</p><p>In a theoretical section peculiarities and problems in the word formation of loan items are discussed, and motivation is defined as a synchronous-semantic category. In the analysis words denoting persons that have seven different foreign suffixes, deriving principally from Latin, are examined with material primarily from dictionaries.</p><p>The study shows that especially for the frequent suffixes in German there is a consistently large proportion of motivated words. It is generally the case that the words are motivated on their first appearance in the material, and changes in their motivation are on the whole infrequent. The analysis further proves that motivated formations often disappear from the material, and words are mostly retained after the loss of their motivation.</p><p>The reason that the words for the most part are motivated in German when borrowed, is that suffixed words denoting persons are generally closely related in their semantic structure to another word in the original or donor language. In German, a relatively large proportion of motivated formations for one suffix does not always correlate with high frequency or with high productivity of the suffix. Furthermore, many of the words examined do not belong to the common vocabulary, which restricts their motivation from a socio-linguistic point of view and can to some extent contribute to their disappearance.</p>

This thesis looks from a historical perspective at the morphological-semantic motivation of words denoting persons with foreign suffixes that have been borrowed into and also formed in German, whereby, among other things, the role of motivation in relation to the borrowing and retention of lexical items is elucidated. In a theoretical section peculiarities and problems in the word formation of loan items are discussed, and motivation is defined as a synchronous-semantic category. In the analysis words denoting persons that have seven different foreign suffixes, deriving principally from Latin, are examined with material primarily from dictionaries. The study shows that especially for the frequent suffixes in German there is a consistently large proportion of motivated words. It is generally the case that the words are motivated on their first appearance in the material, and changes in their motivation are on the whole infrequent. The analysis further proves that motivated formations often disappear from the material, and words are mostly retained after the loss of their motivation. The reason that the words for the most part are motivated in German when borrowed, is that suffixed words denoting persons are generally closely related in their semantic structure to another word in the original or donor language. In German, a relatively large proportion of motivated formations for one suffix does not always correlate with high frequency or with high productivity of the suffix. Furthermore, many of the words examined do not belong to the common vocabulary, which restricts their motivation from a socio-linguistic point of view and can to some extent contribute to their disappearance.

published_or_final_version / abstract / toc / Education / Master / Master of Education

This paper aims to provide a description of two main word-formation categories of Latvian nouns: agent names and action names. It was attempted to divide the collected data (suffix and ending derivatives) into clearly defined word-formation types, to determine the meaning of different word-formation types and productivity of word-formation types, analyse the semantics and structure of derivatives, and to provide a clear systematic description of the formation of the aforementioned Latvian language word formation categories. / Šiame darbe siekiama išsamiai išnagrinėti latvių kalbos veikėjų pavadinimų ir veiksmų pavadinimų darybos kategorijas. Surinktą medžiagą (priesagų, galūnių vedinius) stengiamasi aiškiai suskirstyti į darybos tipus, nustatyti darybos reikšmes ir darybos tipų produktyvumą, išnagrinėti vedinių semantiką ir struktūrą ir pateikti aiškų sisteminį minėtųjų darybos kategorijų darybos latvių kalboje aprašą.

Darbo objektas - dvi pagrindinės veiksmažodinių latvių kalbos daiktavardžių darybos kategorijos - veikėjų pavadinimai (nomina agentis) ir veiksmo pavadinimai (nomina actionis. Disertacijoje siekiama išsamiai išnagrinėti minėtąsias darybos kategorijas - surinktą medžiagą (priesagų, galūnių vedinius) suskirstyti į darybos tipus, nustatyti darybos reikšmes ir darybos tipų produktyvumą, išnagrinėti vedinių semantiką ir struktūrą ir pateikti aiškų sisteminį dabartinės latvių kalbos veikėjų ir veiksmų pavadinimų darybos kategorijų aprašą. / This paper aims to provide a description of two main word-formation categories of Latvian nouns: agent names and action names. It was attempted to divide the collected data (suffix and ending derivatives) into clearly defined word-formation types, to determine the meaning of different word-formation types and productivity of word-formation types, analyse the semantics and structure of derivatives, and to provide a clear systematic description of the formation of the aforementioned Latvian language word-formation categories.

Neste trabalho, investiga-se a distribuição dos sufixos -ção e -mento nos dialetos de Porto Alegre, Florianópolis e Curitiba. A partir de estudos anteriores sobre tais afixos, analisaram-se fatores de natureza linguística, como tonicidade (oxítona, paroxítona e proparoxítona), número de sílabas, tipos de verbos (de estado, de ação, de processo e de ação-processo), características da base (se com alomorfia ou sem, por exemplo), prefixação, sufixação, terminações, entre outros. Analisaram-se, também, fatores de natureza extralinguística, como escolaridade (primário e secundário), sexo (feminino e masculino), faixa etária (mais de 50 anos e menos de 50 anos) e localidade (Porto Alegre, Florianópolis e Curitiba). Para a investigação, fez-se uso de dados de fala extraídos de 46 entrevistas do projeto Variação Linguística na Região Sul do Brasil – VARSUL e de um teste de produtividade baseado em pseudopalavras propostas pela pesquisadora, aplicado a 31 informantes. Para a análise quantitativa dos resultados, foram utilizados os programas que compõem o pacote VARBRUL 2S, a fim de se levantarem as frequências de uso de cada um dos afixos envolvidos. A análise dos resultados mostrou que, de forma geral, -ção é o sufixo preferido na alternância de uso entre -ção e -mento. Além disso, observou-se que fatores como tipo de verbo, conjugação, algumas terminações, assim como a iteratividade ou o número de sílabas podem influenciar o falante em sua escolha pelo uso de um sufixo e não de outro. Os achados dessa pesquisa confirmam grande parte de nossas questões e permitem que se observe em que medida esse dialeto se iguala ou não a outros já estudados. Para tanto, usamos como fonte, especialmente, Aronoff (1976), Basilio (1980, 1996, 1999, 2000, 2011), Villalva (1986), Sandmann (1996), Rocha (1999, 2008), Monteiro (2002), Maroneze (2005), Bastos (2006, 2012), Grodt (2009) e Souza (2010). / In this paper, the distribution of the suffixes “-ção” and “mento” are investigate, considering the dialects used in Porto Alegre, Florianópolis and Curitiba. As of previous studies about such suffixes, linguistic nature factors were analyzed, such as tonicity (oxytone, paroxytone and proparoxytone), number of syllables, typos of verbs (stative verbs, action verbs, process verbs and action-process verbs), characteristics of bases (with allomorph or without it, for instance), prefix and suffix word formation, termination, among others. Factors of extralinguistic nature were also analyzed, such as schooling (primary and secondary), sex (feminine and masculine), age-group (older than 50 and younger than 50) and locality (Porto Alegre, Florianópolis and Curitiba). For the investigation, speaking data extracted from 46 interviews of the project called Linguistic Variation in the South Region of Brasil – VARSUL – were used, as well as a test of productivity based on pseudo words proposed by the researcher, applied to 31 informants. For the quantitative analyses of the results, the programs which form the VARBRUL 2S package were used, in order to obtain the frequencies of usage of each affix involved. The analysis of the results has shown that, in general, “-ção” is the favorite suffix in the alternance of usage between “-ção” and “-mento”. Besides, factors like type of verb, conjugation, some terminations were verified, as well as the iteration or the number of syllables which can influence the speakers in their choice for the usage of a suffix over others. The findings of this research confirm a large part of our hypotheses and allow us to observe in what extent this dialect equalizes or not to others already studied. For this purpose, we especially used, as our bibliographic source, Aronoff (1976), Basilio (1980, 1996, 1999, 2000, 2011), Rocha (1999, 2008), Villalva (1986), Sandmann (1996), Monteiro (2002), Maroneze (2005), Bastos (2006,2012), Grodt (2009) and Souza (2010).

Nominalisation is being considered as one of the tendencies of the contemporary German. The diploma thesis focuses not only on noun derivatives. This diploma thesis deals with the nominal style in general, which is rich on the derivative nouns and different kinds of noun-verb combinations. In contrary to verbal style, the nominal style occurs primarily in the written and professional language. However, some features are to be found even on level A1 and A2 and are used in everyday spoken language. The goal of this thesis is to analyse the textbooks for children and young adults and to find in what level occur the features of the nominal style in textbooks for secondary schools.