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Submitted by Marcio Emanuel Paixão Santos (marcio.santos@ucsal.br) on 2018-06-21T00:14:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAOIVONEMARIADECARVALHO.pdf: 4009992 bytes, checksum: ac71eb78a1af7487def78e3f276fcab0 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Linda Bulhosa (linda.gomes@ucsal.br) on 2018-06-21T19:18:51Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAOIVONEMARIADECARVALHO.pdf: 4009992 bytes, checksum: ac71eb78a1af7487def78e3f276fcab0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-21T19:18:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAOIVONEMARIADECARVALHO.pdf: 4009992 bytes, checksum: ac71eb78a1af7487def78e3f276fcab0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-04-26 / As discussões de temas como conservação, preservação, desenvolvimento e sustentabilidade, além de bastante controversas, têm sido fonte de amplos debates e argumentos, com entendimentos diferentes quando considerados aspectos relacionados com padrões de produção e consumo, mercado, políticas públicas e planejamento ambiental. O planejamento ambiental envolve ações interrelacionadas e interdependentes num processo onde a sociedade é ao mesmo tempo objeto, objetivo e meio. O presente trabalho tem como objeto a Área de Proteção Ambiental como Instrumento de gestão ambiental: Estudo de Caso da Apa Joanes/Ipitanga e como caracterizar a APA como instrumento de gestão ambiental a partir das relações entre o uso de instrumentos normativos, privilegiando-se o ZEE, e as estratégias e ações que contribuíram para gestão da APA no período de 2004 a 2007. A APA Joanes Ipitanga tem como objetivo maior a preservação das nascentes e das represas dos rios Joanes e Ipitanga, além da sua região estuarina, propiciando ainda a conservação e recuperação dos ecossistemas existentes na área. Foram utilizadas documentação indireta de variadas fontes (pesquisa documental e bibliográfica) e documentação direta (levantamento de dados no próprio local – pesquisa de campo). A partir das informações levantadas pode-se constatar a existência de conflitos no uso e gestão dos recursos, bem como de que a APA se constitui num elemento articulador do espaço onde está inserida no que se refere à sustentabilidade ambiental, sendo o principal fórum de diálogo dos atores da região. O Conselho Gestor da APA, apesar de ser de caráter consultivo e estar carente de renovação, traz um discurso qualificado na dimensão do seu espaço e proporciona ganhos e interlocuções na sua área de competência e gestão. A APA Joanes / Ipitanga ainda não possui um Plano de Manejo, sendo as demandas na maioria das vezes atendidas em caráter emergencial. A APA carece do apoio institucional e político dos órgãos responsáveis pela gestão e execução da política ambiental do Estado para garantir a atualização dos seus instrumentos de gestão e a sua governança enquanto Unidade de Conservação do grupo de Uso Sustentável, sem tolerância e/ou impotência ante as impunidades. / Las discusiones de temas como la conservación, preservación, desarrollo y sostenibilidad, además de bastante polémicas tienen sido fuentes de debates y argumentos de comprensión diferente, cuando se consideran aspectos relacionados con estándares de producción y consumo, mercado, políticas públicas y planificación ambiental. La planificación ambiental envolved acciones interrelacionadas y interdependientes en un proceso adonde la sociedad es al mismo tiempo objeto, objetivo y medio. El presente trabajo tiene como objeto la Área de Protección Ambiental como instrumento de gestión ambiental: Estudio de Caso de la Apa Joanes/Ipitanga y como caracterizar la APA como instrumento de gestión ambiental a partir de las relaciones entre el uso de instrumentos normativos, privilegiándose el ZEE y las estrategias y acciones que contribuyeran para la gestión de la APA en el periodo de 2004 hasta 2007. La APA Joanes/Ipitanga tiene como objetivo mayor la preservación de las nacientes y de la represas de los ríos Joanes e Ipitanga, además de su región de estuario, propiciando aún la conservación y recuperación de los ecosistemas existentes en el área. Fueran utilizadas la documentaciones indirectas de variadas fuentes (pesquisa documental y bibliográfica) y la documentación directa (examen de dados en el mismo sitio – pesquisa de campo). A partir de las informaciones examinadas se puede constatar la existencia de conflictos en el uso y gestión de los recursos, así como la APA se constituye en un elemento articulador del espacio adonde se encuentra inserida, en lo que se referee a la sostenibilidad ambiental, siendo el principal forum de diálogo de los actores de la región. El Consejo Gestor de la APA, a despecho de ser de carácter consultivo e estar carente de renovación, trae un discurso calificado en la dimensión de su espacio y proporciona gañíos y interlocuciones en su área de competencia y gestión. La APA Joanes/Ipitanga no posee aún un Plano de Manejo, siendo las demandas en la mayoría de las veces atendidas en carácter de emergencia. La APA carece de apoyo institucional y político de los órganos responsables por la gestión e ejecución de la política ambiental del Estado, para garantir la actualización de sus instrumentos de gestión e su gobernabilidad, enguanto Unidad de Conservación del grupo de Uso Sostenible, sin tolerancia y/o impotencia delante de las impunidades.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:30:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-10-02Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T21:00:41Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 nascimento_mc_me_rcla.pdf: 399072 bytes, checksum: 962f83889fd11e96ee20dff26744646c (MD5) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / Este trabalho tem como propósito indicar a atividade alimentar diária de Antigonia capros, Synagrops spinosus e Urophycis mystacea (Teleostei). Essas espécies apresentam hábitos demersais e são muito freqüentes na plataforma continental externa e talude superior das regiões Sudeste e Sul do Brasil. Para a identificação de padrões de atividade alimentar diária, foram analisados resultados de coletas realizadas em diferentes horários ao longo do dia, agrupados em cinco períodos: amanhecer, manhã, tarde, entardecer e anoitecer. Em cada período foram identificados estômagos em diferentes graus de repleção e de digestão. Após essa análise, foi observado que cada espécie apresentou características específicas na captura de alimento. Nas três espécies foi verificado que houve aumento na atividade alimentar nos períodos do dia com menor intensidade luminosa. Nestes períodos ocorreu maior consumo de animais bentônicos. Constatou-se também que nos horários de maior e menor atividade, houve variação entre o consumo de organismos bentônicos e pelágicos. / The aim of this study was to investigate the daily feeding activity of Antigonia capros, Synagrops spinosus and Urophycis mystacea (Teleostei). These species present demersal behavior and are very frequent in Brazilian South and Southeast outer continental shelf and the continental slope. We carried out collections in different times of the day clustered in five periods: dawn, morning, afternoon, nightfall and night, in order to identify the patterns of daily feeding activity. In each period the different levels of digestion and repletion of the material in the stomachs were identified. Through this analysis we oberved that each species presented specific food capturing characteristics. An increase in the feeding activity was observed in the less lightened periods. In these periods there was higher consumption of benthonic animals. We have also found out a relation between the periods of higher and lower activity and the consumption of benthonic and pelagic organisms.

We give a general introduction to physics, in particular the physics of the Standard Model (SM). Next we discuss one of the problems the SM faces, that of accommodating the neutrino masses. We discuss the concept of radiative mechanisms. Then we study three particular such models in depth. The first is a model due to Ma which introduces three neutrino singlets and one scalar doublet on top of the SM particle content. We discuss the different neutrino masses that this model can hold. It is found that only case of normal hierarchy among the neutrinos is allowed in this model. We also discuss several observable quantities currently being searched for in experiments, and their relation to this model The second model is due to Zee and Babu, and is commonly known as the Zee–Babu model. This model adds two electrically charged scalar particles to the SM. We find that this model can describe both the inverted hierarchy and normal hierarchy. The previously mentioned observable quantities are once again discussed, but with this model in mind. Finally we discuss a model which accounts for the neutrino masses by assuming that there exists a fourth generation of leptons. It is found that this framework is insufficient to describe the observed neutrino masses.

Minkisi (sing. nkisi) were sacred objects that housed ancestral spirits and were used for divination, healing and social justice by the Kongo people of Central Africa. When the Kongo were brought as slaves to the New World, they contributed significantly to the development of African American artistic and spiritual culture. In the Caribbean, aspects of minkisi have been retained in the creolized spiritual beliefs of Haitian Vodou, Cuban Palo Monte Mayombe and Brazilian Candomble. In North America, evidence of Kongo influence is apparent in examples of folk art and culture, including quilts, mojo hands, Afro-Carolinian face vessels, memory jugs and burial sites. In the twentieth and twenty-first centuries, artists appear to have recontextualized elements of minkisi within their work, among these James “Son Ford” Thomas, James Van Der Zee, Betye and Alison Saar, Willie Cole and Renee Stout, creating a link between the Kongo past and the American present.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:30:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Heloisa Verri Paulino.pdf: 9455428 bytes, checksum: cd4460234596cddf9295abee41c54906 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-05-12 / Environmental Zoning is one of the legal instruments set forth by the National Environmental Policy, established by Federal Law nº 6.938, of 1981. So far, however, little advantage has been taken from this instrument, mainly because Governments have not given enough attention to its elaboration and implementation. The environmental zoning regulation has only happened in 2002, through Federal Decree nº 4.297. Notwithstanding, many doubts and problems related to it still persists, such as: applicability of the principle in dubio pro natura, existence of vested right, right for indemnification, compatibility with other environmental restrictive rules, legal instrument for implementation and revision term. Considering, however, that the main purpose of the environmental zoning is to govern the placement of activities, taking into consideration the ecological importance and the limits and fragility of ecosystems, it may represent a great step for the effectiveness of the principle of sustainable development / O zoneamento ambiental é um dos instrumentos da Política Nacional do Meio Ambiente estabelecida pela Lei Federal 6.938, de 1981. Até o momento, no entanto, pouco se aproveitou deste instrumento, notadamente em razão da falta de prioridade atribuída a sua elaboração e implementação pelo Poder Público. Sua regulamentação federal ocorreu apenas em 2002, através do Decreto Federal nº 4.297. Apesar das normas gerais criadas, muitas dúvidas e problemáticas em torno do zoneamento ambiental ainda persistem, tais como: aplicabilidade do princípio in dubio pro natura, prevalência ou não do direito adquirido, direito à indenização, compatibilização com demais normas ambientais restritivas, instrumento legal de implementação e prazo para revisão. Considerando, porém, que a principal finalidade do zoneamento ambiental é organizar a distribuição espacial das atividades econômicas, levando em conta a importância ecológica, as limitações e as fragilidades dos ecossistemas, este instrumento pode representar grande avanço na efetivação do princípio do desenvolvimento sustentável

Two post processing methods for quantifying the shadow effect of the offshore wind farm Princes Amalia (PA) onto Egmond aan Zee (OWEZ) wind farm are analyzed and benchmarked. The first method is the author’s proposed shadow effect determination method (SEDM), which quantifies an offshore wind farm’s shadow effect based on mesoscale WRF (Weather Research Forecast) idealized modeling and the observed frequency of the analyzed site’s wind conditions. The Fitch turbine parametrization scheme and Mellor-Yamada-Nakanishi-Niino (MYNN) surface layer and planetary boundary layer (PBL) schemes were used to simulate the wind farm’s interactions, based on site conditions. The proposed physical downscaling method (SEDM) uses filtered simulated atmospheric stability and wind speed conditions, in order to calculate the percent wind speed deficit downstream of PA, with regard, first, to observed wind speed frequency and, secondly, to wind speed and corresponding atmospheric stability regimes. Then a statistical downscaling method, based on the established Analog Ensemble (AnEn) technique, developed by Luca Delle Monache et al. (2011) was employed to verify the results from the first method. This method runs a post processing algorithm using the weighted average of the observations that were verified when the 15 best analogs were valid. Observed wind speed data at 10 m and 50 m height was used as Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) input data and fit to observed time series data. From this, wind speeds at 116 m were extrapolated, in order to estimate the reconstructed atmospheric stability. The two methods were benchmarked and shadow effects were quantified in the range of 7.53% - 22.92% for the SEDM and within an 80% confidence interval of 0.23% -1.83% for the statistical downscaling method. Given the physical method’s exceedance of this confidence interval, WRF idealized modeling proves itself as a consistent means of quantifying an offshore wind farm’s wake, as demonstrated by comparable studies, however inaccurate when benchmarked to statistical modelling methods that use observed wind speed data to recreate atmospheric conditions. / Wake Research Group

La zone économique exclusive Mauritanienne est le siège d’upwelling et constitue une zone de transition où cohabitent des espèces d’affinités tempérée et tropicale. Pour comprendre le comportement spatio-temporel des assemblages démersaux du point de vue de leur composition, structuration, distribution de probabilité et diversité face aux préoccupations écologiques. Les facteurs abiotiques contribuent à la structuration des assemblages démersaux persistants au cours du temps. Les effets de la pêche étaient relativement faibles. Les trajectoires temporelles entre les assemblages et les conditions environnementales ont été mises en évidence pour certaines années et des zones. Dans les types d’habitats, un groupe minoritaire d’espèces très agrégatives obéissant au modèle de distribution en log-séries de Fisher et un autre majoritaire peu ou pas du tout agrégatives obéissant au modèle de distribution binomiale négative tronquée ont été identifiés. La diversité spécifique peut être divisé en deux groupes distincts et complémentaires : la richesse spécifique et l'autre associé à l’équitabilité. Un seul composant de la diversité ne peut donc pas représenter la diversité des poissons démersaux de la zone étudiée. Les GLM des indices complémentaires ont montré essentiellement un effet temporel et l’interaction Année-Strates bathymétriques. Aucun effet de l’effort de pêche n’a été observé sur la richesse spécifique, ni de la concentration en chlorophylle sur l’équitabilité. Ce travail pourrait fournir aux gestionnaires et aux scientifiques des connaissances complémentaires sur la dynamique spatio-temporelle des assemblages démersaux exploités dans des écosystèmes d’upwelling. / The Mauritanian exclusive economic zone is the seat of an upwelling phenomenon and constitutes a transition zone where species of temperate and tropical affinities coexist. To understand the spatio-temporal behavior of demersal assemblages from the point of view of their composition, structure, distribution of probability and diversity faced to ecological concerns. Abiotic factors contribute in the structuring of persistent groundfish assemblages over time. The fishing effects were relatively low, although significant in some years and in some specific geographic areas. Temporal trajectories between groundfish assemblages and environmental conditions have been highlighted for some years and in some specific areas. In each type habitats, two species groups were identified: a minority group of species very aggregative well fitted by Fisher’s log-series distribution and another majority of species little or not aggregative well fitted by the truncated negative binomial distribution. Diversity indices analyzed reveal that this set can be split into two distinct and complementary groups: a group associated with the species richness and another group associated with evenness. One component of diversity may not represent the diversity of the groundfish in the study area. GLMs of complementary indices showed essentially a temporal effect and Bathymetric strata-Year interaction. No effect of fishing effort was observed on the species richness and neither was the concentration of chlorophyll a on the evenness. This work could provide managers and scientists to further knowledge on the spatio-temporal dynamics of groundfish species assemblages exploited in upwelling ecosystems.