As políticas de educação, no Brasil e no mundo, vêm sofrendo várias modificações em um curto espaço de tempo, o que tem obrigado as IES e os docentes que nelas atuam a se adequarem a essas mudanças, muitas vezes, sem tempo hábil e estrutura de apoio para tal. Essa necessidade de adaptação às novas regras e exigências gera sobrecarga no trabalho e, quase sempre, implica em sofrimento físico, psíquico e social, interferindo na qualidade de vida desses profissionais. Nesse contexto se inserem os docentes de Enfermagem e a resiliência, constructo do qual a Enfermagem tem se aproximado mais recentemente, se apresenta como estratégia segura para o enfrentamento das pressões geradas no ambiente trabalho. Com o objetivo de levantar os indicadores de resiliência e associá-los com os domínios de qualidade de vida dos docentes de Enfermagem, propôs -se a realização de estudo quantitativo, exploratório, descritivo, de corte transversal, com docentes de enfermagem das IES inseridas na área de abrangência das Subseções do Conselho Regional de Enfermagem de Londrina e Maringá (PR). Ao todo, participaram 90 enfermeiros docentes que responderam ao Quest_Resiliência (SOBRARE) e ao WHOQOL-bref, além de um questionário com dados sócio demográficos e ocupacionais. A maioria dos docentes participantes era de mulheres, com idade média de 43 anos, casadas, com renda familiar média que variou entre R$ 4.418,00 a R$ 12.926,00. Em relação às varáveis ocupacionais, 60 docentes trabalhavam em IES públicas e 30 em IES privadas. Estavam forma dos entre 20 e 29 anos atrás, vinculados a uma única IES, contratados em regime de 40 horas semanais (TIDE). A titulação mais frequente foi a de Mestre, seguida pela de Doutor, sendo esses mais frequentes nas IES públicas. Em relação à resiliência, não for am identificadas condições de vulnerabilidade ao estresse elevado e a maioria dos participantes apresentou-se em condição de excelente resiliência (equilíbrio) ou forte resiliência com tendência ao estilo comportamental de Intolerância(PC -I) de reagir às situações de estresse elevado. A QV geral e a condição de saúde foi considerada boa (64,40%), sendo mais bem avaliados os domínios físico (72,80%) e psicológico (69,35%). Houve correlação positiva entre Resiliência (MCDs) e QV (Domínios) e o MCD Sentido da Vida apresentou correlação com todos os domínios da QV. Também foram identificadas associações entre os MCDs e os domínios de QV. / The education politics, in Brazil and throughout the world, have suffered several changes in a short space of time, what has forced College Institutions (CI s) and faculties to adapt to those changes, most of the time, without time and support structure enough for such. The need to adapt to the new rules and demands generates overload in the work and, very often, it implicates in physical, psychological and social suffering, interfering i n the quality of life of those professionals. In this context the Nursing faculty and the resilience are inserted. It comes as a safe strategy to face the pressure generated within the work environment. With the purpose of identify the resilience indicators and to associate them with the domains of quality of life of Nursing faculties, the accomplishment of a quantitative, exploratory, descriptive, cross-sectional study, with Nursing professors from the CIs inserted in the area of Sub-sections of the Regional Council of Nursing of Londrina and Maringá (PR) was proposed. Altogether, 90 nursing professors took part on the study answering the Quest Resilience (SOBRARE) and to WHOQOLbref, as well as a questionnaire with demographic and occupational data. Most of the participant professors were female, average 43 years old, married, with family income that varied from R$ 4,418,00 to R$ 12, 926,00. Regarding occupational variables, 60 professors worked in public CIs and 30 of them in private CIs, they graduated 20-29 years ago, worked in only one CI, and they were hired in a 40 hours/week schedule (Tenure). The most frequent title was Master, followed by Doctorate, being those more frequent in public CIs. In relation to the resilience, no conditions of vulnerability to stress were identified, and most of the participants showed excellent resilience (balance), or strong resilience with tendency to the behavior style of Intolerance (PC-I) of reacting to the situations of high stress. Their general life condition (LQ) and their health condition were considered good (64.40%), being better appraised the physical (72.80%) and psychological (69.35%) domains. There was a positive correlation among Resilience (MCDs) and LQ (Domains) and the MCD Life Sense presented correlation with all the domains of LQ. Associations between MCDs and the domains of LQ were also identified.

Essa pesquisa investiga as representações da carreira e das condições docente de profissionais da Educação Infantil no município de São Paulo entre 1980 e 2015. Em 2015 o município de São Paulo completou oitenta anos de atendimento da Educação Infantil, passou por diferentes concepções acerca do que significa a criança pequena na sociedade e o que vem a ser educá-la. Por consequência, diferentes concepções do papel e função do profissional e plano de carreira (vínculo empregatício, formação exigida, atividades desenvolvidas e remuneração). As políticas públicas voltadas para os profissionais de Educação Infantil em São Paulo, sobretudo nas questões de contratação e plano de carreira, podem ser organizadas em três grandes períodos: 1- o primeiro com a expansão em ampliação do atendimento no início de 1980; 2- a migração da Secretaria de Assistência Social (SAS) para a Secretaria Municipal de Educação (SME) e mudança de cargos e carreiras (2001-2004); 3- após a integração, se deu o primeiro concurso e plano de carreira como professores (2005). O último concurso realizado para contratação foi em 2015, sendo o marco temporal para identificar as mudanças no plano de carreira dos profissionais. Com o objetivo de compreender de que maneira se deram as mudanças e quais as representações de carreira e trabalho dos profissionais da Educação Infantil, o trabalho por meio da história oral e da abordagem biográfica recolheu e analisou questionários e entrevistas de história oral de vida, formação e profissão de trezes profissionais sendo quatro profissionais que ingressaram no primeiro período como pajens no primeiros anos de 1980 (três recém aposentadas), quatro que ingressaram no segundo período como Auxiliar de Desenvolvimento Infantil (ADI) entre 1992 e 2004, quatro que ingressaram no terceiro e último período de mudança de carreira como professoras de Educação Infantil, entre 2005 e 2015, e uma profissional que ingressou como ADI e percorreu todo o percurso de carreira, foi coordenadora pedagógica e hoje é diretora de um Centro de Educação Infantil. A pesquisa também utilizou como fontes os documentos e orientações para os profissionais de Educação Infantil durante os períodos estudados presentes no Centro de documentação e memória técnica documental (CEDOC) da Secretaria de Educação do município. O trabalho adotou a perspectiva sóciohistórica com intuito de compreender de que maneira as diferenças existentes nas trajetórias de origem, formação e instituições de trabalho geram distinções e afetam o modo como elas se relacionam com a profissão e a carreira docente. Assim, o estudo teve como referencial teórico autores como Bourdieu, Nóvoa, Huberman, Fanfani e Tardif para identificar de que modo as origens sociais, as trajetórias de vida, formação e ingresso na carreira em períodos distintos produzem especificidades e diferenças em relação as representações de carreira e condições de trabalho para as profissionais que atuam/atuaram (três aposentadas) na Educação Infantil. Percebeu-se que os percursos de vida, formação e profissão das profissionais que ingressaram como pajens apesar de apresentar questões específicas da carreira, apresentam ao mesmo tempo, questões similares das profissionais que ingressaram como ADI no que tange a escolha e ingresso na carreira, apresentando diferenças das que ingressaram como professoras. De um modo geral percebeu-se que com as exigências das políticas para mudança de cargo, os processos de formação e profissionalização as origens sociais e familiares das profissionais ocupam um papel importante em suas trajetórias que revelam uma valorização da escolarização e o ingresso no trabalho como estratégia de ascensão social. No que tange as políticas públicas e o plano de carreira das profissionais, percebeu-se mudanças, mas também a necessidade de continuidade quanto aos processos de formação, profissionalização, a construção e reconhecimento da identidade como docência. / This research investigates the representations of the career and the teaching conditions of professionals of Early Childhood Education in the city of São Paulo between 1980 and 2015. In 2015 the municipality of São Paulo completed eighty years of attendance of Early Childhood Education, went through different conceptions about what it means the small child in society and what comes to be educating it. Consequently, different conceptions of the role and function of the professional and career plan (employment relationship, required training, activities developed and remuneration). Public policies aimed at the professionals of Early Childhood Education in São Paulo, especially in hiring and career planning, can be organized in three great periods: 1- the first with the expansion in expansion of the service in the beginning of 1980; 2- the migration of the Secretariat of Social Assistance (SAS) to the Municipal Department of Education (SME) and change of positions and careers (2001-2004); 3- After the integration, the first contest and career plan as teachers (2005) was given. The last public tender for recruitment was in 2015, being the time frame to identify the changes in the professional career plan. In order to understand how the changes were made and which representations of career and work of the Early Childhood Education professionals, the work through oral history and the biographical approach collected and analyzed questionnaires and interviews of oral history of life, formation and profession of four professionals who entered the first period as pajens in the early 1980s (three newly retired), four who entered the second period as Auxiliary of Child Development (ADI) between 1992 and 2004, four who entered the third period and last period of career change as teachers of Early Childhood Education, between 2005 and 2015, and a professional who joined as an ADI and traveled throughout her career, was a pedagogical coordinator and is now director of a Center for Early Childhood Education. The research also used as sources the documents and guidelines for the professionals of Early Childhood Education during the studied periods present in the Documentation Center and Documentary Technical Memory (CEDOC) of the Education Department of the municipality. The work has adopted the socio-historical perspective in order to understand how the differences in the trajectories of origin, formation and work institutions generate distinctions and affect the way they relate to the profession and the teaching career. Thus, the study was based on Bourdieu, Nóvoa, Huberman, Fanfani and Tardif, in order to identify how social origins, life trajectories, formation and career entry in distinct periods produce specificities and differences in relation to the representations of career and working conditions for professionals who act / act (three retired) in Early Childhood Education. It was noticed that the life, training and profession paths of the professionals who entered like pajens despite presenting specific career questions, present at the same time, similar questions of the professionals who entered as ADI in the choice and career entry, presenting differences of those who entered as teachers. In general, it was perceived that with the demands of the policies for change of position, the processes of training and professionalization the social and family origins of the professionals play an important role in their trajectories that reveal a valuation of schooling and the entry into work as strategy of social ascension. Regarding the public policies and career plan of the professionals, changes were noticed, but also the need for continuity in the processes of formation, professionalization, construction and recognition of identity as teaching.

Este estudo demonstra, a partir de uma abordagem etnográfica, o processo de inserção e permanência de trabalhadores no mercado de trabalho informal; as formas de exploração, dominação e precarização do trabalho e suas conseqüências sobre as condições de saúde, trabalho e vida dos trabalhadores, a partir de quatro grupos abordados mais diretamente: os vendedores ambulantes; os catadores de materiais de reciclagem; os colhedores de laranja; e os pescadores de lagosta. A pesquisa revela as estratégias de resistência desenvolvidas pelos agentes informais no cotidiano de trabalho, bem como as formas de organização adotada por eles para tentar reverter a situação de pobreza e exploração. O posicionamento das várias instituições sociais e políticas em particular os sindicatos, as cooperativas e as Organizações Não-Governamentais (ONGs), os movimentos sociais e, principalmente, o Estado frente ao contexto da economia informal, é destacado neste estudo. O objetivo principal é analisar a articulação do trabalho informal e sua importância no modo de produção capitalista. Tal entendimento possibilita combater as reais causas do desemprego, da informalidade e da desigualdade social e econômica. Faz-se a crítica aos princípios do empreendedorismo, da autonomia e do cooperativismo como alternativas ao desemprego. As várias formas de trabalho na informalidade, como o trabalho autônomo; o trabalho por conta-própria; o trabalho temporário; e o trabalho terceirizado, encobrem o caráter subordinado do trabalho informal aos setores dinâmicos da economia e, consequentemente, ao processo de acumulação capitalista. A falta de um contrato de trabalho, ou de um contrato que proteja totalmente o trabalhador, é considerada uma afronta à cidadania social. Sendo assim, o trabalhador informal deixa de ser visto como cidadão ou como sujeito de direitos. Esse problema se torna importante na medida em que analisamos o tipo de economia, o modelo de desenvolvimento e o papel do Estado como responsável pelas políticas públicas de educação; de saúde; de emprego; e de segurança, entre outras medidas voltadas a esse segmento da população. Pensamos num modelo de desenvolvimento em que sejam considerados os interesses sociais e a defesa do meio ambiente. A prioridade devem ser os investimentos na educação, em primeiro lugar. Com uma educação básica e fundamental de qualidade, podemos vislumbrar uma possibilidade de desenvolvimento com inclusão social. Os direitos de cidadania, nesse caso, se traduzem em ter acesso à educação, aos serviços de saúde, ao trabalho decente e à segurança, entre outras necessidades, para todos. / This study demonstrates, through an ethnographic approach, the process of insertion and permanence of workers in the informal labor market the forms of exploitation, domination, and precarization of work and their consequences with regard to the health, working, and living conditions of the workers considering most directly the following four groups: street vendors, collectors of materials for recycling, orange pickers, and lobster fishermen. The study reveals the resistance strategies developed by the informal agents in their daily work routine, as well as the forms of organization that they have adopted in an attempt to overturn the situation of poverty and exploitation. Emphasized in this study is the positioning of the various social and political institutions particularly unions, cooperatives, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), social movements, and, mainly, the state in the context of the informal economy. The main objective is to analyze the role of informal work and its importance in the capitalist mode of production. This understanding will allow for combatting the real causes of unemployment, informality of labor, and social and economic inequality. A criticism is made of the principles of entrepreneurism, autonomy, and cooperativism that have been suggested as alternatives to unemployment. The various forms of informal work such as autonomous work, self-employment, temporary work, and outsourced work obfuscate the subordination of informal work to the dynamic sectors of the economy and, consequently, to the process of capitalist accumulation. The lack of a labor contract, or of a contract that completely protects the worker, is considered an affront to social citizenship. This being the case, the informal worker is not seen as a citizen or as a legal subject. This problem becomes increasingly important as we analyze the type of economy, the development model, and the role of the state as the agent responsible for public policies of education, healthcare, employment, and security, among other measures aimed at this segment of the population. A development model that takes into account social interests and the defense of the environment is proposed. Priority must be given to investment in education, in the first place. With quality primary education, it is possible to envision development with social inclusion. The rights of citizenship, in this case, translate into access to education, health services, decent work, and security among other needs for all.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T17:31:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_Adir_Silverio_Cembranel.pdf: 2746493 bytes, checksum: 31548deea248788db36a6c8f4a19df3d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-12-10 / Neste trabalho pesquisamos sobre as características, os acidentes e as doenças de trabalho das indústrias de confecção do vestuário na região Sudoeste do Estado do Paraná, além de expor percepções sobre as condições de trabalho dos trabalhadores da região, que possui 7.903 trabalhadores em 299 indústrias. Para auxiliar na caracterização das indústrias, recorremos a pesquisas acadêmicas relacionadas ao tema realizadas no período de 2006 a 2011, na Unioeste, Campus de Francisco Beltrão. Para caracterizar as indústrias de confecção da região, levantados dados e informações no CAGED (Cadastro Geral de Empregos e Desempregados), no IBGE (Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística) e no MTE (Ministério do Trabalho e Emprego), mediante entrevistas com trabalhadores, visitas a empresas e levantamentos bibliográficos. Sobre os municípios mais atuantes no setor, realizamos análises quanto ao número de empresas, de funcionários, ao gênero, ao salário e à idade dos trabalhadores. Comparamos as características das indústrias de confecção do vestuário com as características das indústrias de madeira e moveleira e da indústria de alimentos, setores industriais importantes na região. Identificamos o número de acidentes e de doenças de trabalho segundo dados do MTE (Ministério do Trabalho e Emprego) e analisamos informações do SESI (Serviço Social da Indústria), sobre situações de desconforto e características que podem indicar transtornos mentais dos trabalhadores da indústria de confecção. Finalizamos comparando o referencial bibliográfico com as características apresentadas nessas indústrias. Identificamos que as estatísticas oficiais sobre acidentes de trabalho não representam dados reais sobre a quantidade de acidentes ocorridos nas indústrias de confecção do vestuário, e que os trabalhadores estão constantemente em situação de desconforto na execução de suas atividades. Observamos que são poucas as ações desenvolvidas pelas empresas com objetivo de resolver os acidentes de trabalho, situações de desconforto ou casos de depressão. Foi possível constatar as condições de trabalho, que, em alguns casos, se assemelham ao período da manufatura.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T16:28:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Mariane Bertonceli.pdf: 3407813 bytes, checksum: f731ceab3ce48ebfc95a74c3a38c2cca (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-04 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / his dissertation is the result of study on the increase or precarious professor of child education work in the municipality of Salto do Lontra / PR, in the course of 2014 and 2015. We analyze the teacher's work in the current situation, considering the work category as a central element, and the sub-categories that relate the conditions of teaching in kindergarten, specific object of this dissertation. Selected subcategories are: teacher training, teacher compensation, material and human conditions of work and the pedagogical aspect, matters intrinsically crucial to the appreciation or teacher's career precariousness that works with young children. The current situation of the municipality and analyzed problems are treated from the materialist method and therefore are analyzed historically and dialectically, not as isolated incidents, but in the whole panorama. The qualitative research consisted of theoretical and empirical basis. The instruments used to collect data were semi-structured interviews, questionnaires, documentary research and observation. We perform the data comparison with other local realities that present advances in relation to aspects analyzed in the supply of EI Salto do Lontra. Thus, this study constitutes an invitation to any and all teachers, especially those dedicated to the hard work with small children, a call to fight for their recognition as workers and also the importance of early childhood education that has historically delegated to a lesser role in the educational plan. / A presente dissertação é resultado de estudo sobre a valorização ou precarização do trabalho do professor de educação infantil no município de Salto do Lontra/PR, no decorrer do ano de 2014 e 2015. Analisamos o trabalho do professor na conjuntura atual, considerando a categoria trabalho como elemento central, e, as subcategorias que estão relacionadas as condições do trabalho docente na Educação Infantil, objeto específico desta dissertação. As subcategorias selecionadas são: formação de professores, remuneração docente, condições materiais e humanas de trabalho e o aspecto pedagógico, elementos estes intrinsecamente determinantes para a valorização ou precarização da carreira do professor que atua com crianças pequenas. A conjuntura atual do município e os problemas analisados são tratados a partir do método materialista e, portanto, são analisados historicamente e dialeticamente, não como fatos isolados, mas no panorama de totalidade. A pesquisa qualitativa foi constituída de base teórica e empírica. Os instrumentos utilizados para obtenção dos dados foram entrevistas semi-estruturadas, aplicados questionários, pesquisa documental e observação. Realizamos o confronto de dados com outras realidades municipais que apresentam avanços, com relação a aspectos analisados na oferta da EI de Salto do Lontra. Neste sentido, este estudo se constitui como um convite a todas e todos os professores, em especial aos que se dedicam ao árduo trabalho com crianças pequenas, uma convocação a luta por seu reconhecimento como trabalhadores e também pela importância da educação infantil que historicamente foi delegada a um papel inferior no plano educativo.

O trabalho de enfermagem oferece constantes perigos para o enfermeiro ao expô-lo às diversas cargas de trabalho que são geradoras de acidentes e doenças, com graves consequências pessoais, institucionais e sociais. O enfermeiro exerce suas atividades em um contexto que por suas próprias características é insalubre e possui muitos estressores, dada a forma de organização adotada, com trabalho em turnos, duplo emprego, carência de informações sobre seus riscos, falta de recursos e instalações inadequadas. Essas condições possibilitam os acidentes de trabalho e a contaminação por doenças e, em seu extremo, causam a morte do enfermeiro, subentendida pela gravidade da exposição no trabalho. Nesse sentido, esse estudo tem como objetivo identificar as melhores evidências sobre as causas de morte do enfermeiro, relacionadas às suas condições de trabalho e que permitam evidenciar o seu perfil de mortalidade. O estudo é de revisão sistemática, segundo o modelo do Instituto Joanna Briggs. Pauta-se na seguinte questão norteadora: Qual é a melhor evidência sobre as causas de morte dos enfermeiros, relacionadas ao trabalho? A população foi de estudos realizados com enfermeiros e escritos em português, inglês e espanhol; pesquisados até julho de 2011. As buscas foram realizadas nas bases de dados preconizadas pelo Instituto Joanna Briggs por meio dos seguintes descritores: mortalidade ocupacional; morbidade, câncer ocupacional, envelhecimento; suicídio; depressão; grupo de risco; riscos ocupacionais; compostos químicos; anormalidades induzidas por radiação; trabalho em turnos; morte súbita; tabaco; usuários de drogas; estresse fisiológico; trabalhadores; condições de trabalho; enfermagem do trabalho; esgotamento profissional; serviços de saúde do trabalhador; infecção; enfermeira, enfermeiro; enfermagem; profissionais da saúde; morte; pessoal de saúde. De acordo com a estratégia, foram selecionados oito artigos e sua análise permitiu identificar que as causas de mortalidade estão relacionadas aos diferentes tipos de cânceres e suicídios entre os enfermeiros e, ainda, avaliar as evidências apresentadas segundo o Instituto Joanna Briggs. Os resultados assinalam que a mortalidade dos enfermeiros relaciona-se, principalmente, à exposição às cargas químicas e psíquicas na vida profissional. Demonstram, ainda, a necessidade de novas pesquisas, dado o pequeno número de publicações existentes que abordam os prejuízos causados à saúde do enfermeiro nas funções exercidas no cotidiano de sua prática profissional / The nursing work offers constant dangers for nurses due to exposure to many workloads that generate accidents and diseases with serious personal consequences, institutional and social. The nurse carries out its activities in a context that by own characteristics has many unhealthy stressors, due form of organization adopted, with shift work, double job, lack of information about its risks, lack of resources and inadequate facilities. These conditions make it possible workplace accidents and contamination by disease and, in extreme cases, cause the death of the nurse by the severity of the exposure at work. Thus, this study aims identify the best evidence on the causes of death of the nurse related to their working conditions, and to evidence their profile of mortality. The study is a systematic review by model of the Joanna Briggs Institute. It is guided by the following question: \"What is the best evidence on the causes of death among nurses, work-related?\" The chosen population was studies about nurses, written in Portuguese, English and Spanish, searched by July 2011. The searches were conducted in the databases recommended by the Joanna Briggs Institute and identified the following key words: occupational mortality, morbidity, occupational cancer, aging, suicide, depression, risk group; occupational hazards, chemicals, radiation-induced abnormalities, shift work, sudden death, tobacco, drug users, physiological stress, workers, working conditions, occupational nursing, burnout, health care worker infection; nurse, nursing, occupational health, death, health personnel. According to the strategy, we selected eight articles and their analysis allowed identify that the causes of death are related to different types of cancers and suicide among nurses and also assess the evidence presented according to the Joanna Briggs Institute. The results show that the mortality of nurses is related mainly to exposure to chemical and psych workloads in professional life. Demonstrate the need for further research, given the small number of existing publications that approach the damage caused to the health of nurses in the roles played in the daily professional practice

Republic Act No. 9173, or the Philippine Nursing Act of 2002 enunciates a bevy of incentives under its Health Human Resource Production, Utilization and Development provisions, intended to stem the rising tide of Filipino nurses leaving the country to work overseas. Under Sections 30 to 34 of the Nursing Act, these incentives include the following: (1) upgrading the minimum base salary of nurses from salary grade 10 to 15; (2) establishing a nurse specialty program in government hospitals to upgrade the nurses’ skills whereby recipients of the program are required to work in government hospitals for two years; and (3) the provision of other benefits such as scholarship grants, free medical care, etc. These provisions are the government’s policy response to mitigate the impact of nurses’ migration and retain an adequate supply of skilled Filipino nurses in the country: This research is a qualitative study that seeks to assess the health human resource development provisions and their implementation and aims to help improve them. This study examines the responsiveness of the provisions to the needs of nurses, and identifies the deficiencies of the provisions by looking into the working conditions of nurses in two Philippine government hospitals. It also examines the processes and the factors affecting the implementation of the provisions. This study employed a combination of four data collection methods: (1) focus group interviews of nurses working in two Philippine government hospitals, (2) key informant interviews of officials of government agencies and private organizations tasked to implement the health human resource development provisions, (3) document analyses, and (4) researcher’s field notes/journal. The researcher conducted five focus group interviews with a total of 15 nurse participants and 12 key informant interviews. The nurses are working under conditions of low salaries and heavy workload, that is characterized by low nurse-to-patient ratios in the National and LGU Hospitals. The problems of inadequate nurse staffing, large number iii of patients and inadequate supplies in the two government hospitals are identified as causes for the heavy workload of nurses. The nurses want a salary increase that is commensurate to their heavy workload, their professional qualifications and long years of service. For the nurses, a salary increase signifies the government’s recognition of their dedication, hard work, and commitment to provide health care to Filipinos despite working under dire circumstances. The nurse specialty training program in areas such as oncology, nephrology, critical care, etc. has not been implemented because of the limited capacities of government hospitals to provide this kind of training and the lack of regulatory framework for the practice of nurse specialists in the Philippines. The other benefits have not been implemented as well. The provisions of the Nursing Act are deficient because they do not address the causes of the heavy workload of nurses. To improve the work conditions of nurses, the Philippine government needs to prioritize to the long neglected health sector by increasing the budgetary allocation in order to create more nurse positions in government hospitals, to provide adequate supplies and equipment for government hospitals and to improve the facilities for nurses.

Republic Act No. 9173, or the Philippine Nursing Act of 2002 enunciates a bevy of incentives under its Health Human Resource Production, Utilization and Development provisions, intended to stem the rising tide of Filipino nurses leaving the country to work overseas. Under Sections 30 to 34 of the Nursing Act, these incentives include the following: (1) upgrading the minimum base salary of nurses from salary grade 10 to 15; (2) establishing a nurse specialty program in government hospitals to upgrade the nurses’ skills whereby recipients of the program are required to work in government hospitals for two years; and (3) the provision of other benefits such as scholarship grants, free medical care, etc. These provisions are the government’s policy response to mitigate the impact of nurses’ migration and retain an adequate supply of skilled Filipino nurses in the country: This research is a qualitative study that seeks to assess the health human resource development provisions and their implementation and aims to help improve them. This study examines the responsiveness of the provisions to the needs of nurses, and identifies the deficiencies of the provisions by looking into the working conditions of nurses in two Philippine government hospitals. It also examines the processes and the factors affecting the implementation of the provisions. This study employed a combination of four data collection methods: (1) focus group interviews of nurses working in two Philippine government hospitals, (2) key informant interviews of officials of government agencies and private organizations tasked to implement the health human resource development provisions, (3) document analyses, and (4) researcher’s field notes/journal. The researcher conducted five focus group interviews with a total of 15 nurse participants and 12 key informant interviews. The nurses are working under conditions of low salaries and heavy workload, that is characterized by low nurse-to-patient ratios in the National and LGU Hospitals. The problems of inadequate nurse staffing, large number iii of patients and inadequate supplies in the two government hospitals are identified as causes for the heavy workload of nurses. The nurses want a salary increase that is commensurate to their heavy workload, their professional qualifications and long years of service. For the nurses, a salary increase signifies the government’s recognition of their dedication, hard work, and commitment to provide health care to Filipinos despite working under dire circumstances. The nurse specialty training program in areas such as oncology, nephrology, critical care, etc. has not been implemented because of the limited capacities of government hospitals to provide this kind of training and the lack of regulatory framework for the practice of nurse specialists in the Philippines. The other benefits have not been implemented as well. The provisions of the Nursing Act are deficient because they do not address the causes of the heavy workload of nurses. To improve the work conditions of nurses, the Philippine government needs to prioritize to the long neglected health sector by increasing the budgetary allocation in order to create more nurse positions in government hospitals, to provide adequate supplies and equipment for government hospitals and to improve the facilities for nurses.

Republic Act No. 9173, or the Philippine Nursing Act of 2002 enunciates a bevy of incentives under its Health Human Resource Production, Utilization and Development provisions, intended to stem the rising tide of Filipino nurses leaving the country to work overseas. Under Sections 30 to 34 of the Nursing Act, these incentives include the following: (1) upgrading the minimum base salary of nurses from salary grade 10 to 15; (2) establishing a nurse specialty program in government hospitals to upgrade the nurses’ skills whereby recipients of the program are required to work in government hospitals for two years; and (3) the provision of other benefits such as scholarship grants, free medical care, etc. These provisions are the government’s policy response to mitigate the impact of nurses’ migration and retain an adequate supply of skilled Filipino nurses in the country: This research is a qualitative study that seeks to assess the health human resource development provisions and their implementation and aims to help improve them. This study examines the responsiveness of the provisions to the needs of nurses, and identifies the deficiencies of the provisions by looking into the working conditions of nurses in two Philippine government hospitals. It also examines the processes and the factors affecting the implementation of the provisions. This study employed a combination of four data collection methods: (1) focus group interviews of nurses working in two Philippine government hospitals, (2) key informant interviews of officials of government agencies and private organizations tasked to implement the health human resource development provisions, (3) document analyses, and (4) researcher’s field notes/journal. The researcher conducted five focus group interviews with a total of 15 nurse participants and 12 key informant interviews. The nurses are working under conditions of low salaries and heavy workload, that is characterized by low nurse-to-patient ratios in the National and LGU Hospitals. The problems of inadequate nurse staffing, large number iii of patients and inadequate supplies in the two government hospitals are identified as causes for the heavy workload of nurses. The nurses want a salary increase that is commensurate to their heavy workload, their professional qualifications and long years of service. For the nurses, a salary increase signifies the government’s recognition of their dedication, hard work, and commitment to provide health care to Filipinos despite working under dire circumstances. The nurse specialty training program in areas such as oncology, nephrology, critical care, etc. has not been implemented because of the limited capacities of government hospitals to provide this kind of training and the lack of regulatory framework for the practice of nurse specialists in the Philippines. The other benefits have not been implemented as well. The provisions of the Nursing Act are deficient because they do not address the causes of the heavy workload of nurses. To improve the work conditions of nurses, the Philippine government needs to prioritize to the long neglected health sector by increasing the budgetary allocation in order to create more nurse positions in government hospitals, to provide adequate supplies and equipment for government hospitals and to improve the facilities for nurses.

<p>The main aim of this thesis has been to compare psychosocial working conditions in workplaces with different forms of ownership, i.e. public, private and cooperative. A second aim has been to study how organisational characteristics of relevance for psychosocial working conditions (in terms of management control strategies and prerequisites for management) are manifested in these ownership forms. The empirical data is based on structured interviews with managers at 60 workplaces within the service sector and on a questionnaire to all employees working in the participating workplaces, resulting in a set of 1384 individuals. An additional seven interviews with first-line managers within geriatric care were also conducted for the last study. The results show that employees in cooperatives perceived that they had better opportunities to influence decisions concerning the workplace as a whole, although there were also results showing advantages for public and private employees. Regarding opportunities for employees to influence their own work situation, there were no differences between the ownership forms. Differences were found in the prerequisites for first-line geriatric care managers. As a result of an earlier organisational change, the public managers were now further away from the strategic level and had to focus on daily, operative work tasks, while simultaneously also being responsible for keeping within the budget. The private managers, on the other hand, having group leaders to deal with the daily work concerning personnel and operations, could focus more on strategic work related to financial results in terms of planning and follow-up of the budget. One conclusion is that there are certain differences in both psychosocial working conditions and organisational characteristics between the ownership forms, but when the comparisons were restricted to only one type of service, in this case the provision of care, it is rather the similarities within the care organisations, regardless of ownership form, that are most pronounced.</p>