Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2001. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 76-85). Also available on the Internet.

Syftet med studien har varit att få klarhet i vilka faktorer som påverkar personalens handlande i mötet med äldres upplevelser av ensamhet, oro och ångest inom äldreomsorgen. Studien är kvantitativ och en enkätundersökning har genomförts på omsorgsavdelningar med personal som arbetar på särskilt boende. Jag har varit intresserad av att studera hur personalen möter de äldres upplevelser samt om brister kan identifieras som påverkar personalens handlande gentemot äldres behov. Den här studien har sin utgångspunkt i Socialstyrelsens nationella enkätundersökning 2012. Socialstyrelsens undersökning visade höga siffror vad gäller äldres upplevelser av ensamhet, oro och ångest på särskilt boende, vilket jag valt att studera vidare kring. Urvalet i min studie har bestått av 50 omsorgspersonal varav 31 svarade på enkäten vilket gav en svarsfrekvens på 62 procent. Den teoretiska utgångspunkten för studien har varit analysmodell med faktorer som utgår från individuella och organisatoriska områden. Studien påvisar utifrån personalens perspektiv att äldre upplever oro och ångest i hög grad vilket personalen anser orsakas av känslor av ensamhet. Resultaten utifrån analysmodellen visar huvudsakligen brister inom organisatoriska områden som brist på tid, arbetssätt, resurser, mål och arbetsledning. Personalens individuella resurser såsom empati, engagemang och värderingar visar tillfredsställande resultat. Däremot personalens kompetens vad gäller bemötande och arbetsmetoder visar genomgående brister. Detta påvisas genom avsaknad av utveckling och mål på det personliga, arbetsmässiga samt utbildningsmässiga planet. De äldres sociala tillfredsställelse har i studien gett paradoxala svar angående deras behov av samtal, stöd och gemenskap. Å ena sidan anses de äldres sociala behov vara tillfredsställda. Å andra sidan anses de äldre inte kunna påverka sina känslor av ensamhet, oro och ångest då personalen hänvisar till brist på tid och kompetens. / The purpose of this study was to ascertain the factors affecting employee behavior when meeting older people's experiences of loneliness, worry and anxiety in elderly care. The study is quantitative and a questionnaire survey has been conducted with staff working in elderly care. My scope has been based on the staff´s perspective to find out the situation of the elderly and needs from social satisfaction and the older people´s opportunities for meaningful conversations in retirement home. The study is based on the 2012 national survey, performed by the Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare (Socialstyrelsen). The survey is showing high numbers of older people`s experience of loneliness, worry and anxiety in retirement home, which I have chosen to study futher about. The sample of the study consisted of 50 care staff employees, 31 of which responded to the questionnaire giving a response rate of 62 percent. The theoretical starting point for the study is an analysis model with prepared factors. Factors based on individual and organizational areas acquired from the theory of the elderly care. The study demonstrates from the perspective of the staff members, that the elderly are experiencing a high grade of worry and anxiety, which is considered to be caused by feelings of loneliness. The results based on the analysis model shows mainly deficiencies in organizational areas such as lack of time, work methods, resources, goals and management. The employees individual resources such as empathy, commitment and values show satisfactory results. However the staff's competence in treatment and working consistently show deficiencies. This is demonstrated by the lack of development and aims at the personal, labor, and educational level. Older people's social satisfaction has in the study yielded paradoxical response regarding older people's need foriiconversation, support and fellowship. On the one hand the social needs of the elderly is considered to be satisfied. On the other hand, the elderly are considered not to be able to influence their feelings of loneliness, worry and anxiety as the staff refer to the lack of time and expertise.

People psychological health is undoubtedly the question of the day in nowadays society. Factors of ill adults’ psychical health, its relationships, and view to their health condition are analyzed in this work. 70 patients from Rokiškis psychiatry hospital, who have slight psychical disability, have attended in this research. 70 healthy adults, who haven’t treat their selves is same sort institutions, formed auditorial group. All the respondents are 20-55 years old. In our research we used the technique of K. Wallston (1978) – Multidimensional health locus methodology, which is intended to assess the different people views to important problems, which are associated with their health; the result of assigned project was expressed indicators: internality(HLC), chance (CHC), powerful others (PHLC). The health of respondents was evaluated by Ch. Spielberger scale (2000) of anxiety and worry (how they feel now and generally).

The mental well-being of individuals has been studied for centuries. Yet a full understanding of the causal mechanism of mental distress has not been achieved. The prevalence of depression in women has spurred much of the research in this area. The goal of this dissertation is to contribute to the understanding of the determinants of women's mental and physical functioning. The means to this end is to incorporate a concept from each of the following disciplines, sociology and psychology. The sociological discipline lends the stress model to this research, while psychology contributes the concept of worry. To date, sociologists have not studied the effects of worries on women's mental health, while psychologists have not included socio-demographic indicators and stress variables in their studies of worry. The purposes of this dissertation are to add worry to the Traditional Stress Model, explore the determinants of worry, and observe the consequences of worry on mental distress and physical functioning. / A community sample of 170 mothers is employed to test the hypothesis that adding worry to the Traditional Stress Model, while controlling for socio-demographic indicators, stress, social support, and coping measures, will significantly increase the explanatory power when predicting the Total Mood Disturbance Score (TMDS) and the Total Physical Health Score (TPHS). Results from a series of multiple regressions indicate that worry measures do significantly contribute to the understanding of the TMDS and TPHS. / Other conclusions are also reached regarding several determinants of women's mental and physical functioning included throughout the analyses. In the case of married women, a measure of their marital status is a better indicator of their TMDS and TPHS than a measure of their social support from friends and family. In the case of employed women, the most significant indicator for both the TMDS and TPHS is their level of employment stress. / Research and policy implications emerge from these results. For example, general practitioners should be trained to detect employment or marital stress, and poor mood states which are likely to affect their patients' perceptions of their mental and physical health.

Hur vi människor förhåller oss till dåtid, framtid och nutid avspeglar vår personlighet och kan länkas samman till vårt psykiska mående. Denna studie syftade till att studera sambanden mellan tidsperspektiv, depression och ångest samt oro och ältande. Vidare ämnade studien att undersöka om en bristande inhiberingsförmåga kan förklara oro och ältande. I studien deltog 65 personer från en icke-klinisk grupp; 44 kvinnor och 21 män i åldrarna 19 till 40 år. De instrument som användes var självskattningsformulären Swedish Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory-II, Beck Anxiety Inventory, Response Style Questionnaire, Pennstate Worry Questionnaire samt Strooptestet Serialt färgordtest. Resultaten visade att oro men även ältande bäst predicerar en negativ framtidsorientering medan ångest och negativ framtidsorientering bäst förklarade oro. Ältande förklarades bäst av negativ framtidsorientering. Gällande inhiberingsförmåga var resultaten motstridiga, vilket tolkades som att fler undersökningar kring exekutiva funktioner, oro och ältande behövs i framtida forskning. Författarna argumenterar för att ännu tydligare samband för ångest och depression skulle kunna hittas i kliniska grupper. Att öka kunskapen om de underliggande mekanismerna kring depression och ångest argumenteras vara av stor betydelse för effektivare klinisk behandling. / The way we humans relate to the past, present and future reflect our personality and can be linked with our mental health. The aim of this study was to examine the relations between time perspective, depression, anxiety, worry and rumination. The aim was also to study if a deficient capacity of inhibition could be explained by worry and rumination. The study consisted of 65 participants from a non-clinical sample; 44 women and 21 men in the age of 19 to 40 years. The self report inventories included in the study was Swedish Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory-II, Beck Anxiety Inventory, Response Style Questionnaire and Pennstate Worry Questionnaire, a Colour-Word test measured the Stroop effect. The result indicated that worry but also rumination was the best predictors to a negative future orientation while anxiety and negative future orientation best predicted worry. Rumination was mainly explained by a negative future orientation. The results of the inhibition processes was contradictory. Further research of executive funcions, worry and rumination are needed. The authors are arguing for a stronger relationship between anxiety and depression could be found in a clinical sample. More knowledge about the underlying mechanisms of depression and anxiety is of importance for a more effective clinical treatment. / Time Perspective Project

This study aimed at investigating the role of hope and study skills in predicting test anxiety levels of female and male university students. The sample consisted of 442 students from four different undergraduate programs of Faculty of Education at Ege University. Turkish version of State Hope Scale (SHS, Snyder, 1996), Turkish form of Dispositional Hope Scale (DHS, Akman &amp / Korkut, 1993), Study Skills Scale (SSI, Y*ld*r*m, Do*anay &amp / T&uuml / rko*lu, 2000) and Turkish form of Test Anxiety Inventory (TAI, Albayrak-Kaymak,1985 / &Ouml / ner, 1986 / 1990 / &Ouml / ner &amp / Albayrak Kaymak, 1986) were used for data collection. Adaptation study of the SHS and validity and reliability studies of the SSI were also conducted as part of the study. For the purpose of investigating the role of hope and study skills in predicting worry and emotionality dimensions of test anxiety, four stepwise multiple regression analyses were conducted separately for the worry and emotionality subscales scores of females and males. SHS scores, DHS scores, Course Participation subscale scores and Effective Reading subscale scores appeared as significant predictors for the emotionality scores, whereas SHS scores, Course Participation subscale scores and Effective Reading subscale scores emerged as significant predictors of the worry scores for the female group. The State Hope Scale (SHS) scores, Preparation for Exams subscale score, the Dispositional Hope Scale Scores (DHS), and Listening Subscale scores predicted the emotionality scores of the male students, and the State Hope Scale (SHS) scores, Preparation for Exams subscale, the Dispositional Hope, Motivation subscale, Health and Nutrition subscale and Writing Subscale scores predicted the worry scores of the male students.

Thesis (Ed. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 1997. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 76-80). Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (M.S.)--Florida State University, 2006. / Advisor: Gary Peterson, Florida State University, College of Education, Dept. of Educational Psychology and Learning Systems. Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed Sept. 15, 2006). Document formatted into pages; contains v, 64 pages. Includes bibliographical references.

Working memory is involved in a variety of cognitive tasks, with working memory capacity predicting an individual's ability to process information and focus attention on taskrelated information. Subsequently, recent research has investigated whether working memory capacity can be improved through training and whether improvements generalise to other cognitive, behavioural or emotional domains. This training is typically adaptive in nature, changing in difficulty according to participant ability, and can be completed in the participant's home on a computer, giving it the potential to be an easily accessible intervention for a range of clinical populations. The first paper presents a systematic review evaluating the effectiveness of computerised working memory training for individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders, which are often associated with working memory difficulties. The review found that to date, working memory training has been investigated in four neurodevelopmental disorders: attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder; autism spectrum disorder; intellectual disability and specific learning disorder. The findings indicate that although training appears to produce short-term improvements in the working memory capacity, this does not reliably generalise to other cognitive processes or disorder-specific symptoms. The second paper presents a randomised controlled trial investigating the effects of working memory training for reducing worry in high-worriers. Working memory capacity limitations, and subsequent difficulties in attentional control, are believed to be central to the maintenance of worry. Participants were randomly assigned to complete 15 days of nonadaptive working memory training using a 1-back task, or adaptive working memory training using a n-back task. Training led to improvements in working memory capacity and worry symptoms post-training and at four-week follow-up, with improvements on the adaptive training task significantly correlating with improvements in working memory capacity and worry. These findings are discussed in terms of implications for clinical practice and future research, together with the limitations of the study.

Research suggests rumination and worry, which have typically been considered as strongly linked to depression and anxiety, respectively, may be better conceptualized through a transdiagnostic construct. According to Ehring and colleagues (2011), a construct broader than worry or rumination might be considered as Repetitive Negative Thinking. Ehring notes three key characteristics of repetitive negative thinking: the thinking is repetitive; it is at least partly intrusive; and it is difficult to disengage from. Two additional features include: individuals perceive it as unproductive and it captures mental capacity. This working definition of these five features formed the basis for the initial development and validation of the Perseverative Thinking Questionnaire (Ehring, Zetsche, Weidacker, Wahl, Schönfeld, & Anke, 2011) which is intended to be a content-independent measure of RNT. The Perseverative Thinking Questionnaire includes 15 total items with three items for each of the assumed characteristics of repetitive negative thinking (repetitive, intrusive, difficult to disengage from, unproductive, and capturing mental capacity). The PTQ is designed to assess for a common process found not only in individuals with prominent worry (as seen in GAD) or rumination (as seen in depression) but also in other diagnoses such as obsessive compulsive disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder. In its current state, the PTQ remains largely untested, leaving its utility in the changing field questionable. The current study intended to assess the psychometric quality of the PTQ to ensure its usefulness as a potential diagnostic tool and as a reflection of Ehring’s model of RNT. The current study administered the PTQ to a large and diverse group of college students located at a Midwestern university. Additional measures were administered to assess the psychometric properties of the measure. Construct and convergent reliability were demonstrated through comparison between the PTQ and the other measures. Unexpectedly, the PTQ and Cognitive Avoidance Questionnaire demonstrated a positive correlation, suggesting the measures are tapping into similar constructs. The factor structure of the PTQ was of particular interest in the current study. Further assessment of the factors reportedly contained in the PTQ was valuable, not just to assess the quality of the measure, but also because doing so would provide support for or undermine the proposed definition and key characteristics believed to underlie the construct of repetitive negative thinking. In this study, a two factor model was best supported for the current data, through Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis. This finding prompts further consideration and research for the construct of repetitive negative thinking.