The purpose of this study is to further examine the populist wave that has struck the West, with specific regards to France and Germany. The growing anti-immigrant sentiment, the discontent with “establishment” politics, and fear-mongering tactics has given rise to far-right political parties such as the National Front and the Alternative for Germany. These political parties prove threatening to the democratic institutions in place, for they wish to limit the liberties of those who seem too different. Through delving into the core values of these countries and specific events revolving around foreigners, I explain how xenophobic ideology has been allowed to permeate through France and Germany’s society and has increased the legitimacy of political leaders like Marine Le Pen and Frauke Petry.

Student Number : 8802461M - M Ed research report - School of Education - Faculty of Humanities / The main purpose of the study described in this report was to explore educators’ perceptions and their attitudes towards immigrant learners in their school and how those impact on them, at work and in their social lives. This study was both qualitative and quantitative in nature. Questionnaires were used as research instruments in this study and semi-structured interviews were also carried out with individual educators. The sample of the study constituted thirteen educators from a school in Gauteng. The school was chosen because of its situation and because it is a co-educational school in an area with many immigrants. Educators’ comments suggest that they are not adequately trained or prepared to deal with immigrants in their classroom. They perceived that they were not sufficiently equipped or informed with the policy of inclusion to accommodate immigrant learners. Further areas of concern expressed by educators include an inability to overcome the language barrier when dealing with the learners from outside South Africa, and a generalised lack of support by employers and superiors. From the results of this study, one can deduce that in general educators perceive immigrant learners as an additional burden to deal with in a classroom situation, which impacts negatively on their work performance.

Foreigners working locally increasingly find themselves the victims of xenophobic violence, justified by the assertion that they have a lesser right to employment in South Africa than its own citizens. Given that South Africa subscribes to a broadly cosmopolitan set of international agreements supporting a basic human right to work regardless of national or ethnic origin, the implication is that even within a cosmopolitan-like framework it must permissible for citizens to exercise special considerations toward one another, and especially in regard to employment. As demonstrated by Robert Goodin and others, this case is difficult to make if foreign residents are also expected to contribute to the social good which makes citizenship so instrumentally valuable. Given that associativist models for special obligations are problematic when applied to citizens, it is argued that foreigners enjoy the same right to work as any other residents.

Student Number 9705165A Master of Arts in Forced Migration Studies Faculty of Humanities / Objective: To identify and investigate barriers faced by Somali forced migrants when accessing health care in Johannesburg. In particular, the study seeks to compare perceptions of health personnel and migrants as to the nature of such access constraints. Design and Methods: The study made use of semi-structured and in-depth interviews with a snowball sample of health personnel and migrants. Ten health personnel were interviewed and twenty migrants (ten male and ten female). Results: Constraints of language and xenophobia were identified by both health personnel and forced migrant interviewed. Constraints related to the shortage of resources and the poor functioning of the referral system are experienced by all users of the public health system, irrespective of their nationality. No mention was made of traditional or allopathic medicine. Conclusions: There exists a gap between the access to health care guaranteed in the Refugees Act and practices at facility level. There are many similarities across interviews in the constraints identified by migrants and some agreement in the constraints identified by migrants and health personnel. These results confirm that migrants experience a fairly severe level of constraint when attempting to utilize formal health care services in Johannesburg.

Somali refugees living in South Africa are the most recent targets of xenophobic attacks in African townships across the country. However, who are these new immigrant entrepreneurs? This report presents material from research on Somalis living and working in small shops in Mayfair, Gauteng. From their various reasons for leaving Somalia, the report explored their experiences of settling into the host country. The study looked at the experiences and challenges they meet while in Johannesburg. The study considered also the reasons why Somali refugees seem to be the primary target of xenophobia in South Africa. The research was based on interviews that were conducted with Somali refugees. The study considered the livelihoods of Somalis living in Mayfair. It explored the issue of clans that divide the Somali community. It also explored how these refugees access their legal documentation, health care and education in the country of asylum. The Somali community seems to be united however due to different clans that are found here in Johannesburg the study showed that they are not homogeneous. Somali refugees experience so many challenges in trying to make a living. They come to South Africa for safety and protection only to find that their lives are in danger just as it is in Somalia. They mostly involve in informal sector and this has made them become primary target of crime especially in poverty stricken areas. Somali refugees work and live in informal settlements where they face a lot of hardships. Moreover, Somali refugees experience a host of challenges because they lack integration in the local community. The study also looked into the Refugee Act that stipulates that safety and basic services should be provided to all including refugees; however, in reality this has not been implemented because Somali refugees face a host of constraints in accessing those services.

A dissertation presented in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the Masters of Arts Degree in the Political studies Department, Faculty of Humanities at the University of the Witwatersrand , Johannesburg, March 2017 / The emergence of xenophobic violence is linked directly to the dissemination and development of certain ideas and perceptions. This paper will examine perceptions of xenophobic violence held by university students looking particularly at the University of the Witwatersrand. The research attempts to understand the perceptions and understandings of the university students, and how they conceptualize their individual perceptions in the context of university unrest and university transformation. These perceptions will be discussed and analysed through individual interviews in conjunction with questioners. Questions of perceived identity and the evolution of identity will be tackled in an aim to fully understand these perceptions. This focus on the tertiary institution serves to increase the analysis of xenophobic violence through the analysis of perception and debates. The dominant discourse around xenophobia is often focused on how the xenophobic attacks occurred and what drove the xenophobic attacks. However, there is limited focus on what drives xenophobia and the discourse that emerges in the xenophobic attacks. This paper will provide an analysis of this discourse to develop an understanding of the origins of xenophobic mentalities and the differing perceptions of foreign nationals held by university students. / XL2018

This thesis focuses on attitudes of the majority population against immigrants on the national level. In selected countries of the European Union, these attitudes are analysed with the goal of confirming causality between heterogeneous make-up of the population (in terms of proportion of foreign-born residents in the population) and the degree of xenophobia of the majority population. The work is based on the concept of contact hypothesis and assumes that the larger the relative size of the population of foreign-born residents is, the more positive the attitudes of the majority population are. Attitudes of the majority populations are studied on two levels. First, through the opinions of the European Social Survey 2014 respondents, and second, by the election results of populist radical right-wing parties, which are typically associated with firm anti-immigrant policies. While the levels of xenophobia expressed by the ESS respondents partially fits the expected model, the connection between results of relevant political parties and the percentage of foreign-born residents in the population was not proven. The contradictory results of both analyses are attributed to a so-called "modern racism". Keywords: xenophobia, immigration, radical right, contact hypothesis, Europe

A partir de 2004, quando o Exército Brasileiro foi para o Haiti, atendendo aos apelos da ONU e aos interesses diplomáticos e políticos internos, aquele país passou a ser um meio para o Brasil se posicionar no contexto das Relações Internacionais, atuando como pacificador em situações de conflito. Desde a chegada das tropas brasileiras ao Haiti, surgiu uma \'ponte\' entre os dois países, abrindo um caminho para os haitianos que não contemplavam nenhuma possibilidade de construção de uma vida digna em seu país migrarem para outro. O Brasil, para eles, tornava-se um destino, no movimento migratório, cheio de idealizadas afinidades culturais, com grande número de negros, festivo, receptivo e àquela época, aparentemente próspero. Apesar da ´ponte´ entre os dois países, os imigrantes, ao chegarem ao Brasil, não encontram nada que idealizaram previamente à sua saída. A cidade de São Paulo, a maior cidade da América Latina poderia ser, em tese, o destino perfeito, com grandes oportunidades de trabalho e uma vida digna Há inúmeras barreiras que esses imigrantes transpõem até chegar à metrópole. Na própria legislação brasileira, que normatiza a condição de imigrante, se verifica resquícios que impedem de atender aos princípios básicos dos Direitos Humanos. No cenário, o objetivo geral desta pesquisa é o registro do fato de como os imigrantes haitianos se relacionam com as características da Capital paulista e da cultura nacional, enfrentando toda ordem de dificuldades e sofrimento social que uma trajetória sem planejamento ou estudo pode oferecer a seus protagonistas. Para consolidar estes objetivos adota-se uma metodologia lastreada no método qualitativo de pesquisa, bem como a etnografia, que humaniza o presente trabalho científico, com relatos reais dos personagens que compõem este cenário. Por fim, em concatenação ao registrado, descreve-se o cenário atual deste fenômeno sociológico. / From 2004, when the Brazilian Army went to Haiti, in response to the appeals of the UN and to the internal diplomatic and political interests, that country became a means for Brazil to position itself in the context of International Relations, acting as a peacemaker in situations of conflict. Since the arrival of Brazilian troops in Haiti, a \"bridge\" has emerged between the two countries, opening a way for Haitians who did not contemplate any possibility of building a decent life in their country to migrate to another. Brazil, for them, became a destination in the migratory movement, full of idealized cultural affinities, with large numbers of blacks, festive, receptive and at that time, apparently prosperous. In spite of the \'point\' between the two countries, immigrants, when arriving in Brazil, find nothing they had idealized prior to their departure. The city of São Paulo, the largest city in Latin America could be, in theory, the perfect destination, with great work opportunities and a dignified life There are numerous barriers that these immigrants transpose until reaching the metropolis. In the Brazilian legislation itself, which regulates the status of immigrant, there are remnants that prevent compliance with the basic principles of Human Rights. In the scenario, the general objective of this research is to record the fact that Haitian immigrants are related to the characteristics of the capital of São Paulo and of the national culture, facing any order of difficulties and social suffering that a trajectory without planning or study can offer its protagonists. To consolidate these objectives, a methodology based on the qualitative method of research is adopted, as well as the ethnography, which humanizes the present scientific work, with real reports of the characters that make up this scenario. Finally, in concatenation to the registered, the current scenario of this sociological phenomenon is described.

Magister Artium - MA / This mini-thesis is a discourse analysis of the representations of black ‘foreigners’ in the media with reference to xenophobia. In this specific context, the study investigates and analyses the textual representations of black ‘foreigners’ in the Daily Sun, a South African tabloid newspaper during the period February 2008 till December 2008. For the theoretical and systematic framework, the study essentially combined critical discourse analysis (Van Dijk, 1993, Wodak, 2012) and the notion moral panics to explain the language used and subsequent impact of the media in shaping xenophobic attitudes (Goode and Ben-Yehuda, 1994). This investigation into the representations of black foreigners examines the media coverage of black African immigrant stories that appeared in the Daily Sun in the designated time period. A total of one hundred and twenty-four (124) news articles were selected from the files reserved at the South African National Archives in Cape Town. These data are extracts of news articles from the Daily Sun newspaper collected during the progress of the study. The main focus of this investigation is on how the Daily Sun portrayed and depicted black foreigners and the violence perpetuated again them. This study found that, on the one hand the Daily Sun, portrayed black foreigners as victims and on the other hand as aggressors or abusers of the social and legal system in South Africa. This ambiguity reflects the relationship between black foreigners and black local citizens. Black foreigners themselves are a diverse group and the Daily Sun depicts these nationalities in different, often stereotypical ways. This study contributes to our understanding of black African immigration to South Africa as well as the responses of local citizens to this process. By focusing on how representations of African immigrants are constructed in this specific South African tabloid newspaper, we are given insight into the xenophobic attitudes of many ordinary South Africans.

A cidade de Caxias do Sul (RS), formada pela imigração italiana no final do século XIX, tornou-se desde 2011 um novo destino imigratório para fluxos compostos principalmente de haitianos e senegaleses. A presente dissertação busca compreender os processos de inclusão dos imigrantes na cidade, enfocando o seu acesso aos serviços públicos e às políticas locais. Sob a perspectiva local, estuda-se questões complexas como xenofobia, racismo e políticas migratórias, em especial sua articulação concreta dentro de um contexto histórico e cultural específico. Considerando o campo das migrações como um espaço político de disputa, são analisadas as dinâmicas de interação entre os principais atores locais, com destaque para o protagonismo da sociedade civil e da CDHCS e para a não-política do poder Executivo municipal. / The city of Caxias do Sul (RS), founded by Italian immigration in the end of the XIX century, has since 2011 become a new immigrant destination for flows mainly composed by Haitians and Senegalese. This dissertation aims to understand the immigrant inclusion processes in the city, focusing on their access to public services and to local policies. Complex issues such as xenophobia, racism and migration policies are studied from the local perspective, and especially how these issues are concretely articulated within a specific historic and cultural context. Considering the field of migrations as a political dispute arena, the interaction dynamics between the main local actors are analysed, particularly the protagonism of the civil society and of the CDHCS and the non-policy of the municipal Executive power.