By 2020, cancer mortality rates are estimated to increase by 180% in Arab countries, where breast cancer is the most common type of cancer. This thesis explores and evaluates the ‘asabiyya-driven structuration (the cohesive force of the group that gives it strength in facing its struggles for progressive reproduction) of cancer agents, government agents, and the World Health Organization agents for breast cancer prevention and early detection in the Arab region. The layers of the philosophical standing from Ibn Khaldûn’s concept of ‘asabiyya and the theoretical foundation of social systems theory, structuration theory, social network analysis, and social capital theory are peeled in order to explore and evaluate the context, constraints, social networks, autopoiesis, and social capital. Utilizing a qualitative research design, this thesis employs content analysis and in-depth interviews, as well as NVivo as a tool for analysis. Data is collected from 122 publications and knowledgeable informants employed by cancer agencies, ministries of health, and World Health Organization offices in Egypt, Jordan, Morocco, and Oman. The findings are divided into the contextual scope of responsibility and resources, the progressive and hierarchal constraining structure, the optimal and weak social networks, the strong and vulnerable shields of autopoiesis, and the presence and absence of social capital momentum, followed by a discussion on the the struggle for structuration against breast cancer. The findings demonstrate that countries with a national cancer control program witness local strengthening ‘asabiyya and ‘asabiyya-driven structuration, while those without a national cancer control program witness weakening local ‘asabiyya. Ultimately, this thesis proposes strategic recommendations to accelerate the regional ‘asabiyya-driven structuration of breast cancer.

By 2020, cancer mortality rates are estimated to increase by 180% in Arab countries, where breast cancer is the most common type of cancer. This thesis explores and evaluates the ‘asabiyya-driven structuration (the cohesive force of the group that gives it strength in facing its struggles for progressive reproduction) of cancer agents, government agents, and the World Health Organization agents for breast cancer prevention and early detection in the Arab region. The layers of the philosophical standing from Ibn Khaldûn’s concept of ‘asabiyya and the theoretical foundation of social systems theory, structuration theory, social network analysis, and social capital theory are peeled in order to explore and evaluate the context, constraints, social networks, autopoiesis, and social capital. Utilizing a qualitative research design, this thesis employs content analysis and in-depth interviews, as well as NVivo as a tool for analysis. Data is collected from 122 publications and knowledgeable informants employed by cancer agencies, ministries of health, and World Health Organization offices in Egypt, Jordan, Morocco, and Oman. The findings are divided into the contextual scope of responsibility and resources, the progressive and hierarchal constraining structure, the optimal and weak social networks, the strong and vulnerable shields of autopoiesis, and the presence and absence of social capital momentum, followed by a discussion on the the struggle for structuration against breast cancer. The findings demonstrate that countries with a national cancer control program witness local strengthening ‘asabiyya and ‘asabiyya-driven structuration, while those without a national cancer control program witness weakening local ‘asabiyya. Ultimately, this thesis proposes strategic recommendations to accelerate the regional ‘asabiyya-driven structuration of breast cancer.

Following the Second World War, the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the World Health Organization (WHO) teamed up to construct an international Codex Alimentarius (or “food code”) in 1962. Inspired by the work of its European predecessor, the Codex Europaeus, these two UN agencies assembled teams of health professionals, government civil servants, medical and scientific experts to draft food standards. Once ratified, the standards were distributed to governments for voluntary adoption and implementation. By the mid-1990s, the World Trade Organization (WTO) identified the Codex as a key reference point for scientific food standards. The role of science within this highly political and economic organization poses interesting questions about the process of knowledge production and the scientific expertise underpinning the food standards. Standards were constructed and contested according to the Codex twin goals of: (1) protecting public health, and (2) facilitating trade. One recent criticism of Codex is that these two aims are opposed, or that one is given primacy over the other, which results in protectionism. Bearing these themes in mind, in this dissertation I examine the relationship between the scientific and the ‘social’ elements embodied by the Codex food standards since its inception after the Second World War. I argue that these attempts to reach scientific standards represent an example of coproduction– one in which the natural and social orders are produced alongside each other. What follows from this central claim is an attempt to characterize the pre-WTO years of the Codex through a case study approach. The narrative begins with a description of the predecessor regional group the Codex europaeus, and then proceeds to key areas affecting human health: 1) food additives, 2) food hygiene, and 3) pesticides residues.

<p>This study attests to the fact that disability is an issue in conflict-affected populations, in particular refugees. Refugees with disabilities living in Mayukwayukwa refugee camp also have poor HRQOL similar to other studies. Education was the only variable significantly correlated to the psychological and social domains of the HRQOL. The study highlighted that environmental and personal variables played a role in the determination of health related quality of life among refugees with disabilities.</p>

Introduction: The epidemic of overweight and obesity both worldwide and in Canada is indicative of the need for proper growth monitoring beginning at birth. This study evaluated Family Physician’s (FP) Level of Use (LoU) of the recommended 2006 and 2007 World Health Organization (WHO) Growth Charts for monitoring their paediatric patients’ growth. It explored factors influencing LoU, utilizing the Diffusion of Innovations (DOI) theory and Ecological Framework for Effective Implementation (EFEI) as guiding models. FPs’ awareness of resources to support paediatric weight management was also assessed. Methods: A survey was distributed to FP in British Columbia (BC), Canada (N = 2853). The survey addressed provider and innovation characteristics, prevention delivery and support system factors, and barriers and facilitators to chart use. Correlations and multiple linear regression were used to determine correlates and predictors of LoU. Results: Sixty-two surveys were returned (2.2%). WHO Growth Chart LoU was 80.4%. Six variables significantly predicted LoU, including age (β = -.28, t = -3.15, p < .05), practicing in Fraser Health Authority region (β = -.24, t = -2.67, p < .05), assessing head circumference of birth to two year olds (β = .23, t = 2.45, p < .05), perceived growth chart accessibility (β = .39, t = 4.22, p < .05) and compatibility (β = .47, t = 5.27, p < .05), and innovativeness (β = -.37, t = -4.11, p < .05). These variables accounted for 69% of the variance in LoU. The most commonly identified barrier and facilitator to chart use was related to the Electronic Medical Record (EMR) system. FPs’ awareness of resources to support overweight paediatric patients was low. Conclusion: The majority of FP in BC in this sample had adopted the WHO Growth Charts. The results showed partial support for DOI theory and EFEI derived factors. Despite a small sample size, the findings highlighted the importance of installing the charts in the EMR systems, and can provide a foundation for future public health dissemination efforts and research on medical guideline implementation. / Graduate / 0573 / 0769 / erand@uvic.ca

Introduction: The epidemic of overweight and obesity both worldwide and in Canada is indicative of the need for proper growth monitoring beginning at birth. This study evaluated Family Physician’s (FP) Level of Use (LoU) of the recommended 2006 and 2007 World Health Organization (WHO) Growth Charts for monitoring their paediatric patients’ growth. It explored factors influencing LoU, utilizing the Diffusion of Innovations (DOI) theory and Ecological Framework for Effective Implementation (EFEI) as guiding models. FPs’ awareness of resources to support paediatric weight management was also assessed. Methods: A survey was distributed to FP in British Columbia (BC), Canada (N = 2853). The survey addressed provider and innovation characteristics, prevention delivery and support system factors, and barriers and facilitators to chart use. Correlations and multiple linear regression were used to determine correlates and predictors of LoU. Results: Sixty-two surveys were returned (2.2%). WHO Growth Chart LoU was 80.4%. Six variables significantly predicted LoU, including age (β = -.28, t = -3.15, p < .05), practicing in Fraser Health Authority region (β = -.24, t = -2.67, p < .05), assessing head circumference of birth to two year olds (β = .23, t = 2.45, p < .05), perceived growth chart accessibility (β = .39, t = 4.22, p < .05) and compatibility (β = .47, t = 5.27, p < .05), and innovativeness (β = -.37, t = -4.11, p < .05). These variables accounted for 69% of the variance in LoU. The most commonly identified barrier and facilitator to chart use was related to the Electronic Medical Record (EMR) system. FPs’ awareness of resources to support overweight paediatric patients was low. Conclusion: The majority of FP in BC in this sample had adopted the WHO Growth Charts. The results showed partial support for DOI theory and EFEI derived factors. Despite a small sample size, the findings highlighted the importance of installing the charts in the EMR systems, and can provide a foundation for future public health dissemination efforts and research on medical guideline implementation. / Graduate / 0573 / 0769 / erand@uvic.ca

By 2020, cancer mortality rates are estimated to increase by 180% in Arab countries, where breast cancer is the most common type of cancer. This thesis explores and evaluates the ‘asabiyya-driven structuration (the cohesive force of the group that gives it strength in facing its struggles for progressive reproduction) of cancer agents, government agents, and the World Health Organization agents for breast cancer prevention and early detection in the Arab region. The layers of the philosophical standing from Ibn Khaldûn’s concept of ‘asabiyya and the theoretical foundation of social systems theory, structuration theory, social network analysis, and social capital theory are peeled in order to explore and evaluate the context, constraints, social networks, autopoiesis, and social capital. Utilizing a qualitative research design, this thesis employs content analysis and in-depth interviews, as well as NVivo as a tool for analysis. Data is collected from 122 publications and knowledgeable informants employed by cancer agencies, ministries of health, and World Health Organization offices in Egypt, Jordan, Morocco, and Oman. The findings are divided into the contextual scope of responsibility and resources, the progressive and hierarchal constraining structure, the optimal and weak social networks, the strong and vulnerable shields of autopoiesis, and the presence and absence of social capital momentum, followed by a discussion on the the struggle for structuration against breast cancer. The findings demonstrate that countries with a national cancer control program witness local strengthening ‘asabiyya and ‘asabiyya-driven structuration, while those without a national cancer control program witness weakening local ‘asabiyya. Ultimately, this thesis proposes strategic recommendations to accelerate the regional ‘asabiyya-driven structuration of breast cancer.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Melbourne, Dept. of Opthalmology, 2007. / Typescript. SAFE Strategy refers to Surgery for trichiasis, Antibiotics for active infection, Facial cleanliness and Environmental improvements. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 233-253). Also available electronically: http://eprints.unimelb.edu.au/archive/00003844.

This diploma thesis on the theme:"The implementation of the International Health Regulations, 2005 in Czech Republic.", is divided into theoretical and practical part.The theoretical part focuses on the International Health Regulations 2005 capacity required, and the measures proposed in the Czech Republic. It describes the history of the International Health Regulations and the implementation of International Health Regulations 2005, in Czech Republic.I also deal, in this part of thesis, about highly contagious diseases.Data processing research for this study was collected in the district of Český Krumlov. The research was conducted by a qualitative method.The sample consisted of 8 respondents.The aim of the study was to determine whether practitioners know how to proceed in case of a patient with a highly contagious disease in their office.This diploma thesis could serve as a source of information, whether the Czech Republic meet the requirements formulated by the World Health Organization in the International Health Regulations 2005.

Submitted by Alexandre Sousa (alexandre.sousa@incqs.fiocruz.br) on 2015-04-10T14:28:00Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_Nataly.PDF: 1054218 bytes, checksum: 3c023839345bc1fb63d761be1a4ad97d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Alexandre Sousa (alexandre.sousa@incqs.fiocruz.br) on 2015-04-10T14:28:16Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_Nataly.PDF: 1054218 bytes, checksum: 3c023839345bc1fb63d761be1a4ad97d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Alexandre Sousa (alexandre.sousa@incqs.fiocruz.br) on 2015-04-10T14:28:30Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_Nataly.PDF: 1054218 bytes, checksum: 3c023839345bc1fb63d761be1a4ad97d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-10T14:28:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_Nataly.PDF: 1054218 bytes, checksum: 3c023839345bc1fb63d761be1a4ad97d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Controle de Qualidade em Saúde / O sistema público de saúde no Brasil ainda não supre completamente as necessidades básicas de saúde da população. Considerando a necessidade de ampliar o atendimento à saúde da população e disponibilizar opções de medicina tradicional e práticas complementares, o governo brasileiro criou políticas e programas de saúde pública para incentivar o uso de plantas medicinais e medicamentos fitoterápicos. Assim, plantas medicinais reconhecidamente eficazes vêm sendo utilizadas no atendimento das necessidades básicas de saúde da população para a cura de uma variedade doenças e sintomas. Grande parte da população brasileira utiliza plantas medicinais, incluindo pacientes de faixas etárias e grupos de risco diversos, e que muitas vezes residem em locais em precárias condições de saneamento básico. Portanto, as plantas medicinais devem ser produtos de qualidade garantida, para que seu uso seja seguro e não possua riscos à saúde dos consumidores. Neste estudo, 15 amostras de plantas medicinais das espécies Baccharis trimera, Bauhinia forficata e Tabebuia avellanedae, de lotes diferentes e de 4 marcas, compradas na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, foram avaliadas quanto à qualidade microbiológica. A análise consistiu na quantificação dos microrganismos viáveis e na pesquisa de patógenos presentes nas amostras. A escolha dos limites de contaminação microbiana e dos patógenos a serem pesquisados foi realizada com base nas possíveis formas de preparo e uso de plantas medicinais. Foi realizada a quantificação de bactérias aeróbias, bactérias Gram-negativas bile tolerantes e bolores e leveduras viáveis, e a pesquisa dos outros patógenos Escherichia coli, espécies de Salmonella, espécies de Shigella, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus e Candida albicans. As plantas medicinais analisadas apresentavam contaminação bacteriana e fúngica variável, onde 93,3% possuía carga de contaminação microbiana acima dos limites de contaminação permitidos para bactérias aeróbias e bolores e leveduras. Adicionalmente, foi identificada a contaminação pelos patógenos S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, E. coli e bactérias Gram negativasbile tolerantes em 20%, 20%, 46,6% e 100% das amostras, respectivamente. Nenhuma das amostras de plantas medicinais apresentou qualidade sanitária suficiente para ser aprovada para o uso (100% de reprovação), constituindo um problema para a saúde pública, visto que um produto terapêutico contaminado é disponibilizado para uma população que já se encontra enferma, e demonstrando a necessidade de um melhor controle e regulamentação para estes produtos. / The public health system in Brazil does not yet supplies completely the population basic needs for health. Considering the necessity to expand the health care and to provide traditional and complementary medicine options, the brazilian government created public health politics and programs to encourage the use of medicinal plants and phytotherapic drugs. Thus, medicinal plants admittedly effective have been used for the care of the population’s basic needs, to heal a variety of diseases and symptoms. A large portion of the brazilian population use medicinal plants, including a diversity of age and risk group patients, whose many times resides in places with precarious sanitary conditions. Therefore, medicinal plants need to be assured quality products, to be used safely and not bring risks to the user’s health. In this study, 15 medicinal plants samples of Baccharis trimera, Bauhinia forficata and Tabebuia avellanedae species, all from different batches from 4 brands, bought in the city of Rio de Janeiro, were evaluated about their microbiological contamination. The assay consisted in the quantification of viable microorganisms and in the search of pathogens present in the samples. The choosing of the microbiologic contamination limits and the pathogens to be searched was made based on the possible preparation methods and use of medicinal plants. Quantification of viable aerobic bacteria, bile tolerant Gram negative bacteria and yeasts and molds, and search of the others pathogens Escherichia coli, Salmonella species, Shigella species, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans were executed. The medicinal plants samples analyzed had variable bacterial and fungal contamination, where 93,3% had microbial contamination load above the allowed contamination limits for aerobical bacteria and yeasts and molds. Additionally, contamination by S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, E. coli, and bile tolerant Gram negative bacteria were identified in 20%, 20%, 46,6% and 100% of samples, respectively. No samples of medicinal plants had enough sanitary quality to be approved to use (100% disapproval), constituting a public health problem, since a highly contaminated therapeutic product is made available to a population who already is diseased, showing the need of better control and regulation to these products.