Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:42:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AnaCRM_TESE.pdf: 3734770 bytes, checksum: 59720290841ee6807d60b116e21f2090 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-12-06 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Microporous materials zeolite type Beta and mesoporous type MCM-41 and AlMCM-41 were synthesized hydrothermally and characterized by methods of X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscopy, surface acidity, nitrogen adsorption, thermal analysis TG / DTG. Also we performed a kinetic study of sunflower oil on micro and mesoporous catalysts. The microporous material zeolite beta showed a lower crystallinity due to the existence of smaller crystals and a larger number of structural defects. As for the mesoporous materials MCM-41 and AlMCM-41 samples showed formation of hexagonal one-dimensional structure. The study of kinetic behavior of sunflower oil with zeolite beta catalysts, AlMCM-41 and MCM-41 showed a lower activation energy in front of the energy of pure sunflower oil, mainly zeolite beta. In the thermal cracking and thermocatalytic of sunflower oil were obtained two liquid fractions containing an aqueous phase and another organic - organic liquid fraction (FLO). The FLO first collected in both the thermal cracking as the thermocatalytic, showed very high level of acidity, performed characterizations of physicochemical properties of the second fraction in accordance with the specifications of the ANP. The second FLO thermocatalytic collected in cracking of sunflower oil presented results in the range of diesel oil, introducing himself as a promising alternative for use as biofuel liquid similar to diesel, either instead or mixed with it / Os materiais microporosos tipo ze?lita beta e mesoporosos tipo MCM-41 e AlMCM-41 foram sintetizados hidrotermicamente e caracterizados pelos m?todos de difra??o de raios X, infravermelho por transformada de Fourier, microscopia eletr?nica de varredura, acidez superficial, adsor??o de nitrog?nio, an?lise t?rmica via TG/DTG. Ainda foi realizado um estudo do comportamento cin?tico termogravim?trico do ?leo de girassol sobre os catalisadores micro e mesoporosos citados. Usando curvas integrais da TG e o m?todo cin?tico de Vyazovkin, foram estimados a energia de ativa??o, as taxas de convers?o e o tempo degrada??o do ?leo em fun??o da temperatura. O material microporoso ze?lita beta apresentou menor cristalinidade, devido ? exist?ncia de cristais menores e um maior n?mero de defeitos estruturais. Quanto aos materiais mesoporosos MCM-41 e AlMCM-41 apresentaram amostras com forma??o da estrutura hexagonal unidimensional. O estudo do comportamento cin?tico do ?leo de girassol com os catalisadores ze?lita beta, AlMCM-41 e MCM-41, mostrou uma menor energia de ativa??o frente a energia do ?leo de girassol puro, principalmente a ze?lita beta. No craqueamento t?rmico e termocatal?tico do ?leo de girassol foram obtidas duas fra??es l?quidas contendo uma fase aquosa e outra org?nica fra??o l?quida org?nica (FLO). A primeira FLO coletada, tanto no craqueamento t?rmico quanto no termocatal?tico, apresentou ?ndice de acidez muito elevado, sendo assim foi realizada as caracteriza??es das propriedades f?sico-qu?micas da segunda fra??o de acordo com as especifica??es da ANP. As segundas FLOs coletadas no craqueamento termocatal?tico do ?leo de girassol apresentaram resultados na faixa adequada ao diesel de petr?leo, apresentando-se como uma alternativa promissora para utiliza??o como biocombust?vel l?quido similar ao diesel, seja em substitui??o, ou misturado a este

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:42:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ViniciusPSC_TESE.pdf: 2718372 bytes, checksum: e1cb932e65d078fa3eeb0af3e2b2ce2a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-11-29 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / A catalyst of great interest to the scientific community tries to unite the structure of ordered pore diameter from mesoporous materials with the properties of stability and acid activity to microporous zeolites. Thus a large number of materials was developed in the past decades, which although being reported as zeolites intrinsically they fail to comply with some relevant characteristics to zeolites, and recently were named zeolitic materials of high accessibility. Among the various synthesis strategies employed, the present research approaches the synthesis methods of crystallization of silanized protozeolitic units and the method of protozeolitic units molded around surfactant micelles, in order for get materials defined as hierarchical zeolites and micro-mesoporous hybrid materials, respectively. As goal BEA/MCM-41 hybrid catalysts with bimodal pore structure formed by nuclei of zeolite Beta and cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium were developed. As also was successfully synthesized the hierarchical Beta zeolite having a secondary porosity, in addition to the typical and uniform zeolite micropores. Both catalysts were applied in reactions of catalytic cracking of high density polyethylene (HDPE), to evaluate its properties in catalytic activity, aiming at the recycling of waste plastics to obtain high value-added raw materials and fuels. The BEA/MCM-41 hybrid materials with 0 days of pre-crystallization did not show enough properties for use in catalytic cracking reactions, but they showed superior catalytic properties compared to those ordered mesoporous materials of Al-MCM-41 type. The structure of Beta zeolite with hierarchical porosity leads the accessibility of HDPE bulky molecules to active centers, due to high external area. And provides higher conversion to hydrocarbons in the gasoline range, especially olefins which have great interest in the petrochemical industry / Um catalisador de grande interesse na comunidade cient?fica tenta unir a estrutura de di?metro de poros ordenados dos materiais mesoporosos e as propriedades de estabilidade e atividade ?cida similares ?s ze?litas microporosas. Assim um grande n?mero de materiais foi desenvolvido nas d?cadas passadas, onde embora sendo intrinsecamente relatadas como ze?litas deixam de cumprir com algumas caracter?sticas pertinentes ?s ze?litas, e recentemente foram nomeados de materiais zeol?ticos de elevada acessibilidade. Dentre as diversas estrat?gias de s?ntese empregadas, o presente trabalho de pesquisa abordou os m?todos de s?ntese da cristaliza??o de unidades protozeol?ticas silanizadas e o m?todo de unidades protozeol?ticas moldadas ao redor de micelas de surfactantes, para obter materiais definidos como ze?litas hierarquizadas e materiais h?bridos micro-mesoporoso, respectivamente. Como meta foram desenvolvidos catalisadores h?bridos BEA/MCM-41 com estrutura porosa bimodal formada por n?cleos da ze?lita Beta e surfactante cati?nico cetiltrimetilam?nio. Como tamb?m, sintetizados com sucesso a ze?lita Beta hierarquizada que possui uma porosidade secund?ria, em adi??o aos t?picos e uniformes microporos zeol?ticos. Ambos os catalisadores foram aplicados em rea??es de craqueamento catal?tico de polietileno de alta densidade, para avalia??o de suas propriedades na atividade catal?tica, visando a reciclagem de pl?sticos residuais para obten??o de mat?rias-primas de elevado valor agregado e combust?veis. Os materiais h?bridos BEA/MCM-41 com 0 dias de pr?-cristaliza??o n?o demonstraram propriedades suficientes para aplica??o em rea??es de craqueamento catal?tico, por?m evidenciaram propriedades catal?ticas superiores comparados aos materiais mesoporosos ordenados do tipo Al-MCM-41. A estrutura da ze?lita Beta de porosidade hierarquizada favorece a acessibilidade das mol?culas volumosas do PEAD aos centros ativos, devido ? elevada ?rea externa. E proporciona maior convers?o a hidrocarbonetos na faixa da gasolina, principalmente olefinas que possuem grande interesse na ind?stria petroqu?mica

Práce se zabývá systémem Strukturální politiky Evropské unie v období 2000-2006, porovnává předpoklady ziskových a neziskových organizací pro čerpání prostředků ze strukturálních fondů Evropské unie a analyzuje dosavadní zkušenosti neziskových organizací v této oblasti. Součástí práce jsou návrhy a doporučení k nápravě zjištěných problémů a nedostatků.

Diplomová práce se specializuje na jednání ve vzájemné shodě.Poukazuje na odlišnosti ve vymezení základních pojmů v českém a evropském pojetí a snaží se tak osvětlit nutnost harmonizace české úpravy s úpravou komunitární.Problém nachází zejména ve vymezení pojmu podnik, jehož pojetí je v ZOHS naprosto odlišné od pojetí podniku jakožto single economic unit v právu evropském.I přes tyto odlišnosti však práce považuje základní znaky jednání ve shodě za v podstatě shodné v českém i evropském právu.Zabývá se rovněž odlišením nezákonné výměny informací, jež je podstatou jednání ve shodě, od situací, kdy takováto výměna může být žádoucí. Pozornost věnuje i kolektivní dominanci a dovolenému paralelnímu chování, které je v souladu se zákonem.V závěru volá po nutnosti harmonizace české úpravy s úpravou evropskou s ohledem na rozpor se zásadou rovného zacházení.

The diploma thesis is focused on the comparison of effective taxation of consumption and structure of tax revenues between new and old member states of the European Union. Two predetermined hypotheses were tested in the comparison analysis. Hypothesis I.: New Member States have less effective taxation of consumption than the old ones Hypothesis II.: Revenues from taxes on consumption in the New Member states is different from the yields in the old Member States.Three indicators were tested gradually: implicit tax rate, share of taxes on consumption to gross domestic product and share of taxes on consumption to total taxation. The aim of the thesis was to confirm or to refute predetermined hypotheses and to discuss results of the analysis. In this analysis was used the method Comparison of two means.

The presented diploma thesis focuses on analyzing Spanish correspondence written by Jan Adolf of Schwarzenberg (1615-1683) between 1647 and 1683. The correspondence has yet to be thoroughly explored and is deposited in the State Regional Archive in Třeboň, the department of Český Krumlov - Rodinný archiv Schwarzenberků. Through a content analysis, the author tries to explore the relationship between Jan Adolf of Schwarzenberg and people of a different social status with whom the count had established a written communication; i.e. the author makes an effort to reconstruct the communication network of the baroque nobleman and examine the content of the letters. The author also suggests the typology of Spanish Schwarzenberg participants of the communication, who were divided into Habsburg family members, emperor's emissaries in Madrid, courtiers of Madrid, Spanish emissaries in Vienna, individuals working in the Spanish Netherlands, clerics and agents.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2018-01-23T13:48:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 PalomaVinachesMelguizo_TESE.pdf: 9134510 bytes, checksum: e3a170bd2869b5f767093e13c9c343c8 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2018-01-24T14:26:28Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 PalomaVinachesMelguizo_TESE.pdf: 9134510 bytes, checksum: e3a170bd2869b5f767093e13c9c343c8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-24T14:26:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PalomaVinachesMelguizo_TESE.pdf: 9134510 bytes, checksum: e3a170bd2869b5f767093e13c9c343c8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-10-27 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / Nesta tese de doutorado estudou-se o agente direcionador de estrutura 2-etil-1,3,4- trimetilimidaz?lio no contexto da s?ntese de ze?litas e ze?tipos em meio fluoreto. Inicialmente, foi realizado um estudo aprofundado da ze?lita pura silica HPM-1 para o entendimento do papel do c?tion na nuclea??o e crescimento zeol?tico, conseguindo explicar a forma??o dos canais helicoidais e a ordem de apari??o das unidades secund?rias de constru??o. Subsequentemente, foi empregada uma metodologia de introdu??o de hetero?tomos em HPM-1 para proporcionar propriedades catal?ticas a esta, nunca tendo sido empregada o presente m?todo nesta topologia zeol?tica anteriormente. Como resultado, obtiveram-se tr?s materiais Al-HPM-1 diferentes, que foram caracterizados e testados na rea??o de dehidrata??o de etanol. Finalmente, foi realizado um estudo explorat?rio do c?tion org?nico em s?ntese de ze?tipos (com Si, Al e P), resultando em duas fases SAPO: os ze?tipos CHA e LTA. Foi comprovado que a estrutura SAPO-CHA foi direcionada n?o somente pelo emprego do composto org?nico e do meio fluoreto, mas sua obten??o foi devida ? temperatura e a uma combina??o de dilui??o e tempo. No caso do SAPO-LTA, o efeito direcionador foi consequ?ncia majoritariamente pelo emprego do c?tion org?nico. / In this doctoral thesis the structure-directing agent 2-ethyl-1,3,4-trimethylimidazolium was studied in the context of zeolite and zeotype synthesis in hydrofluoric media. Initially, it was deepened into the study of the pure silica zeolite HPM-1 to understand the role of the cation in the nucleation and growth, explaining the helical channels and the order of secondary building units formation. Subsequently, an alternative methodology of heteroatom introduction, never reported for the present material, was also presented to give HPM-1 catalytic properties. As a result of it, three different Al-HPM-1 samples were obtained, characterized and tested in ethanol dehydration reaction. Finally, an exploratory study of the organic cation in zeotype synthesis (with Si, Al and P) was performed, giving two main SAPO phases: CHA and LTA zeotypes. It was proven that the SAPO-CHA structure was directed not only by the use of the organic cation and the hydrofluoric media, but also its obtention was influenced by the temperature and a combination of dilution and time. In the case of the SAPO-LTA, the directing effect was mainly due to the organic cation.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:07:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LidianeB_DISSERT.pdf: 4154722 bytes, checksum: 488f09116e9123d31a90be2e32d3f613 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-07-20 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Structural changes in waste for zeolites synthesis are subject of many studies carried out in the synthesis of molecular sieves. These materials are named molecular sieves because they have well defined pore sizes and they have the capacity of select molecules by its size. In this work, it was studied the synthesis processes of two types of molecular sieves: pillared acid clays using as starting material one natural montmorillonite clay and the synthesis of zeolites from a silico-aluminous residue. This residue is a byproduct of the extraction of lithium -spodumene. The preparation of pillared acid clays was performed in two steps: 1? acid treatment of clay samples (time and temperature studies) and 2?pilarization of them with Al13 (Keggin ion). The temperature and acid concentration affect the removal of cations in the structure and porosity of the material obtained. The analysis of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and infrared spectroscopy (IR), showed that increasing the severity of the acid treatment compromises the structural material. Also the pore size distribution is approximately uniform. Despite presenting a structural disorganization, the samples were pillared. As evidenced by XRD increasing the basal spacing, specific area and uniform porosity by adsorption of N2. Regarding the microporous molecular sieves were synthesized zeolites A and NaP1 from a silico-aluminous residue, a byproduct of extracting lithium. The temperature and time of agitation during the synthesis were the most important factors for obtaining zeolite A. The aging of the gel and the highest crystallization time promoted the formation of zeolite NaP1 using a Si / Al ratio = 3.2 / Modifica??es estruturais de res?duos para s?ntese de ze?litas ? tema de muitos estudos desenvolvidos na ?rea de s?ntese de peneiras moleculares. Estes materiais s?o chamados de peneiras moleculares por possu?rem tamanho de poros bem definido e por terem a capacidade de selecionar as mol?culas pelo tamanho. Neste trabalho foram estudados os processos de s?ntese de dois tipos de peneiras moleculares: argilas ?cidas pilarizadas, utilizando como mat?ria prima natural uma argila montmorilonita, e tamb?m a s?ntese de ze?litas a partir de um res?duo s?lico-aluminoso subproduto da extra??o de L?tio do -espodum?nio. A prepara??o de argilas ?cidas pilarizadas foi realizada em duas etapas: 1? tratamento ?cido das amostras de argila (estudos de tempo e temperatura) e 2? pilariza??o das mesmas com Al13 (?on de keggin). As vari?veis temperatura e concentra??o do ?cido influenciaram na retirada de c?tions estruturais e na porosidade do material obtido. A partir das an?lises de difra??o de raios-X (DRX) e espectroscopia de infravermelho (IV), observou-se que o aumento da severidade do tratamento ?cido compromete a organiza??o estrutural do material. Tamb?m a distribui??o no tamanho de poros fica menos uniforme. Mesmo apresentando menor organiza??o estrutural, as amostras foram pilarizadas. Foi comprovado por DRX o aumento do espa?amento basal e por adsor??o de N2 o aumento da ?rea espec?fica e uniformiza??o dos poros. Com rela??o ?s peneiras moleculares microporosas, foram sintetizadas ze?litas A e NaP1 a partir de um res?duo s?lico-aluminoso, subproduto da extra??o de L?tio. A temperatura e o tempo de agita??o durante o processo de s?ntese s?o par?metros importantes para a obten??o da ze?lita A. O envelhecimento do gel e o maior tempo de cristaliza??o promoveram a forma??o da ze?lita NaP1, utilizando uma rela??o Si/Al = 3,2

Title: Numerical modeling of free oscillations applied to superconducting-gravimeter data in a low-frequency seismic range Author: Eliška Zábranová Department: Department of Geophysics Supervisor: Doc. RNDr. Ctirad Matyska, DrSc. Abstract: Deformations and changes of the gravitational potential of prestressed selfgravitating elastic bodies caused by free oscillations are described by means of the momentum and Poisson equations and the constitutive relation. For spheri- cally symmetric bodies we transform the equations and boundary conditions into ordinary differential equations of the second order by the spherical harmonic de- composition and further discretize the equations by highly accurate pseudospectral difference schemes on Chebyshev grids. We thus receive a series of matrix eigenvalue problems for eigenfrequencies and eigenfunctions of the free oscillations. Since elas- tic parameters are frequency dependent, we solve the problem for several fiducial frequencies and interpolate the results. Both the mode frequencies and the eigen- functions are benchmarked against the output from the Mineos software package based on Runge-Kutta integration techniques. Subsequently, we use our method to calculate low-frequency synthetic accelerograms of the recent megathrust events and compare them with the observed...

The aim of this thesis is the comparison of taxation of wages of an employee under gross and super-gross wage. In 2016 the government plans to repeal the tax base super-gross wage and restore the calculation of income tax from the gross income. Renewals for 2016 is to increase the tax rate from 15% to 19%. The practical part is devoted to the characteristics of the company Metaxo s. r. o., which deals with metalworking for agricultural entities. The practical part on examples are compared wage calculation mode super-gross wage and gross wage. In wages they are reflected in other related changes that are related to changes in calculation of tax bases. This is a rate increase for payment of health insurance for employees, increasing tax benefits for second and subsequent child and changes to the calculation of execution and insolvency rainfall. The aim is to examine the implications that affect workers, employers and health insurers and other organizations and the state budget. Model examples are applied to wages from practice.