Un nombre croissant d’applications telles que le micro-usinage ou le diagnostique de composants électroniques nécessitent de fortes puissances moyennes dans différentes gammes de longueurs d’onde (infra-rouge à 1030 nm, vert à 515 nm ou ultra-violet à 343 nm). Ces fortes puissances moyennes lasers ne sont généralement atteignables qu’à l’aide d’architecture laser de type MOPA (Master Oscillator Power Amplifier). C’est dans cette optique que la société Eolite Systems veut développer ses propres oscillateurs car elle maitrise déjà l’amplification à l’aide de fibres de type barreau à large aire modale. Le développement d’oscillateurs picosecondes de fortes puissances moyennes est ainsi une brique essentielle dans la chaîne d’amplification globale. Dans le cadre d’un contrat CIFRE entre Eolite Systems et le Laboratoire Onde et Matière d’Aquitaine de l’Universitéde Bordeaux 1, nous avons développé différents laser dont la puissance moyenne est supérieure à 10W, à une cadence de 74 MHz. La durée des impulsions générées s’étend de 20 ps à 130 fs. Le fonctionnement de ces différents lasers repose sur l’utilisation de la rotation non-linéaire de polarisation dans la fibre optique qui, dans le régime de fonctionnement à dispersion normale, permet d’atteindre le verrouillage en phase des modes et ainsi la génération d’impulsions d’énergie de l’ordre de 150nJ. Nous avons développé un code de simulation numérique afin de rendre compte de la dynamique des impulsions dans la cavité. Les résultats obtenus à l’aide de ce code sont en bon accord avec ceux obtenus lors des différentes expériences. / A growing number of applications such as micro-machining of electronical components need high average power in a various range of wavelengths (infrared at 1030 nm, green at 515 nm and ultravioletat 343 nm). These high average power lasers are generally design using a MOPA (MasterOscillator Power Amplifier) scheme. Following this idea, Eolite systems wants to develop its own oscillators since it already masters the different difficulties when trying to reach high average power,especially by using rod-type fibers with a large mode area. The development of high power picosecondfiber oscillators is a essential piece in the global amplification scheme. In the frame of a CIFRE contract between Eolite Systems and the Laboratoire Onde et Matière d’Aquitaine of the Universitéde Bordeaux 1 we have developed different laser oscillators with an average power of more than10 W at a repetition rate of 74 MHz. The pulse duration generated is ranging from 20 ps down to130 fs. The pulsed regime was initiated using non-linear polarization evolution in the fiber and in anormal dispersion laser cavity. This lead to the generation of pulse energies in the range of 150 nJ for the different architectures. We also developed a numerical code in ordre to fully understand the influence of the different elements in the laser cavity. The results are in good agreement with those obtained with the experimental setup.

Ce travail de thèse concerne l’élaboration et la caractérisation structurale de couches minces d’oxyde d’étain dopées avec des terres rares ainsi que l’étude de leurs propriétés de photoluminescence. Les couches sont dopées avec du cérium, du terbium ou de l’ytterbium. Les films sont élaborés par évaporation sous vide d’une poudre de SnO2 sur un substrat de silicium monocristallin, et nécessitent un recuit post-dépôt à 600°C à l’air pour cristalliser en phase SnO2 de type rutile. Dans une première partie du travail a consisté caractériser le matériau non dopé. La caractérisation microstructurale a révélé qu’une oxydation du substrat conduisant à une réaction entre l’oxyde d’étain et le silicium avait lieu, conduisant à une microstructure complexe. Afin de limiter les interactions chimiques, des substrats recouverts de silice thermique ont également été utilisées. Les films non dopés présentent des propriétés de luminescence, mise en évidence et discutées en lien avec la microstructure. Pour les films dopés, l’étude structurale a mis en évidence la cristallisation d’une seconde phase de SnO2 de type orthorhombique. Une étude approfondie en STEM-EELS a permis de localiser les ions de terre rare dans la couche. Enfin les propriétés de luminescence des terres rares ont été étudiées en fonction de leur concentration dans le film et de la température de recuit. Après des recuits à 700°C, les couches dopées au Tb émettent intensément dans le vert à température ambiante, ce qui pourrait être intéressant pour le développement de diodes vertes à base de SnO2 / This thesis concerns the structural characterization and the photoluminescence properties of tin oxide thin films doped with rare earths. The films are doped with cerium, terbium and ytterbium. The films were obtained by evaporation of SnO2 on silicon substrates. The as-deposited films were sub-stoichiometric and the films were then annealed in air at 600°C to reach rutile phase. The microstructural study reveals a substrate oxidation leading to a chemical reaction between tin oxide and silicon, and a complex microstructure. To limit the chemical interaction during annealing, silicon substrate coated with thermal silica were used. Undoped films show a broad luminescent band, which is discussed and linked with the microstructure. On the other hand, the structural study of doped films demonstrated the crystallization of a second phase of SnO2, which is orthorhombic. A STEM-EELS study allow to localize the rare earths ions in the films. Finally, the luminescence properties of the rare earths were study with respect to their concentration and the temperature of annealing. After annealing at 700°C, the Tb-doped films emit intensively in the green region, which might be of interest for the development of SnO2-based green light emitting diodes

De nombreux capteurs optiques, tels que les LIDARS, nécessitent des sources laser à la fois puissantes et spectralement fines. Dans ce contexte, l'objectif de ce projet est la réalisation de sources laser impulsionnelles intégrées, dont les caractéristiques spectrale et temporelle atteignent la limite théorique prédite par la théorie de Fourier. Pour ce faire, nous proposons une structure laser de type DFB avec un fonctionnement déclenché. La technologie de l'échange d'ions est retenue pour réaliser des guides d'onde amplificateurs dans un verre phosphate dopé ytterbium. La cavité DFB est ensuite constituée par gravure d'un réseau de Bragg à la surface des guides amplificateurs. Le comportement impulsionnel est obtenu par dépôt, sur la structure précédente, d'une couche mince d'acétate de cellulose dopée avec l'absorbant saturable BDN. Cette structure nous a permis d'obtenir des lasers impulsionnels monomodes longitudinaux dont les caractéristiques spectrales atteignent la limite de Fourier. Une étude en concentration d'absorbant saturable du superstrat montrent une variation de la durée des impulsions de 2,5 ns à 100 ns avec des puissances crêtes respectives de 30 W et 14 W. Nous parvenons donc à des spectres de largeur à mi-hauteur de valeur 9 MHz. Ces résultats ouvrent la voie à la réalisation de sources laser compactes pour les lidars embarqués. / Various optical sensors, such as LIDARs, need laser sources both powerful and narrow-linewidth. In this context, the aim of this project is the realization of integrated pulsed laser sources with a Fourier Transform Limited (FTL) spectrum. To do so, we propose a passively Q-switched DFB laser structure. Ion-exchange technology is used to realize amplifier waveguides on Ytterbium-doped phosphate glass. The DFB cavity is made by dry etching of a Bragg grating on the waveguides surface. The Q-Switched behavior is obtained by depositing a BDN-doped cellulose acetate coating layer, acting as a saturable absorber. This structure allowed us obtaining FTL single-frequency pulsed lasers. When studying the impact of BDN concentration, we observe pulses ranging from 2,5 ns with 40 W peak power, to 100 ns with 14 W peak power. Thus, our device FWHM linewidth goes down to 9 MHz. These results pave the way for the realisation of compact laser sources for embedded lidar systems.

Le nombre croissant d’applications des sources lasers de puissance favorise le développement de solutions techniques innovantes afin d’atteindre des performances inédites. Pour y parvenir, la technologie des lasers solides bénéficie des progrès considérables réalisés pour l’intégration et la montée en puissance des diodes lasers utilisées pour le pompage. Les milieux à gain doivent alors permettre une conversion efficace du rayonnement de pompage en rayonnement laser tout en limitant les phénomènes thermiques et les effets induits par la puissance crête. Au cours de cette thèse, nous proposons d’étudier deux concepts différents afin de dépasser les principaux écueils des systèmes émettant dans le proche infrarouge (1 µm). Dans le cadre d’une collaboration regroupant le Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie des Matériaux Luminescents, le Laboratoire Charles Fabry de l’Institut d’Optique et l’entreprise Fibercryst, nous avons développé et caractérisé des fibres cristallines dopées Ytterbium élaborées par la technique de croissance micro-pulling down. Cette géométrie combinant les propriétés des cristaux massifs et les avantages des fibres en verre nous a permis d’obtenir des performances laser prometteuses pour la réalisation de systèmes alliant forte énergie, forte puissance moyenne et forte puissance crête. La seconde partie de ce travail de thèse est consacrée à l’étude du concept de pompage direct de cristaux dopés Néodyme dans les niveaux émetteurs. Cette voie, permettant de réduire à l’extrême l’échauffement dans le milieu, est fortement prometteuse pour l’amélioration des performances des systèmes laser utilisant des cristaux dopés Néodyme / The development of innovative technical solutions in high power laser systems is supported by the increasing number of applications. For their realization, solid-state lasers benefit from considerable progress in the integration and the power scaling of high-brightness laser diodes used as pump sources. Gain medium must guaranty an efficient conversion of pump radiation in laser radiation while also preventing the generation of deleterious thermal phenomena and while limiting effects induced by high peak power. In this thesis, two different concepts were studied in order to overcome the major pitfalls of systems emitting in the near infrared (1 µm). The first part of this work was realized in collaboration with the Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie des Matériaux Luminescents and the company Fibercryst. We have developed and characterized Ytterbium doped crystal fibers elaborated by the micro-pulling down growing technique. This geometry combines the properties of bulk crystals and the advantages of doped fibers. We achieved promising laser performance for the realization of systems of high energy, high average power and high peak power. The second part of this thesis is devoted to studying the concept of direct in-band pumping of Neodymium doped crystals. Thanks to drastic reduction of heating processes inside the laser medium, this solution could allow power scaling of lasers systems based on Neodymium doped gain media

Dans le système YbMn6Ge6-xSnx, l’ytterbium de valence intermédiaire (v.i.) s’ordonne magnétiquement à des températures étonnamment élevées (jusqu’à TYb~125 K). Ce travail contribue à une meilleure compréhension des propriétés physiques de ces alliages grâce à la stabilisation de nouveaux composés dans la gamme de concentration 4,6<x<5,3. Des expériences extrêmement sensibles utilisant le rayonnement synchrotron (XANES, XMCD) ont permis de situer l’instabilité magnétique d’Yb vers x~5 ,2. Le diagramme de phase magnétique (x,T) a pu être complété. Il montre une étroite ressemblance avec le diagramme de Doniach. Dans les systèmes classiques à base d’Yb v.i., les propriétés physiques sont interprétées dans le cadre d’une compétition entre effet Kondo et interactions RKKY. La particularité du système YbMn6Ge6-xSnx est la présence d’un sous-réseau magnétique de Mn qui est très probablement à l’origine des propriétés singulières d’Yb : TYb élevées et existence de mYb jusqu’à des valeurs de valence plus basse qu’à l’accoutumée (u>~2,8). Des expériences sous pression ont souligné l’analogie entre les effets de pression mécanique et chimique. L’augmentation de pression favorise le caractère trivalent et le magnétisme d’Yb. La 2nde partie de ce travail constitue une ouverture vers les matériaux pour les applications magnétocaloriques haute température telles que les pompes à chaleur ou la conversion d’énergie. Elle concerne l’étude des composés Mn4-xFexGa2Sn et Fe3Sn2 qui possèdent des températures de travail supérieures à la température ambiante. Leur EMC est modéré mais comparable à celui d’autres matériaux à transition de 2nd ordre fonctionnant dans la même gamme de température / In the YbMn6Ge6-xSnx system, intermediate valent Yb magnetically orders at an astonishingly high temperature (up to TYb~125 K). This work aims to improve the understanding of the physical properties of these compounds, with an emphasis on the concentration range 4.6<x<5.3. Some results have been obtained thanks to highly sensitive experimental techniques using synchrotron radiation (XANES, XMCD), and allowed us to locate the Yb magnetic instability near x~5.2. The magnetic phase diagram (x,T) has been completed and shows some similarities with the Doniach diagram. In conventional intermediate valent Yb systems, there is a competition between the Kondo screening and the magnetic exchange interactions of RKKY-type. The particularity of YbMn6Ge6-xSnx compounds is related to the strong 3d Mn-5d Yb exchange interaction and to the nonzero exchange field at the Yb site generated by the magnetic Mn sublattice. It is most likely responsible of very unusual Yb magnetic properties, in particular the astonishingly high magnetic ordering temperatures of low valence Yb (u>~2,8). External pressure experiments showed an analogy between mechanical and chemical pressure effects. Increasing the pressure favors trivalent state and Yb magnetism. In a second part, we investigated the magnetic and magnetocaloric properties of Mn4-xFexGa2Sn and Fe3Sn2. High temperature magnetocaloric applications, such as heat pump or heat conversion, need materials with high Curie temperature. These two compounds have working temperatures above 330 K. The magnetocaloric effect has been evaluated : the magnitude is moderate but close to other compounds with a second order transition near this temperature region.

L’objectif de cette thèse est l’élaboration de sondes à base de lanthanide pour la microscopie optique biphotonique. Cette technique d’imagerie complémentaire à l’IRM et au scanner permet une analyse rapide et facile de tissus épais. Afin de permettre l’observation en profondeur, l’absorption et l’émission de la sonde doit se situer dans la zone de transparence biologique [700 – 1200 nm]. L’absorption à deux photons (ADP) est un phénomène d’optique linéaire de troisième ordre par lequel l’état excité est atteint par absorption simultanée de deux photons. De fait, l’excitation à énergie moitié se situe dans la zone de transparence biologique. Les sondes envisagées combineraient les propriétés optiques uniques des lanthanides, telles que des bandes d’émission très étroites allant du visible à l’infrarouge et des durées de vie de luminescence longues, et les avantages de l’ADP, permettant une excitation dans l’IR et une résolution tridimensionnelle. Dans ce contexte, cette thèse décrit l’élaboration de complexes d’europium et d’ytterbium à ligands macrocycliques stables en milieu aqueux et dont la luminescence peut être sensibilisée à deux photons. Ces complexes ont permis l’imagerie de la vascularisation de cerveaux de souris par microscopie biphotonique dans le proche infrarouge. La seconde approche consiste à encapsuler un complexe luminescent dans des nanoparticules desilice formées par la technique sol-gel (collaboration A. Ibanez, institut Néel, Grenoble) afin de protéger le complexe du milieu biologique. Enfin la dernière approche consiste à greffer des complexes de lanthanides à la surface d’une particule de silice par chimie organométallique de surface. Ces travaux ont conduit à la formation de nano-objet très brillants dans le rouge et le proche infrarouge, détectables à l’échelle de l’objet unique par microscopie à deux photons. / Two Photon Scanning Laser Microscopy (TPSLM) has evolved as an emerging bio-imaging technique widely used in academic research and in medical diagnosis. This technique requires the design of bioprobes specially optimized for such purpose. A particular attention is actually devoted bio-probes featuring both two-photon absorption (TPA) and emission in the near infra-red (NIR) spectral range [700 – 1200 nm], also called biological window that is particularly promising for thick tissues imaging. In this context, europium complexes emitting in the red (615 nm) has been recently sensitized by two photon antenna effect and used for TPSLM in cells combining the advantages of lanthanide emission (sharp line and long lived) and those of TPA. Based on this preliminary results, this thesis describe the design of europium and ytterbium complexes which have an improved stability in water and good emission properties sensitized by TPA. Theses complexes allow the imaging of mice’s brain vascularisation in the NIR. An another approach to stabilize lanthanide complexes was also used by encapsulating theses fluorophores in silica nanoparticle (collaboration with A. Ibanez, Institut Néel, Grenoble). Then the last approach consists on the grafting of the chromophores on silica sphere using surface organometallic chemistry methods. The nanoparticles obtained by both way are really luminescent in the red or infrared and can be imaged as single nanoparticle by TPSLM.

Thesis (MSc (Physics))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009. / The role fulfilled by theoretical models is rapidly increasing due to lasers becoming appli- cation driven to satisfy certain criteria and demands. Construction of high precision lasers requires good theoretical models and consequently good approximations of the parameters that such models are based upon. Despite the di erent model formalisms, most share a com- mon set of input parameters, including fibre waveguiding properties, input powers, transition cross-sections and overlaps between guided modes and the dopand distribution. Experimental and numerical work which was aimed at obtaining the wide-band emission and absorption cross-sections of fibre indirectly by means of the Giles parameters was done. The Giles parameters were used rather than the well known ionic cross-sections primarily because of the convenient encapsulation of the cumbersome overlap factors and the ionic cross-sections within the Giles parameters. The wide band spectral characteristics of the Giles parameters are indispensable in the design of fibre lasers and amplifiers, as they form the key parameters for laser models. These parameters are normally obtained utilizing absorption spectroscopy to obtain the absorption cross-sections and models such as the Fuchtbauer Ladenberg relation, the Mc- Cumber relation or uorescence spectroscopy to obtain the emission cross-sections. Recent research however indicates that these methods are inaccurate in certain spectral regions. An investigation was launched to extract the Giles parameters from measurements of the ampli- fied spontaneous emission (ASE) and pump absorption in ytterbium-doped fibre for several lengths of fibre and subsequent computer simulations, utilizing an ampli fier model. The Giles parameters are extracted with a fitting algorithm that adjusts the relevant numerical values to minimize the least square difference between the numerical data obtained from the amplifier model and the measured data. Using the model devised in this project on literature data, the Giles parameters were extracted and compared to the Giles parameters extracted in literature on the same data. This comparison conforms the extraction of the Giles parameters, utilizing the model devised in this project, as successful. Subsequently the model devised in this project was applied to extract the Giles parameters from experimental data measured at Stellenbosch, using a double cladding ytterbium-doped fibre. Finally a fibre laser was built utilizing the double cladding ytterbium-doped fibre and the output was measured. The Giles parameters extracted were then used in a fibre laser model to calculate the output and compare it to the measurements taken. This served as suffcient verification that the Giles parameters extracted can be used to model a fibre laser effciently.

Lasers sintonizáveis ao redor de 2,3 &#956;m são interessantes para várias áreas, como detecção de gases, sensoriamento remoto e aplicações médicas. O túlio é o principal sistema entre os lasers de terras-raras com essa emissão e pode ser bombeado diretamente ou por meio de um sensibilizador como o itérbio. Neste trabalho, apresenta-se a obtenção de um laser de Yb:Tm:YLF com emissão de 620 mW em 2,3 &#956;m bombeado em 960 nm por diodo-laser de 20 W do tipo barra em regime quase-contínuo. Investiga-se o bombeamento de um cristal de Tm:YLF em 685 nm e obtém-se de forma inédita um laser de Yb:Tm:YLF bombeado simultaneamente em 685 e 960 nm. Demonstra-se teórica e experimentamente sua maior eficiência em relação ao bombeamento apenas por 960 nm. Por meio de simulações numéricas e soluções analíticas, mostra-se a melhor relação de potência de bombeamento de cada comprimento de onda para se otimizar o laser. / Tunable lasers emitting around 2.3 &#956;m region are important in many areas, like gas detection, remote sensing and medical applications. Thulium has a large emission spectra around 2.3 &#956;m with demonstrated tuning range of 2.2-2.45 &#956;m using the YLF host. For efficient pump absorption, a high concentration sensitizer like ytterbium can be used. We demonstrate quasi-cw operation of the Yb:Tm:YLF laser, pumped at 960 nm with a 20 W diode bar achieving the highest output power reported so far of 620 mW. Simultaneous pumping of the 2.3mm Yb:Tm:YLF laser at 685 nm and 960 nm is demonstrated, showing higher slope efficiency than 960 nm alone. Numerical simulations and analytical models show the best ratio of pump power between both wavelengths.

Orientadora: Telma Teresinha Berchielli / Banca: Izabelle Auxiliadora Molina de Almeida Teixeira / Banca: Paulo Henrique Moura Dian / Resumo: Os objetivos foram avaliar diferentes formas de dosagem de indicadores (infusão contínua 24h, e duas doses diária de indicador) e verificar sua precisão e acurácia para estimativa do fluxo duodenal de matéria seca (MS), consumo de concentrado, consumo de volumoso, produção fecal e digestibilidade aparente da MS em bovinos. No experimento 1, seis animais receberam os indicadores Cr-EDTA e YbCl3 através de uma bomba de infusão contínua, via fístula ruminal durante seis dias de adaptação nos dois períodos de 17 dias, enquanto os outros seis animais receberam os mesmos indicadores em duas dosagens diárias (8h e às 19h). No experimento 2, doze animais receberam os indicadores Cr-EDTA, YbCl3, LIPE®LÍQUIDO, FDNi e FDAi, em duas doses diárias que foram utilizados nas estimativas do fluxo duodenal de matéria seca (MS) pelo método de único e duplo indicador. Os indicadores TiO2 e LIPE®LÍQUIDO foram utilizados para estimativa do consumo de concentrado, produção fecal, digestibilidade aparente e os indicadores internos, FDNi e FDAi para estimar consumo de volumoso, produção fecal e digestibilidade. No experimento 1, o delineamento utilizado foi inteiramente casualisado em parcelas subdivididas com dois tratamentos em dois períodos. No experimento 2, o delineamento foi o de blocos em parcelas subdivididas. As médias foram comparadas pelo teste tukey a 5%. No experimento 1 não foram observadas diferenças entre as formas de fornecimento dos indicadores (P>0,05). No experimento 2, a FDNi estimou o fluxo de digesta no duodeno e a produção fecal e o consumo de volumoso. A estimativa do consumo de volumoso através do FDNi e FDAi foram semelhantes ao observado (P>0,05). O TiO2 e LIPE®LÍQUIDO foram acurados na estimativa do consumo de concentrado / Abstract: The objectives of this study were to evaluate by two metabolism trials different ways to dose markers (by continuous infusion for 24 hours and by two doses of marker per day) and also to study the accuracy and reliability of differents markers to estimate duodenal flow of nutrients concentrate intake, roughage intake, fecal production and apparent digestibility of dry matter (DM) in cattle. Twelve crossbred heifers were used in both experiments with average body weight of 361.7kg ± 59 and approximately 24 months of age, cannulated in the rumen and duodenum. In experiment 1, six animals received the markers Cr-EDTA, YbCl3 by continuous infusion via ruminal fistula in two periods of 17 days, while the other six animals received the same markers in twice daily dosing (8 and 7hours). In experiment 2, animals received the twelve markers twice daily during the experimental periods. Markers Cr-EDTA, YbCl3, LIPE®LIQUID, iNDF and iADF were used in the estimation of duodenal flow of nutrients by the method of single and double markers. Markers TiO2 and LIPE®LIQUID were used to estimate concentrate intake, fecal output, digestibility of DM and internal markers, iNDF and iADF to estimate forage intake, digestibility and fecal production. In experiment 1, a split plot design was used with two treatments (supply), six replicates in two periods. In experiment 2, the experimental design was randomized blocks in split plots, where the markers were considered as treatments. In both experiments, the means were compared by Tukey test at 5%. In experiments 1, there were no differences between the ways to supply the marker (P>0.05). In experiment 2, the iNDF was the best variable to predict digest flow in the duodenum and fecal production. iNDF and iADF were not d significantly different when the average intake of roughage were compared with the observed. The TiO2 was not significantly different... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Lasers sintonizáveis ao redor de 2,3 &#956;m são interessantes para várias áreas, como detecção de gases, sensoriamento remoto e aplicações médicas. O túlio é o principal sistema entre os lasers de terras-raras com essa emissão e pode ser bombeado diretamente ou por meio de um sensibilizador como o itérbio. Neste trabalho, apresenta-se a obtenção de um laser de Yb:Tm:YLF com emissão de 620 mW em 2,3 &#956;m bombeado em 960 nm por diodo-laser de 20 W do tipo barra em regime quase-contínuo. Investiga-se o bombeamento de um cristal de Tm:YLF em 685 nm e obtém-se de forma inédita um laser de Yb:Tm:YLF bombeado simultaneamente em 685 e 960 nm. Demonstra-se teórica e experimentamente sua maior eficiência em relação ao bombeamento apenas por 960 nm. Por meio de simulações numéricas e soluções analíticas, mostra-se a melhor relação de potência de bombeamento de cada comprimento de onda para se otimizar o laser. / Tunable lasers emitting around 2.3 &#956;m region are important in many areas, like gas detection, remote sensing and medical applications. Thulium has a large emission spectra around 2.3 &#956;m with demonstrated tuning range of 2.2-2.45 &#956;m using the YLF host. For efficient pump absorption, a high concentration sensitizer like ytterbium can be used. We demonstrate quasi-cw operation of the Yb:Tm:YLF laser, pumped at 960 nm with a 20 W diode bar achieving the highest output power reported so far of 620 mW. Simultaneous pumping of the 2.3mm Yb:Tm:YLF laser at 685 nm and 960 nm is demonstrated, showing higher slope efficiency than 960 nm alone. Numerical simulations and analytical models show the best ratio of pump power between both wavelengths.