This study proposed that the perceived quality of the custodial grandparent/grandchild relationship in step families will not be interrupted by the parental separation and remarriage and that the determinants of the quality of this relationship would be similar to that associated with the grandchild/grandparent relationship in intact families. The research by Shoire and Hayslip (1988) who studied grandparenting indicates that four variables are significant in this perceived relationship (in order of magnitude): kinship position (maternal versus paternal), grand parenting style, parent/grandparent bond, and influence the grandparent has on the grandchild. There same four variables were proposed to predict the perceived quality of the custodial grandparent/grandchild relationship in step families. Grandparenting style, as defined bu Shore and Hayslip (1988), is comprises of three variables, parentlike behaviors provided, services provided, and visitation patterns. To have a continuous rather than nominal value for grandparenting style and to determine which aspect of grandparenting style is most important, these three variables, parentlike behaviors, services, and visitation were used in place of grandparenting style. Therefore, this study proposed that the following variables would predict perceived quality of the custodial grandparent/grandchild relationship: kinship position,parentlike behaviors provided, services provided, visitation patterns, parent/grandparent bond, and influence the grandparent has on the grandchild. Second, this study proposed that while some variables that predict the perceived custodial stepgrandparent/stepgrandchild relationship would correspond to the variables that predict the perceived custodial grandparent/grandchild relationship, some different variables would be important in predicting the perceived quality of the custodial stepgrandchild/stepgrandparent relationship.

Bakgrund: Inflammatorisk tarmsjukdom är en grupp av autoimmuna sjukdomar som idag är ett globalt folkhälsoproblem och ökar i hela världen. Ulcerös kolit och Crohns sjukdom är de två huvudsakliga typerna. Symtomsbördan är stor och kan begränsa det sociala livet samtidigt som stigmatisering och känslor av skam är förekommande. Syfte: Syftet var att belysa unga vuxnas erfarenheter av att leva med inflammatorisk tarmsjukdom. Metod: Studien var en allmän litteraturstudie som omfattade nio vetenskapliga artiklar som bearbetades i en induktiv ansats. Resultat: De unga vuxnas erfarenheter av att leva med IBD sammanställdes i tre huvudkategorier; ”Erfarenheter av psykosocial påverkan”, ”Erfarenheter av behandlingen för inflammatorisk tarmsjukdom” och ”Erfarenheter av stöttning från vård- och omsorgspersonal”. Konklusion: Unga vuxna med inflammatorisk tarmsjukdom upplevde symtombesvär som gav upphov till känslor av kontrollöshet, skam och begränsningar i vardagen. Erfarenheter av läkemedelsbehandlingarna innehöll upplevelser av otillräcklig effekt, information och efterföljdsamhet. Behandlingen med stomi upplevdes vara symtomlindrande men hade en psykisk påverkan initialt. Informationsgivning och stöttning från hälso- och sjukvården var bristande. Litteraturstudien bidrar till en ökad förståelse för dessa erfarenheter och behov hos de unga vuxna med inflammatorisk tarmsjukdom. / Background: Inflammatory bowel disease is a group of autoimmune diseases and is today a public health problem that is increasing worldwide. The primary types: Ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease both affect the gastrointestinal tract. The symptoms can limit social life, stigmatization and feelings of shame are also common. Aim: The aim of this study is to describe young adults experiences of living with inflammatory bowel disease. Method: This study was a general literature study which includes nine scientific articles that were processed with an inductive approach. Results: The young adults experiences of living with inflammatory bowel disease were compiled into three categories; “Experiences of psychosocial influence”, “Experiences of the treatment for inflammatory bowel disease” and “Experiences of support from health care professionals”. Conclusion: Young adults with inflammatory bowel disease experienced symptom distress that gave rise to feelings of lack of control, shame and limitations in everyday life. Experiences of the drug treatments included feelings of insufficient effect, information and compliance. Stoma as a non-pharmacological treatment relieved symptoms but had a psychological impact. Experiences from the healthcare system included lack of information and support. This literature study contributes to the increased understanding of needs to young adults with inflammatory bowel disease.

British speculative fiction writer, Diana Wynne Jones, has published over forty books for middle school to adult readers, and her work continues to receive many awards for its creativity and high quality. Jones is a prolific and talented writer who has contributed to and influenced speculative fiction. She uses magical contexts to comment on social situations in what she sees as an essentially non-magical world. Whether she is being humorous, drawing upon myths and legends, or using fantasy or science fiction, Jones reflects the contemporary unpredictable adolescent mind. Jones's unusual childhood has influenced her writing, and a brief biography of Jones's life provides insight into her work—why certain themes have greater interest to her over others. Recurring themes in her books include alienation, empowerment, and identification. Through often convoluted plots, she encourages her readers to think for themselves. From her stories, readers learn to appreciate and accept the complexity and inexplicability of life. While her themes are consistent, her work varies. Some of her work is humorous, some is based on myths, some leans more towards science fiction than fantasy, and some seems more like fantasy than science fiction. Despite this diversity, Jones consistently seeks to learn from her own work by questioning basic assumptions and endeavors to contribute wisdom to her readers through her fiction. Jones uses myth and the heroic ideal to encourage readers to question their motives and recognize the empowerment that comes from self-sacrifice.

This thesis is a young adult fictional novel from the perspective of Rachel Jackson, or Rae, a seventeen year-old girl with Williams Syndrome, a rare developmental disorder caused by missing genes on chromosome 7 that causes those with it to lack logical connections, yet possess very gregarious, social, and musical personalities. Think of it as an inverted form of autism. At the genesis of the novel, Rae becomes pregnant. Upon misunderstanding her mother's sugar-coated reasoning for giving the baby up for adoption, Rae spends the novel trying to find a man to marry so that, in her understanding, she may keep her child. Along her journey, Rae meets Theo, a well-meaning Christian boy, who appears to be a possible match. Rae falls in love with Theo and gets into various kinds of trouble as she discovers how to take care of herself as well as how to accept herself, disorder and all. Along with her hardworking mother, her feisty grandmother, and her sassy little sister, Rae endeavors this bildungsroman to discover who she is and how she fits into society.

Current scholarship in literacy education underscores the inefficacy of standardized education in public schools, particularly for minority students. At the same time, a longstanding lack of understanding between the various culture groups that live in the United States often results in minority groups that are either stereotyped, misunderstood, or viewed as Other. Both of these issues can be traced to the literature that students read in school, which focuses on "classic" literature—often synonymous with "white" literature—that excludes minority narratives. While minorities struggle more with "academic literacy" (the ability to read and write in an active, reflective manner), there is also a pressing need to educate all students in "cultural literacy," or a knowledge of and appreciation for difference in worldview, culture, and opinion. One possible solution is a more effective implementation of multiethnic young adult literature in the classroom. Careful consideration of specific cultural texts can help minority students connect positively with literature, increasing student engagement with academics. Providing educators, librarians, and parents with a framework for selecting literature that begins to address this issue is a critical first step in empowering minority students with emotional and intellectual development as well as providing mainstream students with alternative perspectives that establish common ground, develop social awareness, and reduce stereotyping across groups. This thesis examines literacy and education studies to develop criteria and rationales for selecting books that appeal not only to minorities, but to readers from outside those groups. These criteria provide useful guidelines for educators and librarians in selecting multicultural novels for young adults that (1) act as "mirrors" of relatability to boost self-esteem and foster a love of reading in minority youth, and (2) provide "windows" into other cultures that promote greater cross-cultural respect and understanding. After setting up a theoretical framework that lays out the challenges and benefits to this approach as well as criteria for selecting these novels, this paper provides analyses of several books that meet these criteria as well as a booklist of additional titles. Addressing these issues within the context of young adult literature is crucial to the development of self-assertive, productive adults who value themselves and the different individuals that they interact with on a daily basis; on the other hand, failure to address these issues early perpetuates a cycle of marginalization and distrust that is difficult to break in the adult world.

Idag står barnmorskor för 80 procent av förskrivningen av antikonception och 74 procent av kvinnor i 19 årsåldern har vid något tillfälle använt antikonception. Upprepade undersökningar tyder på att unga personer sexdebuterar tidigare, har fler sexpartners och samtidigt blir sämre på att använda skydd. På grund av detta är unga personer i behov av individanpassade och väl fungerande antikonception. För att som barnmorska kunna möta detta behov behövs kunskap om vilka faktorer som påverkar unga kvinnors i sitt val av antikonception. Mot bakgrund av detta finns ett intresse av att sammanställa den befintliga forskningen. Syftet var att belysa vilka faktorer som påverkar kvinnliga ungdomar och unga vuxnas val av antikonception.  Val av metod var en allmän litteraturöversikt med induktiv ansats som bearbetades via en integrerad analysmetod. Datainsamlingen skedde via databaserna PubMed och CINAHL under februari 2023. Artiklarna kvalitetsgranskades genom Caldwells kvalitetsgranskningsmall och sammanställdes i en artikelmatris. Genom numrering och färgkodning identifierades kategorier.  Det inkluderades sexton artiklar varav fem kvalitativa och elva kvantitativa. Resultatet sammanställdes under två huvudkategorier och fem subkategorier. Faktorer som påverkade unga kvinnor när de valde antikonception var metodens effektivitet, dess önskvärda egenskaper samt biverkningar och farhågor de hade om metoden. Mötet med hälso- och sjukvården samt kvinnans familj, vänner och hennes relationsstatus influerade även hennes val.   Slutsatsen var att unga kvinnor har olika prioriteringar när de väljer antikonception. Många kvinnor använder en metod vars egenskaper ej stämmer överens med deras individuella önskemål. Detta tyder på att hälso- och sjukvården brister i informationsöverföringen. Barnmorskan har ett ansvar gentemot unga kvinnor att stödja dem i att uppnå reproduktiv och sexuell hälsa. Vidare forskning om hur unga personer upplever antikonceptionsrådgivningen med barnmorskor hade varit av intresse. Detta skulle kunna resultera i kunskap om vilket stöd de unga personerna är i behov av under rådgivningen. / Today, midwives account for 80 percent of prescriptions of anticonception and 74 percent of women aged 19 have at some point used anticonception. Repeated surveys indicate that young people make their sex debut earlier, have more sex partners and at the same time are becoming worse at using protection. Because of this, young people are in need of individually adapted and well-functioning anticonception. In order for a midwife to be able to meet this need, knowledge is needed about the factors that influence young women's choice of contraception. Against this background, there is an interest in compiling the existing research. The aim is to shed light on which factors influence female adolescents and young adults' choice of contraception. The choice of method was a general literature review with an inductive approach that was processed via an integrated analysis method. The data collection took place via the databases PubMed and CINAHL during February 2023. The articles were quality-reviewed through Caldwell's quality review template and compiled in an article matrix. Through numbering and color-coding categories were identified. The study included sixteen articles, five qualitative and eleven quantitative. The results were compiled under two main categories and five subcategories. Factors influencing young women when choosing an anticonception method were the method's effectiveness, its desirable characteristics and side effects and concerns they had about the method. The meeting with the healthcare personnel as well as the woman's family, friends and her relationship status also influenced her choice. The conclusion was that young women have different priorities when choosing contraception. Many women use a method whose characteristics do not match their individual wishes. This indicates that the healthcare system is lacking in information transfer. The midwife has a responsibility towards young women to support them in achieving reproductive and sexual health. Further research on how young people experience anticonception counseling with midwives would have been of interest. This could result in knowledge of what support the young people need during counseling.

No description available.

Physical activity (PA) has numerous benefits for cancer survivors, but limited research exists on PA interventions in young adult cancer survivors. Outdoor adventure therapy is a potential method of increasing PA in this demographic. The primary purpose of this non-randomized parallel group study was to determine whether the outdoor adventure camp experience (vs. wait list control) would increase participants’ PA levels immediately following the 7-day camp, as well as three months later. Secondary aims examined correlates of greater PA, including pre-post camp changes in sedentary behavior, exercise self-efficacy, environmental change self-efficacy, perceived barriers to exercise, physical activity enjoyment, and physical activity variety. Sixty-six control and 50 intervention participants were given validated quantitative questionnaires at baseline, 1 week (end of camp) and at the 3-month follow-up. Repeated measures multivariate analysis of variance (RMANOVA) was used to compare group changes over time. Using intent to treat analysis, adjusting for age, gender, age at diagnosis, and baseline minutes of PA per week, there was a significant difference (p=.0001) in minutes of PA per week between groups at both 1 week and 3 months. Bonferroni adjusted post-hoc analysis indicated that, relative to baseline, the intervention group had significantly (p=.0001) greater increases in PA at both 1 week (577 minutes vs. 9 minute increases) and 3 month follow-ups (133 minute increases vs. 75 minute decreases; p=.001) respectively. Significant intervention-related improvements were also observed in TV viewing hours/week (p=.001), hours sitting/week (p=.001), “Excuses” score of the Perceived Barriers to PA questionnaire (p=.04), Enjoyment of Structured Activities (p=.04), and PA Variety (p=.0001) at 1 week but not at the 3 month follow-up. No significant effects were observed for changes in exercise self-efficacy, environmental change self-efficacy, or the other subscales scores. In conclusion, outdoor adventure therapy has the potential to increase PA levels in cancer survivors both immediately following camp, as well as long-term. However, effects tend to wane after camp termination. Future research should explore the relationship between correlates of PA and PA levels in outdoor adventure therapy camp participants and methods to promote sustained PA after camp termination.

There is a wealth of literature on people who participate in community instrumental ensembles. Studies exist regarding demographics, educational level, socio-economic status, music education experience, and musical self-identities of community music participants. Far less study focuses on young adults who were successful in high school programs but chose not to continue playing in a community instrumental ensemble group after the end of formal schooling. Traditional assumptions about their reasons—job and family for example—need to be examined. Attribution Theory, which provides a means of analyzing motivation for choices as well as perceived attributions for success or failure, was the theoretical framework of this research, with focus group interviews as the main procedural methodology. The geographic area of the study was limited to the greater Los Angeles area of southern California. Music education literature is replete with references to building skills and values for lifelong participation in music, whether in performance, in listening, or in engaging with music in other ways. This study will offer insight into why many young adults who were once in high school music choose not to continue in instrumental music performance beyond their high school years. I anticipate that this research may lead to better understanding of issues in young adult stages of life as they relate to choices about non-participation in community instrumental ensembles. This research suggests ways in which school music education can facilitate lifelong engagement with music, and will suggest how community ensembles might make changes that will broaden participation by a greater number of young adults after they leave school.

This dissertation is an exploration of trauma in the secondary English classroom. It examines what trauma is and the ways in which English classrooms can center healing through rhizomatic explorations of fiction in order to reassemble experiences with trauma and create hope. The heart of this work is a young adult novel embodying a rhizomatic exploration of trauma. In exploring trauma in fiction in a rhizomatic epistemology, the novel uses multiple genres and non-linear storytelling to examine the roots of trauma that are nomadic and non-binary. This writing to heal invites teachers and students to follow the rhizomatic roots necessary for their own healing and allows teachers to think differently about the purpose of the English classroom and what healing-centered practices can look like.