This thesis is a study of the use of the ars dictaminis (the art of letter-writing) in fourteenth and early fifteenth century England. It has three aims: firstly to examine the extent to which the ars was an integral and important part of professional administration, ecclesiastical and secular; secondly to describe the nature of eloquent epistolary composition and compare this to the traditional requirements of the ars; and thirdly to investigate in the context of the preceding discussion the relationship between medieval rhetoric, middle English literature and renaissance humanism. The well documented career of Gilbert Stone, an episcopal chancellor, is used to initiate a wider investigation into those of his secretarial contemporaries. There is no evidence in later medieval England of a highly self conscious secretarial profession nor of a cult of eloquence. Letter collections point however to the importance of form and style, and an examination of their contents suggests that the rules of the ars. and particularly of the cursus, were used, adapted and developed, sometimes in quite routine documents, but more especially in 'eloquent' letters of persuasion. The ars, it is argued, was more vibrant, flexible and appropriate to its context than later critics have imagined. The ars, notably through Thomas Hoccleve, exercised an influence on poetic form and style; and even in a case such as that of Chaucer where there was not such a strong direct influence, it is possible that the ars may be seen as part of a complex conditioning literary environment. Finally the professional-literary structure underlying the use of the ars provided a motive and a means for the introduction of humanism into England.

A pesquisa ter por objetivo analisar a escrita da história na Antigüidade Tardia à luz de dois dos mais importantes autores do período: Gregório de Tours e Isidoro de Sevilha. Desta forma, esperamos compreender as razões que levaram os autores a escolher o gênero histórico para narrar os acontecimentos que tomavam curso na Gália e na Hispânia. Defendemos que é só mediante a análise do papel outorgado pelos bispos aos francos e visigodos que é possível compreender efetivamente as intenções que motivaram a produção dos Decem Libri Historiarum e da Historia Gothorum, Wandalorum et Sueborum. / The objective of our research is analyze the writing of history in Late Antiquity in the light of the two most important authors of the period: Gregory of Tours and Isidore os Seville. Thereby, we aim to understand the reasons which made they choose the historical narrative gender to describe the events which took course in Gaul and Hispania. We advocate that it is only through the studing of the role awarded by the bishops to the Franks and Visigoths that is possible to appreciate the intentions which motivated the production of the Decem Libri Historiarum and the Historia Gothorum, Wandalorum et Sueborum.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-03-22Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:23:38Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_ecm_dr_fran.pdf: 3062689 bytes, checksum: 91c552b0f528b7396b9536c367712259 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O Levante das Estátuas tem sido visto como um dos maiores casos de sedição do século IV d.C. As documentações textuais do período são abundantes. Nós podemos ter notícias acerca dos acontecimentos deste conflito a partir de diferentes perspectivas e mediante múltiplos testemunhos antigos e também por meio da historiografia. Tradicionalmente, as documentações principais que nos fornecem as primeiras narrativas acerca dessa sedição são As Homilias sobre as Estátuas ao Povo de Antioquia, de João Crisóstomo, e As Orações sobre o ‘Levante das Estátuas’, de Libânio de Antioquia. Na presente pesquisa, nós iremos estudar o Levante das Estátuas do ponto de vista de João Crisóstomo e Libânio de Antioquia. Nosso objetivo é relacionar ambas essas perspectivas fazendo comparações e paralelos entre elas. A compreensão moderna acerca da relação entre as perspectivas de João Crisósotomo e Libânio de Antioquia sobre o Levante das Estátuas é, frequentemente, demonstrada em termos de uma oposição política desigual. A perspectiva de João Crisóstomo é, geralmente, imersa em um contexto no qual o cristianismo é dominante e a perspectiva de Libânio e inserida em um ambiente onde o paganismo já não exerce influência e poder. Essa Tese de Doutorado discorrerá sobre os escritos, ações e relações de João Crisóstomo e Libânio de Antioquia de modo que possamos argumentar que ambos eram influentes em espaços e círculos sociais específicos e o tema do Levante das Estátuas é um claro exemplo da autoridade comparável entre ambos os autores antigos. Nosso objetivo também é compreender as perspectivas de João Crisóstomo e Libânio em seu contexto original, ou seja, dentro do contexto do Império Romano, especialmente a partir do cenário da cidade de Antioquia de Orontes, no particular... / The ‘Riot of the Statues’ is seen as one of the major seditions in fourth century A.D. Primary sources about the theme are plentiful. We learn about its accounts from different perspectives and from multiple ancient testimonies and historiography. Traditionally, the main primary sources which give us a first narrative on the sedition are The Homilies on the Statues to the People of Antioch by John Chrysostom and The Orations upon The Riots of A.D. 387 by Libanius of Antioch. In the present research, we will study ‘The Riot of the Statues’ from the point of view of John Chrysostom and Libanius of Antioch. Our aim is to relate both perspectives making comparisons between them. Our modern understanding of the relationship between John Chrysostom and Libanius of Antioch’ analyses about ‘The Riot of the Statues’ is often posed in terms of an imbalanced political opposition. John Chrysostom’s point of view on the riot is often immerged in a Christianity prevailing context whereas Libanius’ lies in an environment in which Paganism is already lacking power and influence. This dissertation will explore the writings, actions and connections of John Chrysostom and Libanius with the purpose to show that both were influential in particular fronts, and that the subject of ‘The Riot of the Statues’ is one of the most clear examples of their comparable authority. We also intend to understand John Chrysostom and Libanius’ ideas about the riot in its original context, i.e., in the Later Roman Empire period, concerning especially the Antioch-on-the-Orontes city settings, in a particular sense, and in Late Antiquity, in a broader meaning, considering all the particular features of this specific riot and also its relationship to the group of fourth century Antiochenes conflicts... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Orientador: Margarida Maria de Carvalho / Banca: Renan Frighetto / Banca: Gilvan Ventura da Silva / Banca: Carlos Augusto Ribeiro Machado / Banca: Márcia Pereira da Silva / Resumo: O Levante das Estátuas tem sido visto como um dos maiores casos de sedição do século IV d.C. As documentações textuais do período são abundantes. Nós podemos ter notícias acerca dos acontecimentos deste conflito a partir de diferentes perspectivas e mediante múltiplos testemunhos antigos e também por meio da historiografia. Tradicionalmente, as documentações principais que nos fornecem as primeiras narrativas acerca dessa sedição são As Homilias sobre as Estátuas ao Povo de Antioquia, de João Crisóstomo, e As Orações sobre o 'Levante das Estátuas', de Libânio de Antioquia. Na presente pesquisa, nós iremos estudar o Levante das Estátuas do ponto de vista de João Crisóstomo e Libânio de Antioquia. Nosso objetivo é relacionar ambas essas perspectivas fazendo comparações e paralelos entre elas. A compreensão moderna acerca da relação entre as perspectivas de João Crisósotomo e Libânio de Antioquia sobre o Levante das Estátuas é, frequentemente, demonstrada em termos de uma oposição política desigual. A perspectiva de João Crisóstomo é, geralmente, imersa em um contexto no qual o cristianismo é dominante e a perspectiva de Libânio e inserida em um ambiente onde o paganismo já não exerce influência e poder. Essa Tese de Doutorado discorrerá sobre os escritos, ações e relações de João Crisóstomo e Libânio de Antioquia de modo que possamos argumentar que ambos eram influentes em espaços e círculos sociais específicos e o tema do Levante das Estátuas é um claro exemplo da autoridade comparável entre ambos os autores antigos. Nosso objetivo também é compreender as perspectivas de João Crisóstomo e Libânio em seu contexto original, ou seja, dentro do contexto do Império Romano, especialmente a partir do cenário da cidade de Antioquia de Orontes, no particular... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The 'Riot of the Statues' is seen as one of the major seditions in fourth century A.D. Primary sources about the theme are plentiful. We learn about its accounts from different perspectives and from multiple ancient testimonies and historiography. Traditionally, the main primary sources which give us a first narrative on the sedition are The Homilies on the Statues to the People of Antioch by John Chrysostom and The Orations upon The Riots of A.D. 387 by Libanius of Antioch. In the present research, we will study 'The Riot of the Statues' from the point of view of John Chrysostom and Libanius of Antioch. Our aim is to relate both perspectives making comparisons between them. Our modern understanding of the relationship between John Chrysostom and Libanius of Antioch' analyses about 'The Riot of the Statues' is often posed in terms of an imbalanced political opposition. John Chrysostom's point of view on the riot is often immerged in a Christianity prevailing context whereas Libanius' lies in an environment in which Paganism is already lacking power and influence. This dissertation will explore the writings, actions and connections of John Chrysostom and Libanius with the purpose to show that both were influential in particular fronts, and that the subject of 'The Riot of the Statues' is one of the most clear examples of their comparable authority. We also intend to understand John Chrysostom and Libanius' ideas about the riot in its original context, i.e., in the Later Roman Empire period, concerning especially the Antioch-on-the-Orontes city settings, in a particular sense, and in Late Antiquity, in a broader meaning, considering all the particular features of this specific riot and also its relationship to the group of fourth century Antiochenes conflicts... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

A pesquisa ter por objetivo analisar a escrita da história na Antigüidade Tardia à luz de dois dos mais importantes autores do período: Gregório de Tours e Isidoro de Sevilha. Desta forma, esperamos compreender as razões que levaram os autores a escolher o gênero histórico para narrar os acontecimentos que tomavam curso na Gália e na Hispânia. Defendemos que é só mediante a análise do papel outorgado pelos bispos aos francos e visigodos que é possível compreender efetivamente as intenções que motivaram a produção dos Decem Libri Historiarum e da Historia Gothorum, Wandalorum et Sueborum. / The objective of our research is analyze the writing of history in Late Antiquity in the light of the two most important authors of the period: Gregory of Tours and Isidore os Seville. Thereby, we aim to understand the reasons which made they choose the historical narrative gender to describe the events which took course in Gaul and Hispania. We advocate that it is only through the studing of the role awarded by the bishops to the Franks and Visigoths that is possible to appreciate the intentions which motivated the production of the Decem Libri Historiarum and the Historia Gothorum, Wandalorum et Sueborum.

李秀華. / 論文(博士)--香港中文大學藝術學部, 1998. / 附參考文獻. / 中英文摘要. / Available also through the Internet via Dissertations & theses @ Chinese University of Hong Kong. / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, MI : ProQuest Information and Learning Company, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Mode of access: World Wide Web. / Li Xiuhua. / Lun wen (Bo shi)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue yi shu xue bu, 1998. / Fu can kao wen xian. / Zhong Ying wen zhai yao.

Based on these fragments, this dissertation first makes an attempt to clarify the issues involving the Gu Wen Shang Shu that was discovered in the Kong's wall, as reported in various documents of the Han Dynasty. It then proceeds to discuss the characteristics and the origins of the "archaic scripts" in the Shuo-wen Jie-zi and the Stone Classics in Three Scripts of the Wei Dynasty, as these two texts and the script of Gu Wen Shang Shu are closely related. / Finally, by examining the discrepancies between the quotations of the Shang Shu in the Shuo-wen Jie-zi and the version of Ma Rong and Zheng Xuan, this dissertation constructs the argument that such discrepancies are perhaps the result of the interpretative replacement of characters which was, after all, a common method of teaching employed by gu wen scholars of the Eastern Han. / It further deals with the argument of the "li-shu" transliteration (li gu ding), and through a detailed analysis of the expressions and terms used in the text, it expounds the view that the li-shu transliteration of the Gu Wen Shang Shu was non-existent in the Han Dynasty, let alone a so called li-shu transliterated version. / Seeking to challenge this viewpoint, the author of this dissertation has made a close examination of the Gu Wen Shang Shu and has discovered that it was actually written in "li-shu", rather than in archaic script. Through a survey of relevant philological issues, the arguments are presented in this dissertation. / The controversy surrounding the opposition between the archaic and vernacular scripts (jin gu wen) of the Han Dynasty is one of the most complex issues in Chinese philology. Scholars have yet to come to a consensus on which script the Gu Wen Shang Shu (The Book of History Written in Archaic Script) was written. For a long time, a popular view has been that the difference between "jin wen" (vernacular script: li-shu) and "gu wen" (archaic script) lies in the types of script used, as the so-called Gu Wen Shang Shu is believed to have been written in archaic script. / The issue of script of Gu Wen Shang Shu has been a significant topic in Chinese philology. Moreover, the controversy over the archaic script and the contemporary script of the Han Dynasty is very much about the Shang Shu. An understanding of this issue is crucial in resolving problems confronting other archaic texts. / Though the original text of the Gu Wen Shang Shu is no longer extant, there are a few surviving fragments in the quotations of the Shang Shu in the Shuo-wen Jie-zi, the "archaic scripts" in the Stone Classics in Three Scripts (San-ti Shi-jing), the "li-shu" transliteration (li gu ding) of the Shang Shu and the quotations of the Gu Wen Shang Shu of Ma Bong and Zheng Xuan in the Jin-dian Shi-wen. / 蘇春暉. / 論文(哲學博士)--香港中文大學, 2007. / 參考文獻(p. i-xvi). / Adviser: Chan Hung Kan. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 69-01, Section: A, page: 0198. / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in Chinese and English. / School code: 1307. / Lun wen (zhe xue bo shi)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue, 2007. / Can kao wen xian (p. i-xvi). / Su Chunhui.

O presente trabalho tem o objetivo de discutir os processos de alfabetização e letramento, sustentando a hipótese de que as tradições populares da oralidade participam ativamente da aquisição da leitura e escrita alfabéticas. Investiga-se a oralidade, a história da escrita e da leitura, para discutir criticamente os modelos de letramento e propor que a oralidade poética seja considerada como um processo de escrita, que transcende a modalidade vocal, para incluir toda voz que não se designa sob o signo de uma economia escriturística, mas que partilha com ela a intenção de registro atemporal. Ao tomar a leitura e a escrita em sentido amplo, para além da materialidade do grafismo impresso sobre o papel, trazemos ao primeiro plano uma escrita que se assemelha às estruturas de memória e do psiquismo. Admitimos os processos de apropriação da linguagem sob uma perspectiva não desenvolvimentista, mas que considera tais processos desde sua inscrição primária na infância como fundadores de toda atividade linguageira da vida adulta, principalmente no campo da escrita. Trata-se de uma pesquisa teórica, que parte de observações de diagnósticos de memória oral e comentada em análises de cenas de leitura, manuscritos de alunos e da literatura literária. A partir de nossas reflexões e da discussão teórica, propomos uma concepção de oralidade e escrita que possa embasar os processos de alfabetização e letramento, principalmente de crianças que têm experimentado o fracasso nessas aprendizagens. / The present work aims at discussing the processes of literacy and lettering, sustaining the hypothesis that oral traditions perform an active role for the acquisition of alphabetic reading and writing. The investigation starts from studies of oral poetics, the history of reading and writing, to discuss some literacy myths. Also, it proposes that oral traditions should be considered a process of writing that transcends vocal modality to include all voice that does not designate itself under the sign of a scriptural economy, but which shares with it the intention of timeless register. Beyond the materiality of graphics printed on paper, this work is focused on a writing that resembles memory and psychic structures, which requires a subjective engagement of who reads and writes. The processes of language acquisition are admitted under a non-developmental perspective: it conceives that primary inscriptions in childhood as founders of all language related activity in adult life, mainly on the field of writing. It is a theoretical research that arouse from observations made in diagnosis of oral memory, and a thorough analysis of reading scenes, students manuscripts and literary literature. From these reflections and theoretical discussion, this research stresses a form of looking at orality and writing, aiming at promoting literacy and lettering process of children who have been experiencing failure to acquire alphabetic weading and writing.

O presente trabalho tem o objetivo de discutir os processos de alfabetização e letramento, sustentando a hipótese de que as tradições populares da oralidade participam ativamente da aquisição da leitura e escrita alfabéticas. Investiga-se a oralidade, a história da escrita e da leitura, para discutir criticamente os modelos de letramento e propor que a oralidade poética seja considerada como um processo de escrita, que transcende a modalidade vocal, para incluir toda voz que não se designa sob o signo de uma economia escriturística, mas que partilha com ela a intenção de registro atemporal. Ao tomar a leitura e a escrita em sentido amplo, para além da materialidade do grafismo impresso sobre o papel, trazemos ao primeiro plano uma escrita que se assemelha às estruturas de memória e do psiquismo. Admitimos os processos de apropriação da linguagem sob uma perspectiva não desenvolvimentista, mas que considera tais processos desde sua inscrição primária na infância como fundadores de toda atividade linguageira da vida adulta, principalmente no campo da escrita. Trata-se de uma pesquisa teórica, que parte de observações de diagnósticos de memória oral e comentada em análises de cenas de leitura, manuscritos de alunos e da literatura literária. A partir de nossas reflexões e da discussão teórica, propomos uma concepção de oralidade e escrita que possa embasar os processos de alfabetização e letramento, principalmente de crianças que têm experimentado o fracasso nessas aprendizagens. / The present work aims at discussing the processes of literacy and lettering, sustaining the hypothesis that oral traditions perform an active role for the acquisition of alphabetic reading and writing. The investigation starts from studies of oral poetics, the history of reading and writing, to discuss some literacy myths. Also, it proposes that oral traditions should be considered a process of writing that transcends vocal modality to include all voice that does not designate itself under the sign of a scriptural economy, but which shares with it the intention of timeless register. Beyond the materiality of graphics printed on paper, this work is focused on a writing that resembles memory and psychic structures, which requires a subjective engagement of who reads and writes. The processes of language acquisition are admitted under a non-developmental perspective: it conceives that primary inscriptions in childhood as founders of all language related activity in adult life, mainly on the field of writing. It is a theoretical research that arouse from observations made in diagnosis of oral memory, and a thorough analysis of reading scenes, students manuscripts and literary literature. From these reflections and theoretical discussion, this research stresses a form of looking at orality and writing, aiming at promoting literacy and lettering process of children who have been experiencing failure to acquire alphabetic weading and writing.