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Building out of recent scholarship that examines the way colonialism has altered Aboriginal peoples relationships with the land, this thesis employs the theories of historical anthropologist Marshall Sahlins, historical philosopher R.G. Collingwood, and historical consciousness with ethnohistorical methods to explore the ways Native people have worked to protect and regain their connections with certain places. In particular, it examines change and continuity in the ways that the Stó:lõ Coast Salish in South Western British Columbia have understood and continue to understand a place called I:yem, located four kilometres north of Yale in the Fraser Canyon. Following a historiographical chapter, two case studies are used to access past and present Stó:lõ understandings of I:yem. The first case study examines the 1938 erection of a memorial there (which incorporated and blended aspects of Roman Catholicism with an articulation of a distinct Stó:lõ identity and assertion of rights) to see how I:yem was understood at the time. The creation of the I:yem Memorial illuminates those aspects of Stó:lõ relationships with I:yem that were considered non-negotiable in the face of rapid change and conflict, namely the continued importance of fishing and ancestors. The second case study, based on oral interviews that I conducted during the joint University of Victoria/University of Saskatchewan Stó:lõ Ethnohistory Fieldschool in June 2007, focuses on the current significance of I:yem and its memorial. Today the Stó:lõ place a greater emphasis on the importance of re-establishing personal connections with the Fraser Canyon in general, rather than in identifying those specific aspects of the relationships that are collectively and communally non-negotiable and in need of being preserved. Over the past seventy years the Aboriginal people of the Fraser Canyon and Valley have employed innovative means to regain and preserve attachments to their places. This thesis explores these processes, fundamentally demonstrating the importance Stó:lõ people attribute to maintaining relationships with place in the face of change.

Building out of recent scholarship that examines the way colonialism has altered Aboriginal peoples relationships with the land, this thesis employs the theories of historical anthropologist Marshall Sahlins, historical philosopher R.G. Collingwood, and historical consciousness with ethnohistorical methods to explore the ways Native people have worked to protect and regain their connections with certain places. In particular, it examines change and continuity in the ways that the Stó:lõ Coast Salish in South Western British Columbia have understood and continue to understand a place called I:yem, located four kilometres north of Yale in the Fraser Canyon. Following a historiographical chapter, two case studies are used to access past and present Stó:lõ understandings of I:yem. The first case study examines the 1938 erection of a memorial there (which incorporated and blended aspects of Roman Catholicism with an articulation of a distinct Stó:lõ identity and assertion of rights) to see how I:yem was understood at the time. The creation of the I:yem Memorial illuminates those aspects of Stó:lõ relationships with I:yem that were considered non-negotiable in the face of rapid change and conflict, namely the continued importance of fishing and ancestors. The second case study, based on oral interviews that I conducted during the joint University of Victoria/University of Saskatchewan Stó:lõ Ethnohistory Fieldschool in June 2007, focuses on the current significance of I:yem and its memorial. Today the Stó:lõ place a greater emphasis on the importance of re-establishing personal connections with the Fraser Canyon in general, rather than in identifying those specific aspects of the relationships that are collectively and communally non-negotiable and in need of being preserved. Over the past seventy years the Aboriginal people of the Fraser Canyon and Valley have employed innovative means to regain and preserve attachments to their places. This thesis explores these processes, fundamentally demonstrating the importance Stó:lõ people attribute to maintaining relationships with place in the face of change.

The purpose of this project is to study the risk of cataract development in patients who had undergone pars plana vitrectomy, scleral buckle, or both. A retrospective study was performed of phakic patients who underwent pars plana vitrectomy, scleral buckle, or both at Yale University Eye Center from 1998 to 2005. Mild postoperative cataract, defined as a change in severity of 1+, developed in 32 of 53 (60%) eyes following vitrectomy, 2 of 19 (11%) post scleral buckle, and 14 of 16 (88%) after both. Moderate postoperative cataract, defined as a change in severity of 2+, developed in 14 of 53 (26%) eyes post vitrectomy, 1 of 19 (5%) post scleral buckle, and 11 of 16 (69%) after both procedures. In eyes that underwent vitrectomy, a lens change of at least 2+ occurred in 8% at 3 months, 15% at 6 months, 21% at 12 months, and 26% at 36 months. In eyes status post scleral buckle surgery, one eye (5%) experienced a 2+ change at 36 months. In eyes that underwent both vitrectomy and scleral buckle, a lens change of at least 2+ occurred in 44% at 3 months, 50% at 6 months, 63% at 12 months, and 69% at 36 months. Cataract extraction surgery was performed in 15% of eyes post vitrectomy, 0% post scleral buckling, and 50% after both. The most common type of cataract to develop was nuclear sclerotic, which accounted for 61% of cataracts after vitrectomy, 50% after scleral buckling, and 50% after combined vitrectomy and scleral buckling. Scleral buckling surgery is associated with a low risk of cataract formation. Pars plana vitrectomy and combined vitrectomy and buckle have a higher risk of cataract development.

Thesis (Ed.D.)--Teachers Colloge, Columbia University, 1992. / Includes tables. Typescript; issued also on microfilm. Sponsor: Jack Mezirow. Dissertation Committee: Elizabeth Kassl. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 338-355).

Thesis (M.D.) - Yale University, 1991. / Title from PDF t.p. (viewed June 15, 2005). Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Chicago, Dept. of Art History, March 2003. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available on the Internet.

This diploma thesis presents description on several algorithms for decision trees induction and software RapidMiner. The first part of the thesis deals with partition and terminology of decision trees. There’re described all algorithms for decision tree construction in RapidMiner. The second part deals with implementation and comparison of chosen algorithms. The application was developed in C++. Based on the real datesets the comparisson of different algorithms was realized using Rapid Miner 4.0.

Die Zwangsstörung ist durch sehr verschiedenartige Symptome charakterisiert. Diese Symptomheterogenität stellt Herausforderungen für die psychologische Diagnostik dar. Die Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) gilt als der Goldstandard bei der Messung von Zwangssymptomen. Mittels einer großen Stichprobe von Zwangspatienten hatte diese Arbeit drei Ziele zur Weiterentwicklungen psychometrischer Methoden: Erstens wurden die Messmodelle von Zwangssymptomen evaluiert und verbessert. Dabei fand eine umfassende Überarbeitung statt, wobei Bayesianische Messmodelle genutzt wurden. Zweitens wurde getestet, ob die Messeigenschaften der Y-BOCS über die Zeit und für weitere klinische relevante Variablen konstant sind. In einer breit angelegten Messinvarianzanalyse wurden nur wenige Verletzungen der Messinvarianz gefunden. Falls solche vorliegen, werden Gruppenvergleiche verzerrt und eventuell falsche Schlussfolgerungen gezogen. Für diese Situationen wurde drittens eine Erweiterung partieller Messinvarianzmodelle entwickelt und angewendet. Partielle Messinvarianzmodelle ermöglichen valide Gruppenvergleiche auch dann, wenn Messinvarianz nur für einige wenige Items hält. Es wurde eine Methode zur Modellmittelung entwickelt, die die Unsicherheit berücksichtigt, die in der Auswahl von Items für partielle Messinvarianz liegt. Das entwickelte Bayesianische Verfahren macht Analyseentscheidungen komplett sichtbar und damit diskutierbar. Die vorgelegten Studien dienen der Weiterentwicklung psychometrischer Analysen in der klinischen Diagnostik im Allgemeinen und stärken die Validität der Messung durch die Y-BOCS im Besonderen. Klinische Studien können vertrauenswürdige Ergebnisse nur aufbauend auf soliden Messverfahren erzielen. Außerdem werden weitere neuere Entwicklungen in der psychometrischen Theorie im Hinblick auf ihren Nutzen in der klinischen Diagnostik und dem Verständnis der Zwangsstörung diskutiert. / Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is characterized by heterogeneous symptoms. Like for many clinical phenomena, this heterogeneity in symptoms poses challenges to psychological assessment. The Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) has developed into a gold standard within the past three decades. Using a large sample of patients suffering from OCD, we worked towards three goals in order to advance psychometric methods: First, evaluating and improving the measurement models associated with OCD symptoms by means of an exhaustive overhaul and the usage of Bayesian measurement modeling. Second, to test whether the Y-BOCS' measurement properties are stable across time and other features relevant to clinical research. In a broad analysis of measurement invariance (MI), we found only few instances where MI did not hold. Under such circumstances, group comparisons may be biased and conclusions could be misleading. For such situations, we thirdly derived and applied a procedure extending partial MI modeling. In partial MI models, group comparisons are still valid, even if MI holds only for a few items. We developed a model averaging approach that appropriately reflects the uncertainty stemming from choosing items for partial MI models. The developed Bayesian procedure makes decisions made during the analysis fully transparent and thus open to discussion. The presented studies form a research program that advances psychometrical analyses in clinical assessment and increases the validity of the assessment of OCD by means of the Y-BOCS. Clinical trials require such sound measurements in order to provide trustworthy conclusions. Furthermore, we discuss other recent advances in the field of psychometry and their usability for clinical research as a whole and the understanding of OCD specifically.

This investigation examined the ability of the self-reported Veterans Specific Activity Questionnaire (VSAQ) and the Yale Physical Activity Survey (YPAS) to predict an individual’s performance on a timed walking assessment. Twenty subjects 65 years of age and older (73.5 ± 4.8) volunteered for the study. There were 13 women and nine men. Subjects participated in an individual interview in which the VSAQ and the YPAS were administered. The subjects then participated in a timed 25 meter walking test (16.5 ± 2.5). The 25 meter walking test was given twice and the times for each individual was averaged. Descriptive analysis of the YPAS demonstrated that the predominant reported level of energy expenditure was used for work activities (50% ± 18.4). The least amount of calories for the entire group was expended in caretaking with a mean percentage of 3.3% (± 6.1). Exercise was the second highest calorie expending category with 21.9% (± 14.0) of total calories. However, recreational activities were a close third with a mean of 17% (± 19.0). Yard work represented 7.8% (± 7.8) of total calories. The mean score for the VSAQ was 7.4 (± 3.4). The regression analysis demonstrated that age, gender, and VSAQ score were significant predictors of physical performance on the walking test (p<0.05) (Time= -1.78 +0.274 Age +2.22 Gender - 0.366 VSAQ). The r-squared value for this was 62.5%. Performance time was significantly predicted by adding the selected values from the YPAS (exercise and work) and the value from the VSAQ (Time= 18.5 - 0.566 VSAQ +0.0568 %Exer + 0.0350 %Work). The r-squared value for this was 52.6%. There was also a significant correlation (p<0.05) between age, time, and performance (r²=0.5). Therefore, the VSAQ appears to be an alternative assessment tool for physical activity in this selected elderly population. / Master of Science