This dissertation depicts a life of Leopold Sternberg who was representative of one of the most significant Czech genus. The author of this thesis focused on his personality, war experience, and social activities as well as on a circle of his closest associates. She also focused on the fate of his siblings who until now were overlooked by researchers. This dissertation tracks the condition of family property during dramatic historical changes in the first half of the 20th century when they were often found out of the ownership of Sternberg family. We are talking about the first land reformation, the forced management during Nazi era and the nationalization after the Communist putsch in Czechoslovakia. The thesis focuses on Leopold's activities in the time of Nazi threat when he clearly registered to the Czech State. Some part of the thesis is dedicated to the American ambassador in Czechoslovakia Laurence A. Steinhardt. His fate was closely connected to at one point with the Sternberg one. The author has tried to profile the fate of Leopold Sternberg and his family after moving in abroad where he died in 1957. Keywords Sternberg, Aristocracy, Rakousko-Uhersko, World War First, Czechoslovakia, Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia, Laurence Steinhardt

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The thesis is a comparative case study, that applies the typology of deployments of history of S. A. Metzger and R. J. Paxton on the World War I video games Battlefield 1 and Valiant Hearts. The objective of the thesis is to compare the studied games and to evaluate the usefulness and limitations of the applied typology as an analytical tool. A. Chapman's analytical framework for the formal analysis of historical video games is used as a methodological guideline. The "texts" of the video games serve as the main data source, complemented by the use of Let's Play videos, that allow a deeper level of analysis in certain areas and offer a glimpse of how historical representations and narratives are being consumed. Results show that both games present a rich and critical view of the World War I history and that they offer space for representation of marginalized groups. The game Valiant Hearts, unlike the game Battlefield 1, has a strong anti-war message and tells its story from a transnational perspective, emphasizing the Franco-German reconciliation. The game Battlefield 1 celebrates the combat heroism of the soldiers of individual nations and avoids completely the portrayal of civilians and the impact of the war on their lives. The World War I in this game is likened to the Second World War and it...

Development and Organization of Military Judiciary within the Czechoslovak Legions in Russia During more than 6 years of its existence, the Czechoslovak Legions in Russia underwent fundamental organizational changes, which were related to the transformation of a small volunteer unit into an army of many thousands of an independent state. In examining the organizational development of the legionary military justice, it is necessary to take into account the military-political circumstances in which the Czechoslovak army operated in Russia. In the period from the establishment of the legions in 1914 to 1917, the legions were an organizational part of the Russian Tsarist army and all organizational structure, including the administration of justice, was carried out by the relevant Russian authorities under Russian law. In the second half of 1917, despite the disintegration of the Russian armed forces, there was a massive development of the Czechoslovak legions, but without a corresponding development of the judicial service. A key prerequisite for building their own military justice was the exclusion of Russian legions from the Russian army and their inclusion in the autonomous Czechoslovak army in France. At the same time, a modified French disciplinary code was adopted, which was the first independent...

The aim of this thesis is to analyze the relationships between allied nations Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia in years 1918 and 1938 from the perspective of selected commemorative acts. The main aim of this thesis is to define the role of the 48th Infantry Regiment in these celebrations. This Thesis is based on the hypothesis that through its honorary title "Jugoslavia" was created symbolic function of the regiment, which was strengthened mutual friendly relationships between Czechoslovakia and the Kingdom of SHS. My thesis statement is not chronologically limited on the years 1918 and 1938 because the "seed" was planted before the founding of the independent countries. The thesis examines relationships between Czechs and South Slavs before and during 1st World War, focusing on the relationships and short history of 102nd Infantry Regiment "Potiorek", which has been precursor of the 48th Infantry Regiment "Jugoslavia". Keys words: 1st World War, recollection, holidays, celebrations, collective memory, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, France, Little Entente, 48th Infantry Regiment "Jugoslavia", 102nd Infantry Regiment, Benešov u Prahy.

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<p>In 1917, the Romanov dynasty in Russia came to an end as Tsar Nicholas II abdicated during the February Revolution and the First World War. The Romanovs ruled Russia for over three-hundred years as absolute monarchs and until 1917, Nicholas II and his wife Tsarina Alexandra Feodorovna fervently clung to their autocratic rule and projected an image of power and stability. Yet, their choices not only shaped Russia itself but also dictated Russia’s diplomatic and cultural relationship with their future allies in the First World War: Great Britain, France, and the United States of America. From 1896 to 1917, Tsar Nicholas II floundered amid a series of crisis and this dissertation considers five key moments in his reign that illustrate the complex relationship between Russia and the allies of the First World War. These events are: the Coronation of Nicholas II in 1896; Bloody Sunday and the Treaty of Portsmouth in 1905; the Romanov Tercentenary in 1913; the role of Tsarina Alexandra in the First World War from 1914-1917; and the abdication of Nicholas II and asylum request by the Romanovs in 1917. All of these events showcase the diplomatic and media representations of the Romanovs among allied nations and how Nicholas performed and presented his view of himself to the rest of the world. Each Tsar of Russia fashioned himself into a mythic and ceremonial figure to the Russian people and this dissertation argues that the governments of Great Britain, France, and the United States accepted Nicholas’ self-representations for many years and ignored his autocratic rule in favor of their own military and financial interests. In 1917, after years of excusing his behavior, they finally rejected him. Ultimately, the Romanovs held great power at home and abroad and were major players in international events in the early twentieth century but they were unable to reconcile their autocratic regime with modern democracies. In the end, Nicholas’ and Alexandra’s failure to adapt and perform their roles effectively cost them their throne and left Russia in a state of war and disarray.</p>

In the mid and late-19th century, about 15,000 Czechs left for Russia in search of a new life. Most of them settled in the Volhynia Governorate. They bought land, established Czech villages, developed hop growing. In World War I they supported the foundation of the Czechoslovak legions, and many of them also joined the legions. After this war, several hundred Czechs returned to their homeland. In World War II, they rejoined the resistance and formed the foundation of the 1st Czechoslovak Army Corps. After the war, most of them claimed re-emigration. The Czechs in Volhynia experienced what Soviet communism was like, as well as persecution, collectivization, and also Ukrainian nationalism. However, returning to the homeland was not easy, and their repatriation was accompanied by many difficulties. Many of them disagreed with the incoming communist regime and warned the population of Czechoslovakia against it. A big number of Volhynian Czechs were kept under surveillance and imprisoned by the communist regime. Love for the country and hard work have always been significant in the history of Volhynian Czechs.

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