Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T16:52:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-12-18Bitstream added on 2015-05-14T16:59:39Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000825122.pdf: 776844 bytes, checksum: 261f2a887ddf8e8256de556a59d0f7fd (MD5) / O atual protagonismo de jovens do gênero masculino em atos violentos tem sido verificado em diversos estudos e levantamentos que indicam esses sujeitos como principais vítimas e autores de tais atos; sobretudo, nas camadas mais excluídas da população. Embora esses dados não demonstrem nenhuma novidade aparente, a relação entre masculinidades e a violência ainda é pouco problematizada e consequentemente permanece naturalizada, fazendo com que as discussões em torno dos aspectos que podem estar envolvidos nessa relação sejam limitadas. Desse modo, esta pesquisa tem como objetivo descrever o processo de construção de masculinidades e suas interfaces com a violência, com base em narrativas de vida de jovens do gênero masculino, autores de atos infracionais. Para isso, foram entrevistados quatro jovens com idades entre 16 e 18 anos que cumpriam ou já haviam cumprido medidas socioeducativas dentro de uma instituição socioassistencial localizada num município do interior do estado de São Paulo. As entrevistas narrativas, com duração em média entre 30 e 60 minutos, foram gravadas em áudio e posteriormente transcritas. As análises foram feitas com base na concepção de narrativa de Mikhail Bakhtin e Jerome Bruner, e em outros autores que destacam, dentro de uma perspectiva dialógica, as produções narrativas como fontes de discursos capazes de desvelar processos de subjetivação; outro parâmetro analítico foram os estudos sobre masculinidades. Com isso, os resultados sugerem que a relação entre masculinidades e violência se faz presente mais enquanto uma crença do que um fato realmente consumado. Apesar da intensa convivência com a violência, em suas diversas facetas, e com o lugar de um determinado modo de ser homem, baseado na força, na agressividade e na racionalidade, ao longo de suas vidas, as narrativas puderam apontar outros modos de subjetivação que não se conectam... / The current protagonism of male gender youths in violent acts have been verified in several studies and appointments that lead them as the main victms and authors of such acts, especially at the underprivileged sections of society. Although this data is not apparently surprising the relation between masculinity and violence has not been focused and, therefore, still be naturalized limiting all discussions concerning this issue. In this way, this survey aims at describing the construction process of masculinities and its interface with violence, taking into account narratives from youths who had commited an offense. For this, we interviewed four teenagers (aged varied from 14 to 16 years old) who had been sent or had already spent time at a young offenders’ institution, located in a city in the countryside of São Paulo State. Their narratives took between thirty to sixty minutes and were recorded and then transcribed. The analises were conducted based on the narrative conceptions of Mikhail Bakhtin, Jerome Bruner and other authors who highlight, from a dialogic perspective, narrative productions as sources of discourses which uncover subjetivation processes as well as in studies about masculinities. The results suggest that the relation between masculinities and violence is more of a belief than a fait accompli. In spite of being extremely exposed to violence and its variations, and performing a certain expected way to be man, based on strength, aggressiveness and rationality all over their lives, the narratives pointed out other modes of subjetivation not necessarily connected to being violent, despite of this notion still be present in their discourses about life, the others and himself

Masters of Art / Since the abolition of apartheid, levels of political violence in South Africa have dropped dramatically. However, violent conflicts in the communities are at high levels and are of grave concern. This development is far from the expectations of South Africans in the fading days of apartheid. Democracy was embraced as a cure to the conflicts that plagued South African communities in the apartheid era. Yet events after twelve years of democracy have proved this optimism premature. The purpose of this study was to examine why conflicts are increasing instead of decreasing in the democratic era of South Africa. It also examined the effects of conflicts on youth and the community as a whole. / South Africa

Magister Psychologiae - MPsych / Violent crime has proven to have profound negative effects, particularly on those living within communities where violence is a dominant feature. The victims often tend to be adolescents, who, while striving for a better future, are often quite vulnerable to its effects. The present study addresses this important social phenomenon which faces the youth of South Africa. There is a growing need to understand the manner in which the ever-increasing exposure of adolescents living in communities which have high rates of violence affects its victims as well as determine those factors which could provide resiliency against those devastating effects. Moreover, this study focuses on adolescents’ sense of hope as a resiliency factor. The purpose of this research study was to ascertain adolescents' understanding of and the meaning they give to exposure to community violence and the extent to which that exposure affects their sense of hope. In this qualitative study, data was collected by means of two, one hour focus groups comprising a total of 14 participants, 14-15 years of age, residing in a community with high rates of violence. The format of the discussion was semi-structured and conducted in English. Various theories were used in order to better describe the information, such as the social learning theory, feminist theory and Bronfenbrenner’s ecological model, but the epistemological framework utilized was social constructionism. Ethical principles such as confidentiality and obtaining informed consent were strictly adhered to. The information received from the participants was analyzed using Braun and Clarke's (2006) thematic analysis and presented in two thematic categories with corresponding themes discussed accordingly. / South Africa

In previous research, community violence exposure has been found to be directly associated with poor academic functioning. Further, internalizing and externalizing problems have been identified as significant mediators of poor academic functioning in children who have witnessed or experienced community violence. This study reports an investigation of the direct and mediated links between community violence exposure and academic functioning in adolescents. A sample of 1,552 adolescents was selected from a public-use dataset from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (AddHealth). Measures of socioeconomic status, cognitive ability, community violence exposure, internalizing behavior problems, externalizing behavior problems, and academic functioning were constructed from variables in the AddHealth dataset and analyzed using structural equation modeling. Multi-group comparisons were conducted to compare the direct and mediating models by gender and level of urbanicity. Analyses suggest that community violence exposure is directly associated with poor academic outcomes, even after controlling for cognitive ability and socioeconomic status. The direct model applied equally well to adolescents across level of urbanicity, but did not apply equally well to males and females. Support was no! found for !he meditation model.

This study explores recidivism rates of gang-related adolescents newly enrolled in the Project BRIDGE (Building Resources for the Intervention and Deterrence of Gang Engagement) Program. The goal of this project is to reduce the incidence of youth gang violence, gang membership, and gang related activities in the city of Riverside, California.

Thesis (D. Min.)--Colgate Rochester Divinity School, Bexley Hall, Crozer Theological Seminary, 2001. / Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 83-85).

Thesis (D. Min.)--Colgate Rochester Divinity School, Bexley Hall, Crozer Theological Seminary, 2001. / Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 83-85).

Thesis (D. Min.)--Colgate Rochester Divinity School, Bexley Hall, Crozer Theological Seminary, 2001. / Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 83-85).

梁麗儀. / 論文(碩士) -- 香港中文大學硏究院社會學學部, 1998. / 參考文獻: leaves 176-193. / 中英文摘要. / Liang Liyi. / Chapter 第一章 --- 緒論 / Chapter (一) --- 硏究背景及目標 --- p.2-9 / Chapter (二) --- 槪念釐定 --- p.9-12 / Chapter (三) --- 硏究方法 --- p.12-14 / Chapter (四) --- 內容安排 --- p.14-15 / Chapter 第二章 --- 文獻省覽 / Chapter (一) --- 朋黨硏究發展 --- p.17-22 / Chapter (二) --- 朋黨之定義 --- p.22-26 / Chapter (三) --- 朋黨暴力行爲硏究槪覽 --- p.26-35 / Chapter (四) --- 總結 --- p.35-36 / Chapter 第三章 --- 分析架構 / Chapter (一) --- 何謂次文化 --- p.37-38 / Chapter (二) --- 次文化理論與越軌行爲 --- p.38-41 / Chapter (三) --- 次文化與越軌行爲關係之分析 --- p.41-45 / Chapter 第四章 --- 大埔區社區及朋黨資料簡介 / Chapter (一) --- 大埔區整體資料簡介 --- p.46-51 / Chapter (二) --- 主要硏究之屋村及其組群特色簡介 --- p.51-54 / Chapter (三) --- 硏究小組簡介 --- p.55-62 / Chapter 第五章 --- 大埔區組群之朋黨暴力使用類型 / Chapter (一) --- 「高頻度一高程度暴力」 型 --- p.65-67 / Chapter (二) --- 「高頻度一低程度暴力」 型 --- p.67-69 / Chapter (三) --- 「低頻度一高程度暴力」 型 --- p.69-71 / Chapter (四) --- 「低頻度一低程度暴力」 型 --- p.71-74 / Chapter 第六章 --- 次文化類型之劃分及其特色 / Chapter (一) --- 組群次文化類型之釐定 --- p.75-77 / Chapter (二) --- 各類型次文化類型之特色 / Chapter 2.1 --- 暴力價値觀 --- p.77-82 / Chapter 2.2 --- 小組規範 --- p.83-86 / Chapter 2.3 --- 結構層面 --- p.86-88 / Chapter (三) --- 小結 --- p.88 / Chapter 第七章 --- 組群次文化對朋黨暴力使用模式之影響 / Chapter (一) --- 槪念釐定 --- p.89-91 / Chapter (二) --- 次文化對朋黨暴力使用模式之影響 / Chapter 2.1 --- 「黑社會次文化」 --- p.91-94 / Chapter 2.2 --- 「朋圈次文化」 --- p.94-96 / Chapter 2.3 --- 「仿黑社會次文化」 --- p.96-99 / Chapter 2.4 --- 「交誼小組次文化」 --- p.99-101 / Chapter (三) --- 總結 --- p.101-110 / Chapter 第八章 --- 理論回應 / Chapter (一) --- 前人闡釋朋黨暴力行爲理論之評估 --- p.111-124 / Chapter (二) --- 影響朋黨暴力使用之三個次文化因素 --- p.124-126 / Chapter (三) --- 朋黨暴力使用類型分類 --- p.126-127 / Chapter (四) --- 次文化分類 --- p.127-128 / Chapter (五) --- 次文化影響朋黨暴力使用之過程 --- p.128-131 / Chapter (六) --- 小結 / Chapter 第九章 --- 總結 / Chapter (一) --- 硏究限制 --- p.132-134 / Chapter (二) --- 於服務上之啓示 --- p.134-141 / Chapter (三) --- 總結 --- p.141 / 附件一附表 --- p.142-146 / 附件二附圖 --- p.147-161 / 附件三硏究個案一覽表 --- p.162-165 / 參考書目 --- p.166-193

University of Macau / Faculty of Social Sciences / Department of Sociology