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No description available.

No description available.

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No description available.

The mood-as-input model of perseverative worrying is a conceptual model that has been developed to explain the perseverative aspect of worry inherent in Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) (Davey, 2006a). The first objective of this study was to provide additional empirical support for the mood-as-input model of perseverative worrying. A second objective of this study was to investigate the association between perseverative worry and GAD symptoms. The final objective of this study was to assist in generating a comprehensive model of worry that incorporated unique predictors of GAD. Results indicated that unique variables, such as ‘as many as can’ stop rules and beliefs about worry, were weak predictors of perseveration, but were significant predictors of worry and GAD symptoms. Therefore, these variables may still contribute to the processes inherent in perseverative worry. Results also indicated that the catastrophic interview was an overall weak predictor of worry and GAD symptoms, suggesting that the catastrophic interview might not be the most suitable measure of perseverative worry. In summary, the current study provides mixed support for the mood-as-input model of perseverative worrying. Future research should further examine the relationship of the catastrophic interview and perseverative worry. In addition, future studies should include measures of GAD symptoms as an outcome variable when studying the mood-as-input model. Keywords: worry, GAD, catastrophic interview, meta-cognition, stop rules

Pathologische Sorgen sind ungenau definiert. Für die Behandlungsplanung bleiben wichtige Fragen offen: Welche Merkmale sind für die Unterscheidung zwischen behandlungsbedürftigen und nicht behandlungsbedürftigen Sorgen relevant? Welche Art von Sorgen muss wie behandelt werden? Und: Welche Art von Sorgen gilt es eher zu akzeptieren? Wir machen praxisnahe Vorschläge dafür, wie Sorgen mittels einer einfachen Heuristik auch vom Patienten selbst als «pathologisch» identifiziert werden können. Im Sinne eines therapeutischen Arbeitsmodells ergeben sich differentielle Bearbeitungsstrategien, je nachdem, ob es sich um wichtige oder weniger wichtige, auf lösbare oder unlösbare Probleme bezogene sowie angemessene oder überzogene Sorgen handelt. Das vorgestellte Arbeitsblatt zu den Sorgen soll vor allem die wahrgenommene Kontrolle des Patienten stärken und die Psychoedukation zur Generalisierten Angststörung erleichtern. / Pathological worries have not yet been clearly defined. As a consequence, practically relevant questions remain open: Which characteristics distinguish worries relevant for treatment from those which are not? What kind of worries has to be treated in which way? And: What kind of worries is rather to be accepted? We propose a simple rationale which helps the therapist and the patient to identify pathological worries. According to this working model, different treatment strategies result depending on whether worries are central or not, whether they relate to a problem which can be solved or not, and whether they seem proportionate or exaggerated. The presented worksheet is meant to strengthen the perceived control of the patient and to help facilitate psychoeducation for generalised anxiety disorder. / Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.

Literature Review: Anhedonia, the loss of interest or pleasure in usually pleasurable activities, is a core symptom of depression and is associated with a reduction in positive affect (PA). Repetitive negative thought (RNT) is implicated in the development and maintenance of psychiatric disorders. It has been hypothesised that RNT causally contributes to anhedonia. The aim of this review was to explore this relationship to answer two questions: Is there a relationship between RNT and anhedonia? Does RNT causally contribute to anhedonia? Review inclusion criteria were: studies using standardised measures to report a relationship between RNT and anhedonia or reduced PA. Results suggest that cross-sectional and longitudinal studies identify a relationship between RNT and anhedonia. Preliminary evidence from experimental studies shows that RNT causally contributes to anhedonia. Limitations within the field are that anhedonia is rarely measured directly or behaviourally. Future research is warranted to explore the relationship between RNT and anhedonia with a particular focus on direct and behavioural measures of anhedonia. Empirical Paper: It is hypothesised that repetitive negative thought (RNT) causally contributes to anhedonia. There is cross-sectional and longitudinal evidence of this relationship, but it has not previously been investigated directly using experimental methods. In the present study, student participants were randomly assigned to an unresolved goal (RNT) manipulation (n = 43) or resolved goal (control) manipulation (n =41) prior to completing a reward sensitivity task. This task has been reliably found to train a response bias towards the stimuli that is differentially positively reinforced, with both depression and self-reported anhedonia associated with a reduced response bias. The unresolved goal versus resolved goal manipulation was effective, with the unresolved condition producing significantly higher levels of RNT during the reward sensitivity task relative to the resolved condition. Inconsistent with study predictions, there was no significant difference between the conditions on response bias, although there were trend findings, which tentatively suggest that RNT may influence anhedonia. Potential accounts for the null findings and future research are discussed.

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The purpose of this study is to examine whether different types of home protection/guardianship behavior have any influence on worry about burglary, using the Seattle, Washington data collected by Terrance Miethe in 1990. This study also examines whether gender and previous victimization have any moderating effect on the relationship between home guardianship and worry about burglary. Logistic regression was used to analyze the relationships. The findings in the main model showed that four of the seven types of home guardianship significantly predicted higher likelihoods of worry of about burglary. When gender was treated as a moderator, only one type of home protection significantly predicted higher chances of worry for females whereas four types of home protection significantly predicted higher odds of worry for males. When previous victimization was treated as a moderator, findings in the non-victims’ model were the same as findings in the main model. Findings in the previous victims’ model showed that one type of home guardianship predicted higher chances of worry about burglary. Limitations and suggestions for future research are discussed.