• Refine Query
  • Source
  • Publication year
  • to
  • Language
  • 4
  • 3
  • 3
  • 3
  • 1
  • Tagged with
  • 17
  • 14
  • 3
  • 3
  • 3
  • 3
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Confiabilidad en sistemas con transformadores de potencia con devanado de compensación interna o aterramiento ficticio externo mediante transformador Zig-Zag

Melgar Lazo, Deyvis 13 June 2019 (has links)
Los transformadores, junto con los generadores, son los equipos más importantes de las redes eléctricas. Sería inimaginable transmitir energía eléctrica a grandes distancias sin estos equipos, ya que con ellos podremos transformar un nivel de tensión a otro superior para así disminuir las corrientes, y por consiguiente atenuar las pérdidas en la transmisión de dicha energía. Bastaría instalar otro transformador cerca de los consumidores, para poder así trabajar con tensiones más bajas que nos permitan tener equipos con menos aislamientos (por lo tanto, más económicos), y trabajar con más seguridad. Si una red no está adecuadamente planificada, una falla en un transformador puede dejar desabastecida de energía eléctrica a una zona o toda una ciudad, dependiendo de la capacidad e importancia de esta. Por ello se justifica la necesidad de estudiar las contingencias que pudieran ocurrir en la puesta en servicio y operación de los transformadores de potencia. Estas contingencias obligan que el transformador sea diseñado con características dieléctricas, térmicas y electrodinámicas superiores a las que se tienen en condiciones normales de operación (tensiones y corrientes nominales).
2

A study of the input impedance of travelling wave antennae

Vassilikos, Evangelos January 1993 (has links)
No description available.
3

"Chilenización en imágenes": el discurso visual de la revista Zig-Zag referente a la ciudad de Arica, como expresión de su participación en una política propagandista de chilenización entre 1910 y 1930

Ferreira Martínez, Elizabeth January 2015 (has links)
Tesis para optar al grado de Magíster en Historia / La investigación presente tiene como finalidad identificar y analizar el discurso visual acerca de Arica que despliega la revista Zig-Zag entre 1910 y 1930, como expresión de un agente privado de la sociedad civil y su participación (colaboración) en la chilenización desarrollada por el Estado chileno. El proceso chilenizador comienza en 1883 y su despliegue en los territorios de Tacna y Arica constituyen una compleja red administrativa, política, y sobre todo cultural, convirtiendo la exclusión de la alteridad peruanos y bolivianos, en un eje fundamental de la formación de identidad nacional en el Norte Grande, por parte de un gobierno altamente centralista y bajo un contexto de post Guerra del Pacífico. De este modo, la chilenización se llevó a cabo por diferentes agentes de la sociedad civil, entre estas, cabe destacar las llamadas Ligas Patrióticas, las cuales se encargaron de la expulsión y la violencia material hacia la población peruana residente en Tarapacá. Cuya actuación xenófoba va a marcar de un tono obscuro la política nacional, mientras que los medios de comunicación, especialmente la prensa escrita y revistas ilustradas, van a adherirse de manera discursiva y simbólica a tal proyecto estatal. En definitiva, analizar cómo la retórica visual de la revista participó como agente privado de la sociedad civil en la construcción del discurso chilenizador en Arica. Es decir, interesa identificar la producción del discurso de la revista Zig-Zag con el imaginario chilenizador, dejando de lado su impacto o efectividad real en tal imaginario.
4

Relação das concentrações de adiponectina, leptina e zinco-α-2-glicoproteína no cordão umbilical com a composição corporal de crianças nos quatro primeiros meses de vida (OU) Relação das concentrações de adiponectina, leptina e zinco-α-2-glicoproteína no cordão umbilical com a composição corporal de lactentes nos 4 primeiros meses de vida / Concentrations of adiponectin, leptin and zinc-α-2- glycoprotein in the umbilical cord blood and body composition of infants in the first 4 months of life

Colovati, Veronica Luiza Vale Euclydes 12 August 2014 (has links)
A obesidade, caracterizada pelo excesso de tecido adiposo (TA), é uma doença epidêmica com crescente prevalência desde a infância. Os primeiros meses de vida são considerados críticos para o desenvolvimento humano devido a relação com repercussões duradouras na fisiologia do organismo. O TA tem sua formação desde a fase fetal e secreta inúmeras citocinas relacionadas com a obesidade. Destacam-se neste âmbito: a adiponectina, associada à sensibilidade a insulina; a leptina, pela sua interação com o dispêndio energético e a zinco-α-glicoproteína (ZAG) devido à ação moduladora na expansão do TA. Conhecendo-se a importância da ação destas citocinas e a relevância dos primeiros meses de vida sobre a saúde do indivíduo, o objetivo deste estudo do tipo coorte foi analisar as concentrações de adiponectina, leptina e ZAG do cordão umbilical e relacionar com a composição corporal de lactentes do nascimento ao 4º mês de vida. As citocinas foram determinadas no sangue do cordão umbilical por ELISA. A composição corporal foi avaliada mensalmente pelo PEA POD® (Infant Body Composition, Cosmed, USA). Realizou-se análise de variância (ANOVA) para comparações de médias das variáveis qualitativas. A análise de regressão linear múltipla foi utilizada para determinar a relação entre as citocinas e a composição corporal. A adiponectina se associou inversamente com o percentual de gordura no 1º mês de vida em lactentes não alimentadas por leite materno. A leptina mostrou associação positiva com o percentual de massa gorda ao nascimento para o sexo feminino (R²=0,29; P=0.001), porém essa associação não se manteve significante após o primeiro mês de vida. No modelo final estratificado por sexo, a ZAG foi a única variável analisada que explicou o percentual de gordura no 3º mês (R²=0,21; P=0,003) e no 4º mês de vida (R²=0,14; P=0,03) para o sexo feminino. Os resultados desta investigação reforçam a possível influência positiva do papel da leptina no sangue do cordão umbilical no percentual de gordura ao nascimento e do papel da ZAG com influência negativa no percentual de gordura no 3º e 4º meses de vida. / Obesity, characterized by excess adipose tissue (AT), is an epidemic disease with increasing prevalence since childhood. The the first months of life are considered critical to human development because of the relationship with long-lasting effects on the physiology of the organism. The TA formation starts in fetal stage and secretes numerous cytokines related to obesity. Stand out in this context: adiponectin is associated with insulin sensitivity; leptin by its interaction with the energy expenditure and zinc-α-glycoprotein due to their modulating effects of the expansion of the TA. Knowing the importance of the action of these cytokines and the relevance of the first months of life on the health of an individual, the aim of this cohort study was to analyze the concentrations of adiponectin, leptin and ZAG cord and relate to body composition of children from birth to 4 months of life. Cytokines were assayed in the cord blood by ELISA. Body composition was assessed by the PEA POD ® (Infant Body Composition, Cosmed, USA) monthly. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) for mean comparisons of qualitative variables. A multiple linear regression analysis was used to determine the relationship between the cytokines and body composition. Adiponectin was inversely associated with the percentage of fat in the 1st month of life in infants not being breast fed. Leptin was positively associated with the percentage of fat mass at birth for females (R ² = 0.29), but this association did not remain after the first month of life. In the final model stratified by sex, ZAG was the only variable that explained analyzed the percentage of fat in 3 (R ² = 0.21) and 4 months (R ² = 0.14) for females. The results of this study reinforce the positive influence of the role of leptin in umbilical cord blood for the percentage of fat at birth and the role of ZAG with negative influence on the percentage of fat in the third and fourth months of life.
5

Relação das concentrações de adiponectina, leptina e zinco-α-2-glicoproteína no cordão umbilical com a composição corporal de crianças nos quatro primeiros meses de vida (OU) Relação das concentrações de adiponectina, leptina e zinco-α-2-glicoproteína no cordão umbilical com a composição corporal de lactentes nos 4 primeiros meses de vida / Concentrations of adiponectin, leptin and zinc-α-2- glycoprotein in the umbilical cord blood and body composition of infants in the first 4 months of life

Veronica Luiza Vale Euclydes Colovati 12 August 2014 (has links)
A obesidade, caracterizada pelo excesso de tecido adiposo (TA), é uma doença epidêmica com crescente prevalência desde a infância. Os primeiros meses de vida são considerados críticos para o desenvolvimento humano devido a relação com repercussões duradouras na fisiologia do organismo. O TA tem sua formação desde a fase fetal e secreta inúmeras citocinas relacionadas com a obesidade. Destacam-se neste âmbito: a adiponectina, associada à sensibilidade a insulina; a leptina, pela sua interação com o dispêndio energético e a zinco-α-glicoproteína (ZAG) devido à ação moduladora na expansão do TA. Conhecendo-se a importância da ação destas citocinas e a relevância dos primeiros meses de vida sobre a saúde do indivíduo, o objetivo deste estudo do tipo coorte foi analisar as concentrações de adiponectina, leptina e ZAG do cordão umbilical e relacionar com a composição corporal de lactentes do nascimento ao 4º mês de vida. As citocinas foram determinadas no sangue do cordão umbilical por ELISA. A composição corporal foi avaliada mensalmente pelo PEA POD® (Infant Body Composition, Cosmed, USA). Realizou-se análise de variância (ANOVA) para comparações de médias das variáveis qualitativas. A análise de regressão linear múltipla foi utilizada para determinar a relação entre as citocinas e a composição corporal. A adiponectina se associou inversamente com o percentual de gordura no 1º mês de vida em lactentes não alimentadas por leite materno. A leptina mostrou associação positiva com o percentual de massa gorda ao nascimento para o sexo feminino (R²=0,29; P=0.001), porém essa associação não se manteve significante após o primeiro mês de vida. No modelo final estratificado por sexo, a ZAG foi a única variável analisada que explicou o percentual de gordura no 3º mês (R²=0,21; P=0,003) e no 4º mês de vida (R²=0,14; P=0,03) para o sexo feminino. Os resultados desta investigação reforçam a possível influência positiva do papel da leptina no sangue do cordão umbilical no percentual de gordura ao nascimento e do papel da ZAG com influência negativa no percentual de gordura no 3º e 4º meses de vida. / Obesity, characterized by excess adipose tissue (AT), is an epidemic disease with increasing prevalence since childhood. The the first months of life are considered critical to human development because of the relationship with long-lasting effects on the physiology of the organism. The TA formation starts in fetal stage and secretes numerous cytokines related to obesity. Stand out in this context: adiponectin is associated with insulin sensitivity; leptin by its interaction with the energy expenditure and zinc-α-glycoprotein due to their modulating effects of the expansion of the TA. Knowing the importance of the action of these cytokines and the relevance of the first months of life on the health of an individual, the aim of this cohort study was to analyze the concentrations of adiponectin, leptin and ZAG cord and relate to body composition of children from birth to 4 months of life. Cytokines were assayed in the cord blood by ELISA. Body composition was assessed by the PEA POD ® (Infant Body Composition, Cosmed, USA) monthly. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) for mean comparisons of qualitative variables. A multiple linear regression analysis was used to determine the relationship between the cytokines and body composition. Adiponectin was inversely associated with the percentage of fat in the 1st month of life in infants not being breast fed. Leptin was positively associated with the percentage of fat mass at birth for females (R ² = 0.29), but this association did not remain after the first month of life. In the final model stratified by sex, ZAG was the only variable that explained analyzed the percentage of fat in 3 (R ² = 0.21) and 4 months (R ² = 0.14) for females. The results of this study reinforce the positive influence of the role of leptin in umbilical cord blood for the percentage of fat at birth and the role of ZAG with negative influence on the percentage of fat in the third and fourth months of life.
6

Obésité et cancer mammaire : implication du microenvironnement adipocytaire et des adipokines ? / Obesity and breast cancer : involvement of adipocyte microenvironment and adipokines ?

Dubois, Virginie 13 June 2012 (has links)
L'obésité est actuellement considérée, d'une part, comme un facteur de risque de développement du cancer du sein en post-ménopause et, d'autre part, comme un facteur de risque de mortalité faisant suite à cette pathologie. Parmi les différentes hypothèses permettant d'expliquer le lien entre obésité et cancer du sein, il est suggéré que les sécrétions adipocytaires (i.e. les adipokines), dont les taux plasmatiques sont connus pour être modulés en situation d'obésité, jouent un rôle important. L'objectif de ce travail de thèse a donc consisté à évaluer l'impact des sécrétions adipocytaires globales et d'adipokines d'intérêt afin de mieux comprendre l'implication potentielle du microenvironnement tumoral adipocytaire sur les phénomènes de cancérogenèse mammaire. Dans une première partie, afin de resituer l'expression protéique de plusieurs adipokines d'intérêt dans l'ensemble complexe des perturbations engageant la cellule tumorale, nous avons mis en relation l'expression de ces adipokines entre elles et avec celle de biomarqueurs connus du cancer du sein (récepteurs aux œstrogènes et à la progestérone, Bax, Bcl2,Ki67...). Pour cela, nous avons comparé, sur des prélèvements mammaires tumoraux et normaux, l'expression de la leptine, de l'adiponectine et de la zinc-α2-glycoprotéine (ZAG). Les tissus cancéreux ou avoisinant la tumeur expriment la leptine et la ZAG et, plus faiblement l'adiponectine, alors que l'expression de ces adipokines n'est pas retrouvée au niveau du tissu sain de femmes non malades. De plus, l'expression de la ZAG et de la leptine est corrélée positivement à celle des récepteurs aux œstrogènes, suggérant qu'il existe un lien étroit entre les voies adipokinique et œstrogénique. Dans une seconde partie, nous avons évalué in vitro, d'une part, le rôle des sécrétions adipocytaires globales, grâce à la mise en place d'un modèle original de «derme adipeux tridimensionnel» épithélialisé en présence des cellules mammaires, fibrokystiques ou tumorales, et, d'autre part, l'impact d'adipokines d'intérêt (leptine et ZAG) sur différentes lignées de cellules mammaires cancéreuses. Nous avons montré qu'il existe un dialogue réciproque entre le microenvironnement adipeux et les cellules mammaires cancéreuses, favorisant la croissance tumorale. Nous avons également établi que la leptine et la ZAG exercent des effets prolifératifs et anti-apoptotiques. Dans une troisième partie, nous avons cherché à mieux comprendre le fait que l'obésité augmente le risque de mortalité due au cancer du sein, en émettant deux hypothèses complémentaires : i) il pourrait y avoir une moindre efficacité des traitements d'hormonothérapie et/ou de chimiothérapie en cas d'obésité liée à une interférence avec certaines adipokines,et ii) il pourrait exister un risque accru d'apparition de métastases provenant notamment d'une influence des adipokines sur les processus angiogéniques. Ainsi, in vitro, nous avons montré que la leptine diminue l'efficacité de plusieurs traitements anti-cancéreux et augmente les processus angiogéniques et d'invasion tumorale, notamment quand elle est utilisée à des concentrations reflétant une imprégnation plasmatique en situation d'obésité, alors que l'adiponectine inhibe l'angiogenèse pour des concentrations reflétant l'imprégnation plasmatique en situation physiologique. Nos résultats suggèrent que les sécrétions adipocytaires sont impliquées dans la régulation du développement du tissu cancéreux au niveau mammaire et laissent entrevoir des pistes prometteuses concernant le ciblage des adipokines dans la prévention et/ou le traitement de la pathologie cancéreuse mammaire, plus particulièrement en cas de surcharge pondérale. / Obesity is now considered, firstly, as a risk factor for developing breast cancer in postmenopausal women and, secondly, as a risk factor for mortality in response to this pathology. Among the various hypotheses to explain the link between obesity and breast cancer, it is suggested that the adipocyte secretions (ie adipokines), whose plasma levels are known to be modulated in obesity are important. The objective of this work was therefore to assess the overall impact of adipocyte secretions and adipokines of interest to better understand the potential involvement of adipocyte tumor microenvironment in mammary carcinogenesis. In the first part, in order to situate the protein expression of several adipokines of interest in the complex disturbances involving the tumor cell, we have related the expression of these adipokines together and with that of more classical biomarkers of breast cancer (estrogen and progesterone receptor, Bax, Bcl2, Ki67...). For this, we compared, on mammary tumor and normal samples, the expression of leptin, adiponectin and zinc-α2-glycoprotein (ZAG). Cancerous tissue or normal tissue surrounding the tumor express leptin and ZAG and, more weakly, adiponectin, whereas expression of leptin and ZAG is not found in healthy tissue from women without disease. Furthermore, the expression of ZAG and leptin is positively correlated with that of the estrogen receptor, suggesting that there is a close connection between the adipokine and estrogen pathways. In the second part, we evaluated in vitro, on the one hand, the role of overall adipocyte secretions, through the establishment of an original model of "three-dimensional dermis fat" epithelialized in the presence of mammary cells, tumor or fibrocystic, and,on the other hand, the impact of interest adipokines (leptin and ZAG), on different lines of breast cancer cells. We have shown that there is a reciprocal dialogue between the adipose microenvironment and breast cancer cells, promoting tumor growth. Wealso found that leptin and ZAG exert proliferative and anti-apoptotic effects. In the third part, we try to understand the fact that obesity increases the risk of mortality from breast cancer, by issuing two additional assumptions :i) there may be a less effective treatment in situation of obesity related to an interference with some adipokines, and ii) there may be an increased risk of metastasis due to an influence of adipokines on the angiogenic process. Thus, in vitro, we showed that leptin decreases the efficacy of several cancer treatments and increases the angiogenic process and tumor invasion, especially when leptin is used at concentrations reflecting plasma impregnation in a situation of obesity, while adiponectin inhibits angiogenesis, particularly for concentrations reflecting impregnation in plasma in physiological situation. Our results suggest that adipocyte secretions are involved in regulating of breast cancer development and suggest promising ways for targeting adipokines in the prevention and / or treatment of breast cancer pathology, especially in case of overload weight.
7

Zig-Zag : un gigante de papel. Llegado gráfico de las revistas de la época

Neira Hurtado, Marcela Angélica January 2005 (has links)
A lo largo de su historia, Zig Zag ha sido uno de los puntales en el desarrollo de la vida cultural, de entretención y educación en Chile, y por otro lado sentó las bases de diversas áreas del diseño gráfico, como el cómic o el diseño editorial. Como Zig Zag actualmente está enfocada hacia el sector educacional, dentro de sus labores ha dejado de lado todo lo que significó la publicación de revistas, hoy en día parte de la identidad chilena, por lo que el problema que se presenta es la poca valorización de este gran legado y más aún en el año de su centenario. El campo del diseño tiene un gran potencial y una gran importancia para desarrollar soluciones al respecto, ya que cuenta con las herramientas necesarias, siendo las mismas que le dieron su jerarquía, para valorizar su legado, pudiendo canalizar la información visual y escrita sobre un soporte gráfico que las de a conocer en forma meritoria y atractiva
8

Vers la synthèse totale de nanotubes de carbone zig-zag de diamètres contrôlés / Towards the total synthesis of Zig-Zag Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes with well-defined Diameters

Boutonnet, Baptiste 12 December 2014 (has links)
Les nanotubes de carbone (NTC) n'ont eu de cesse, depuis leur (re)-découverte par Sumio Iijima en 1991, de passionner la communauté scientifique. Leurs propriétés électroniques, optiques et mécaniques exceptionnelles en font l'un des matériaux les plus prometteurs dans le domaine des nanotechnologies. Néanmoins, l'utilisation des NTC en microélectronique se heurte à de nombreux problèmes. En particulier, les propriétés électroniques de ces nanotubes sont dépendantes de plusieurs paramètres : leur diamètre, leur organisation et le nombre de feuillets qui le composent. Ainsi, l’obtention de nanotubes exclusivement semiconducteurs (recherchées pour réaliser un dispositif microélectronique tel qu’un transistor) ne peut être garantie par les techniques de synthèse actuelles. Ces techniques (CVD, ablation laser, etc…) ne conduisent en général qu’à un mélange de nanotubes semiconducteurs et métalliques, difficiles à trier.Dans le cas spécifique des nanotubes de carbone « zig-zag », leur comportement électronique n’est défini que par le diamètre. Une synthèse de nanotubes exclusivement « zig-zag » et de diamètres contrôlés apporterait donc une solution définitive à ce problème.La chimie des calixarènes peut apporter des réponses à cette problématique. On utiliserait alors la chimie moléculaire pour former le NTC de façon séquentielle. L’objectif du travail réalisé est d'obtenir une structure de type « zig-zag » avec un diamètre strictement contrôlé par la taille du calixarène de départ.Nous avons abordé plusieurs méthodes de synthèse en fonction du motif de répétition envisagé pour la croissance séquentielle du nanotube de carbone. Dans un premier temps, une stratégie basée sur le motif cyclacène a été utilisée. Les résultats de ces travaux seront présentés dans le chapitre II. Au cours de ce chapitre nous présenterons la synthèse et la fonctionnalisation des calixarènes de départ, en vue de leur utilisation pour des réactions de types Wittig Horner ou Oléfination de Julia.Enfin, au cours du chapitre III, nous présenterons les résultats obtenus par utilisation d’une autre stratégie, basée sur la répétition d’un motif métacyclopolyphénylène. Cette stratégie est basée sur une succession de réactions de couplage de Suzuki, catalysés par des complexes de palladium. / Since their re-discovery in 1991 by Sumio Ijima, carbon nanotubes (CNT’s) have not stopped fascinating the scientific community. Their electronic, optical, and mechanical properties render them one of the most promising materials in the field of nanotechnology. Nevertheless, the use of CNT’s is has been hampered by a number of problems due to the fact that the electronic properties of CNT’s are dependent on several parameters such as diameter, organization and number of sheets that make them up. Because of these factors, obtaining nanotubes that function exclusively as semiconductors (such as those used for fabricating microelectronic devices such as transistors) cannot be guaranteed with the synthetic methods used today. These techniques (CVD, laser ablation, etc) are only capable of yielding a mixture of semiconducting and metallic nanotubes difficult to separate.In the particular case of « zig-zag » nanotubes, their electronic behavior is defined by their diameter. Thus, a synthetic method capable of rendering exclusively « zig-zag » nanotubes with discrete diameters would yield a solution to the problem.Calixarene chemistry can give answers to this problem. Using molecular chemistry in order to form CNT’s in a sequential fashion, the objective of this work will be to obtain exclusively « zig-zag » nanotubes with discrete diameters that are imposed by the size of the calixarene used as a starting block. We have tried several methods for the synthesis of CNT’s depending on the repetition motif used for the sequential growth of the desired carbon nanotube. Firstly, a strategy based on the acene functionality was used. The results of this work are presented in chapter II, where we will describe the synthesis and functionalization of the starting calixarenes used in reaction types such as Wittig Horner and Julia Olefination.Chapter III shows the results obtained using a different strategy based on the repetition of the metacyclopolyphenylene unit. This strategy is based on the reiteration of successive Suzuki coupling reactions catalyzed by palladium complexes.
9

Uma adaptação da teoria de homologia para problemas de reconhecimento topológico de padrões / An adaptation of homology theory to problems of topological pattern recognition

Contessoto, Marco Antônio de Freitas 09 March 2018 (has links)
Submitted by Marco Antonio de Freitas Contessoto (marco_contessoto@hotmail.com) on 2018-06-19T06:27:03Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcoeditado.pdf: 1251669 bytes, checksum: 5fe5c25a4002aeefa7831bd4137fb1f8 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Elza Mitiko Sato null (elzasato@ibilce.unesp.br) on 2018-06-19T14:26:54Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 contessoto_maf_me_sjrp.pdf: 1242012 bytes, checksum: e5b5acc9695b0f3103a68a1f1f32edac (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-19T14:26:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 contessoto_maf_me_sjrp.pdf: 1242012 bytes, checksum: e5b5acc9695b0f3103a68a1f1f32edac (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-09 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / O objetivo dessa dissertação é apresentar parte do artigo [2] de Gunnar Carlsson, onde se discute a adaptação de métodos da teoria usual de homologia para problemas de reconhecimento topológico de padrões em conjuntos de dados. Esta adaptação conduz aos conceitos de homologia de persistência e de barcodes. Atualmente, várias aplicações são obtidas com o uso deste método. Apresentaremos alguns casos onde a homologia de persistência é usada, ilustrando diferentes modos em que podem ser aplicados. Descreveremos, também baseado no artigo de Carlsson, um novo método para estudar a persistência de características topológicas através de uma família de conjuntos de dados, chamado persistência zig-zag . Este método generaliza a teoria de homologia de persistência e chama atenção de situações que não são cobertas pela outra teoria. Além disso, são apresentadas algumas aplicações dessa ferramenta para a obtenção de informações de alguns conjuntos de dados / The main goal of this work is to present a part of the Gunnar Carlsson paper [2], where the adaptation of the theory of usual homology to topological pattern recognition problems in point cloud data sets is discussed. This adaptation leads to the concepts of persistence homology and barcodes. Several applications have been obtained using this method. We will present some cases where persistence homology is used, illustrating different ways in which the method can be applied. We will describe,alsobasedintheCarlsson’spaper,anewmethodtostudythepersistence oftopologicalfeaturesthroughpointclouddatasets,calledzig-zagpersistence. This method generalizes the homology persistent theory and we will pay attention to situations that are not covered by the other theory. In addition, some applications of this tool are presented to obtain information from some data sets. / 2016/25659-3
10

Vers la synthèse totale de nanotubes de carbone Zig-Zag de diamètres contrôlés : utilisation de calixarènes / Toward the total synthesis of zig zag single walled carbon nanotubes with well defined diameters

André, Etienne 13 December 2012 (has links)
Les nanotubes de carbone (NTC) n'ont eu de cesse, depuis leur (re)-découverte par Sumio Iijima en 1991, de passionner la communauté scientifique. Leurs propriétés électroniques, optiques et mécaniques exceptionnelles en font l'un des matériaux les plus prometteurs des nanotechnologies. Néanmoins, l'utilisation des NTC en microélectronique se heurte à de nombreux problèmes. En particulier, les propriétés électroniques de ces nanotubes sont dépendantes de plusieurs paramètres : le diamètre du NTC, son organisation et le nombre de feuillets qui le composent. Ainsi, l’obtention de nanotubes exclusivement semiconducteurs (recherchées pour réaliser un dispositif microélectronique tel qu’un transistor) ne peut être garantie par les techniques de synthèse actuelles. Ces techniques (CVD, ablation laser, etc…) ne conduisent en général qu’à un mélange de nanotubes semiconducteurs et métalliques, difficiles à trier. Dans le cas spécifique des nanotubes de carbone « Zig-Zag », leur comportement électronique n’est défini que par le diamètre. Une synthèse de nanotubes exclusivement « Zig-Zag » et de diamètres contrôlés apporterait donc une solution définitive à ce problème. La chimie des calixarènes peut apporter des solutions pour résoudre cette problématique. On utiliserait alors la chimie covalente pour former le NTC de façon séquentielle. Le but de mon travail est d'obtenir une structure de type « zig-zag » avec un diamètre strictement contrôlé par la taille du calixarène de départ. Nous avons envisagé plusieurs méthodes de synthèses en fonction du motif de répétition que nous souhaitions introduire pour la croissance séquentielle du nanotube de carbone. Dans un premier temps, une stratégie basée sur le motif cyclacène a été utilisée. Les résultats de ces travaux seront présentés dans le chapitre 2. Nous présenterons la synthèse et la fonctionnalisation des calixarènes de départ ainsi que du synthon que nous avons choisi pour effectuer la croissance séquentielle. Le couplage entre ces deux composés sera effectué via une réaction de type Wittig Horner. Ce motif de répétition sera également utilisé lors du chapitre 3 pour présenter une nouvelle stratégie de croissance basée sur l’utilisation de la réaction de Heck afin d’effectuer la croissance séquentielle. Enfin, dans une dernière partie, nous présenterons les résultats obtenus par utilisation d’une autre stratégie, basée sur la répétition d’un motif métacyclopolyphénylène. Cette stratégie est basée sur une succession de réactions de couplage de Suzuki, catalysés par des complexes de palladium. / Since their rediscovery by Iijima in 1991, carbon nanotubes (CNT) has been a main subject of interest. Their extraordinary properties may open large fields of applications in different domains such as electronics, medicine, or optics. But their use in microelectronics is limited by the lack of control of the electronics properties of each carbon nanotubes. These properties are depending on different parameters such as diameter, chirality, or the number of layers of graphène. Obtaining exclusively semi conducting CNT using current synthetic methods of synthesis is not guaranteed. These technics (CVD, Laser ablation…) leads, in general, to a very complex mixture of semi conducting and metallic CNT, quite difficult to sort out. In the specific case of “zig-zag” CNT, their electronic properties only depend of the diameter of the tube. An exclusive synthesis of a “zig-zag”, diameter controlled CNT should thus solve this problem. We propose here the use of organic, molecular chemistry, and more specifically, calixarene chemistry to achieve this goal. Two different synthetic strategies were explored, as a function of the repeating unit considered for the growth of “zig-zag” carbon nanotubes. During the first part of this work, we have used a strategy based on a cyclacene-type pattern as a repeating unit. These results will be presented in the second chapter. We will describe the results dealing with calixarene functionalization and the synthesis of a new bifunctionnal molecule to be used as a building block for the sequential growth. The coupling between these two species is performed by a Wittig reaction or a Wittig/Horner reaction. The same cyclacene-type repeating unit is also envisioned during the first part of the third chapter for a second strategy for zig-zag SWCNTs synthesis, based on Heck coupling reactions. Finally, during the last part of the third chapter, we will present the results obtained by the use of a new repetition pattern , the metacyclophenylene unit. This strategy relies on the use of successive Suzuki couplings.

Page generated in 0.1031 seconds