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Elementary teachers can help students develop a critical literacy lens and learn how to question, analyze, and challenge assumptions. In turn, this can develop an inclusive classroom. My teacher action research looks at how critical literacy impacts both me, the teacher, and my fifth-grade students, in a predominantly White suburban public school over a school year. I was interested in analyzing how my students experience the critical literacy curriculum. The research was guided by the following research questions: (1) On what topics did I and my students focus? (2) What was the nature of my students’ engagement? (3) What positions did my students take up? Data consist of my reflective journal entries, classroom discussions, student work, student surveys, semistructured interviews with students, and discussions with two teacher colleagues. The data was analyzed using three lenses: student and teacher focus, student nature of engagement, and student positionality. A high level of student engagement with the critical literacy work was seen throughout the year and community building was an important part of this work. The reading and writing workshop approach supported the critical literacy work in many ways, including allowing for text selection by students and teachers and giving students time to collaborate, question, research, and take action. Finally, there is a messiness to this work, for teachers and students, that needs to be acknowledged, as well as an expectation to learn from mistakes and to listen to and learn from each other. Developing a critical literacy lens is a lifelong endeavor. / Educational Leadership

Students are now required to show proficiency in writing through performance on standardized tests. Educators and researchers are looking for ways to improve persuasive and argumentative writing created by students. The writing content conference setting gives educators and students opportunities to discuss student writing in a one-on-one format in which students receive feedback. Ideally, this helps them to create multiple drafts of writing that improve with each revision. Many practitioner guides have been created that offer suggestions as to how conferences can be conducted and what types of interactions can theoretically occur. Few, however, have examined what actually happens during writing content conferences. Two case studies were conducted in an effort to describe with greater specificity key components of effective writing content conferences in a sixth-grade classroom. Students participated in five content conferences over a period of three months. Each conference was video recorded and later transcribed. The teacher-researcher describes the structured and predictable pattern in which students identified the purpose for the conference, examined a main issue of content with their teacher, and planned for future writing and future conference settings. Important issues of ownership also emerged. Effective conferences were student-directed and taken seriously by the students. The atmosphere of the conferences was safe and conducive to students taking risks. As young writers were encouraged to use their writing as means of expression for telling the stories of their lives, they often chose to write about socially taboo and thematically mature subjects. Future research should examine how workshop formats and writing content conferences affect student achievement in argumentative and informative writing.

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La présente thèse porte sur les ateliers d'écriture issus du « marché libre » (par opposition au marché institutionnel). Elle se propose d'étudier d'une part, les processus d'engagement à l'œuvre chez les participants au sein de deux ateliers d'écriture à Bordeaux, l'un ayant une visée plus spécifiquement d'insertion, et d'autre part, les processus de non engagement chez des personnes qui ne participent pas à l'un de ces ateliers. Pourquoi s'engage-t-on ou pas dans un atelier d‟écriture ? Les variables sociodémographiques sont-elles les seules à l'œuvre dans ces processus ? Comment ces processus d'engagement ou de non engagement se sont-ils mis en place chez le sujet? Que recouvre écrire dans ce contexte ?L'enjeu de cette recherche est donc de saisir dans leur singularité les raisons qui sont à l‟origine de ces processus en essayant de les comprendre à partir de 22 entretiens semi-directifs et en s'appuyant, entre autres, sur les travaux de Lahire, de Charlot, de Barré-de Miniac, de Dubet et de Mezirow. Ce travail est le résultat d‟une enquête à dominante qualitative menée entre 2010 et 2015. L'approche pluridisciplinaire convoque les sciences de l‟éducation, la sociologie et l‟anthropologie et inscrit la thèse dans le champ de la sociologie de l‟éducation. Pour mener à bien cette recherche, j'ai adopté un regard comparatif entre des participants et des non participants aux origines sociales variées (niveau scolaire, situation professionnelle, CSP des parents, pratiques d‟écriture,…). Après une analyse complexe, par une approche de ces enquêtés, de leurs diverses raisons d‟engagement ou de non engagement et à la lumière des variables sociodémographiques, cette étude amène à relativiser l'impact de ces variables sur ces processus et donne à voir quatre configurations avec des logiques d‟actions multiples : les « contourneurs », les « créatifs », les « conformistes » et les « rêveurs ». Ces configurations sont venues éclairer de manière explicite, la genèse de ces processus d‟engagement ou de non engagement dans un atelier d‟écriture. En outre, elles interrogent en filigrane, ce que l‟expression « atelier d‟écriture » représente pour ces enquêtés.Par ailleurs, de nombreux travaux sont unanimes pour présenter l‟atelier d‟écriture comme un dispositif capable d‟amener l'individu non seulement à oser écrire, mais aussi à mieux écrire. Cette recherche n‟échappe pas à ce postulat et va au-delà en examinant quatre parcours de participants, elle montre la manière dont ces derniers ont transformé profondément leurs schèmes de perception à l‟issue de cet atelier d‟écriture. / This research comes out as the result of an inquiry (based mostly on quality rather than on quantity criteria) and which I carried out from 2012 to 2015 in two different creative writing work groups in Bordeaux. My work relies on 22 semi-open interviews: I strove to understand how and why each interviewee developed or didn't develop some commitment process to the creative writing work activity. In that perspective I took on a comparative look at the people who joined in the creative writing work group and those who didn't. They all had different backgrounds –either by their school career paths, or their professional occupations or their parents' socio-economic categories or their writing habits –. Thanks to a new topic approach, the analysis of the interview data has led me to lighten up about the importance and impact of the socio demographic variables and allowed to put the interviewees down to four configuration types: the “Bypassers”, the “Creatives”, the Conformists and the Dreamers. Those configurations explicitly shed a new light on the commitment process or non-commitment to a creative writing work group process. Key words : creative writing work group, relation to writing practice, commitment, writing

On-line writing workshops provide educational spaces within which aspiring writers can learn their craft. In order to understand the dialogic mechanisms behind that learning, this thesis examines ways in which one workshop, the Internet Writing Workshop (IWW), functions as a Freireian culture circle. The exegesis identifies several key characteristics that defined Paulo Freire's concept of the culture circle. It compares these characteristics with the structure and practice of interaction within the IWW. It unpacks some of Freire's ideas about dialogue as a means of achieving critical consciousness, and compares them to current learning theory and the ways in which dialogue takes place within the IWW community. The exegesis also examines some of the political axioms behind Freire's pedagogy, and examines ways in which the IWW community might be viewed as emancipatory or liberatory. I examine these areas in light of the development of a novel, Suicide Girls. The second draft of this novel was influenced and informed by my participant-observation of the IWW. This working draft of the novel is provided as a process document to demonstrate findings made in the exegesis and is annotated to reflect relevant process and development issues.

Cette thèse de doctorat explore la problématique de la construction identitaire d'apprenants adultes plurilingues à travers leurs pratiques d'écrits dans une classe de français langue étrangère dans un centre universitaire d'études françaises. Cette étude, adoptant une approche ethno-sociolinguistique, touche les champs de la recherche en didactiques des langues et des cultures et en didactique de l'écriture en situation de contact. Elle vise à analyser comment les apprenants créent et manifestent leur pluralité à travers leurs écrits. Les apprenants sont considérés comme des acteurs sociaux qui utilisent leur répertoire pluriel et jouent de leur compétence plurilingue et pluriculturelle dans l'intention de se dire en tant qu'individus plurilingues. Leurs identités plurielles,dynamiques, ambivalentes, évoluent en fonction de la situation de communication et de ce qu'ils tentent de communiquer d'eux-mêmes. L'étude se base sur des interactions en classe enregistrées pendant deux semestres, les textes écrits par les apprenants et des entrevues semi-dirigées. L'analyse, portant sur le contenu et la forme des discours, met en lumière les représentations des apprenants sur leur plurilinguisme et leur apprentissage des langues, et les procédés scripturaires mis en place pour exprimer leurs identités. Une partie didactique conclusive propose des pistes de réflexion pour les enseignants. / This doctoral research examines the identity construction of adult plurilingual learnersthrough their literacy practices in a French as a Second Language class in a FrenchUniversity. This ethno-sociolinguistic study intersects the research fields of secondlanguage didactics and academic literacy in multilingual contexts. It analyzes howlearners create and express their multiple identities through their literacy practices.Learners are considered as social actors using their plurilingual resources to reveal theirmultiple identities. Identities are treated as fluid and ambivalent, changing over time,space and situations, and on what learners want to communicate about themselves. Thestudy is based on classroom interactions recorded over two university terms, textscreated by students and follow-up interviews. We use the tools of discourse analysis, oncontent and form, to show learners' representations on plurilingualism and languagelearning, and their writing process as a way to express their identities. The conclusionoffers a pedagogical discussion for teachers.

La greffe repose sur le don d’un organe qui, dans le cadre du don cadavérique, est issu d’un donateur qui n’a pas la conscience de donner. Le donneur et le receveur ne se connaitront jamais, et ce don prend le sens d’une réduction à la donation. Tout se passe comme si le donateur redonnait une chose dont il n’était pas propriétaire ; ce procès prend dès lors la forme d’un sacrifice ou redondance du don, au sens où celui qui a reçu redonne à son tour et sans retour. Il illustre également le concept d’hospitalité qui peut être mobilisé autant par le greffé, que par le soignant. Durant cet intervalle requis par la greffe, au sein de ce rituel symbolique et technique, le greffé est soumis à une réalité chaotique inconcevable et imprévisible. Ainsi, le mot peut manquer et l’écriture, par exemple, peut pallier cette carence, sous la forme d’ateliers ; expérience qui fut menée durant cette recherche et qui sera poursuivie. Sans s’opposer à la démarche des ateliers et outre l’avantage d’une mise en œuvre plus simple, le récit narratif s’est imposé pour trois raisons. - C’est une forme d’action, la plus élémentaire, la première possible après une longue période où toute action était devenue improbable. - C’est une façon de donner une cohérence au parcours subi et, même s’il s’agit d’une construction narrative, celle-ci participe à l’individuation du greffé, condition préalable pour envisager de nouvelles actions. - Enfin, ce récit peut être restitué au médecin qui a vécu l’acte de greffer, contrairement au malade. L’hypothèse est que cette hospitalité faite au récit permet d’une part, de renverser le schéma habituel – le soignant est dans la position de celui qui reçoit, non de celui qui donne –, d’autre part, de donner crédit au récit. Et, de proposer que la phase de réhabilitation, en rapport avec les actes thérapeutiques lourds, débute par ce type de récit où le malade parle et le soignant écoute, sans autre finalité, pour ce dernier, que d’accepter et de recevoir. / The transplant bases of the donation of an organ which, within the framework of the deathly donation, arises from a donor who is not conscious to give. The donor and recipient will never know each other, and this donation takes the senses of a reduction in the donation. It’s as if the donor gave a thing which he didn’t own ; this process takes from then on the form of a sacrifice or a redundancy of the donation, meaning that the one who received becomes the one to give, with no return expectations. It also illustrates the concept of hospitality which can be mobilized by the transplanted and the caregiver. During this interval required by the transplant, within this symbolic and technical rite, the transplante is subjected to an inconceivable and unpredictable chaotic reality.The transplanted can be wordless, and the writing, for example, can mitigate this deficiency, in the form of workshops. Such an experience was carried out during this research and will be pursued.Without opposing the approach of workshops and besides the advantage of a simpler implementation, the narrative was imperative for three reasons :- it is the first possible form of action after a long period of inactivity.- It helps the transplanted to give a coherence to the tranplantation. Even if it is narrative construction, it participates in the individuation of the transplanted, a precondition to envisage new actions.- Finally, this narrative can be restored to the doctor who experienced the act to tranplant, contrary to the sick person. The hypothesis is that this hospitality made for the narrative allows on one hand, to reverse the ususal plan – the caregiver is in the position of the one who receives, not of the one who gives - , on the other hand, to give credit to the narrative.And, to propose that the rehabilitation phase, related to the heavy therapeutic acts, begins with this type of narrative where the sick person speaks and the caregiver listen to, without no other purpose, for the latter, than to accept and receive.

Aujourd’hui, la pratique des ateliers d’écriture créative a véritablement sa place dans les classes du Français Langue Étrangère. Mais force est de constater que les activités proposées dans ces ateliers portent principalement sur les apprentissages linguistiques et culturels de la langue. Cette recherche doctorale met en place une modalité originale de mise en œuvre de la perspective actionnelle préconisée par le CECR. Elle propose de croiser les champs de la didactique des langues, de la didactique de la littérature et de la didactique de la production de l’écrit en FLE pour tenter de déterminer la spécificité et l’impact de la pratique des ateliers d’écriture littéraire dans la construction des compétences linguistique, interculturelle et esthétique. Lors de l’expérimentation, l’analyse de productions écrites littéraires réalisées vise à observer comment les apprenants du FLE, considérés comme des acteurs sociaux qui utilisent leur répertoire langagier et culturel, manifestent leur créativité littéraire. Nous avons porté notre attention sur les stratégies qu’ils adoptent en s’appropriant les consignes d’écriture proposées et sur leurs choix stylistiques, qu’ils soient empruntés ou originaux. Nous montrons que des savoir-faire linguistiques limités ne sont pas forcément un obstacle à la créativité, et que les tâches d’écriture littéraire impliquent pour tout apprenant un travail sur la langue dont le but est l’expression de soi, de sa vision du monde, de l’évolution de son rapport à la langue acquise, à sa biographie langagière, et à la communication humaine. Un chapitre didactique conclusif propose des pistes de réflexion pour l’élaboration d’un cours de production écrite créative. / Today, the practice of creative writing workshops has its place in the classrooms of French Foreign Language (FFL). But it is clear that the activities proposed in these workshops focus mainly on linguistic and cultural learning.This PhD research sets up an original implementation of the action-oriented approach advocated by the CEFR. It proposes to intersect the fields of language teaching, literature teaching and didactics of the production of written FFL, in order to determine the specificity and the impact of literary writing workshops on building linguistic, cross-cultural and aesthetic skills.Through the analysis of literary productions written during the experiment, the study aims to observe how learners of FFL, considered as social actors who use their linguistic and cultural repertoire, show their literary creativity.We focus our attention on the strategies they adopt when appropriating the proposed writing protocols, and on their stylistic choices, whether borrowed or original. We show that limited linguistic knowledge and expertise is not necessarily an obstacle to creativity, and that literary writing tasks urge every learner to work on the language with the purpose of self-expression of his worldview, of the evolution of his relationship to the target foreign language, of its linguistic biography, and of human communication.A concluding chapter offers exploring resources for a course in creative writing and for teacher training.

This applied dissertation was designed to determine the impact of direct writing conventions instruction on second grade writing mechanics mastery at an independent school in southeast Florida. The research study utilized a nonexperimental quantitative method. The design was pretest-posttest with a control. The pretest-posttest assessment was the Children’s Progress Academic Assessment. The score utilized in the analysis was the Phonics/Writing subtest. De-identified data were collected and analyzed from two separate second grade classes from two consecutive school years (i.e., 2011-2012, 2012-2013). The control group consisted of 43 second graders who received writing conventions instruction in the context of student writing during individual and small group conferences. The control group received no direct writing conventions instruction. The treatment group consisted of 39 second graders who received direct writing conventions instruction through the use of mini-lessons during the writing workshop. An analysis of the de-identified data revealed that, although the treatment group mean change score had a positive change greater than the control group change score, the change was not statistically significant. The researcher failed to reject the null hypothesis relative to a statistically significant difference between the two groups. Recommendations were made for future research.