Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:42:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ChristianWL_DISSERT.pdf: 3506891 bytes, checksum: d575f05807a1548e862bbdb4ae0a6222 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-05-23 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / This work reports the synthesis of zeolites with different compositions (pure silica, Si/Ti and Si/Al), via hydroxide and fluoride medium using the cation 1-butyl-3- methylimidazolium as structure directing agent. Initially, the cation was synthesized in chloride form and used for the synthesis in hydroxide medium. An anion-exchange (Cl- for OH-) was required for the synthesis in fluoride medium. Different reactants were used for the formation of gels synthesis, resulting in the crystallization of MFI and TON phases, the latter predominant in many compositions. The cation and synthesized zeolites obtained were characterized by different techniques such as NMR, TG/DTG, XRD, SEM, N2 adsorption and desorption, DRS and EPMA. Besides characterizing the cation and zeolites, the mother liquor of hydroxide synthesis was characterized and it was possible to observe a modification of the cation in the synthesis conditions employed. The materials synthesized in this work can be applied in catalytic reactions and adsorption / Este trabalho relata a s?ntese de ze?litas de diferentes composi??es (puramente sil?cicas, Si/Ti e Si/Al), via meio b?sico e fluor?drico, utilizando o c?tion 1-butil-3- metilimidaz?lio como agente direcionador de estrutura. Inicialmente o c?tion foi sintetizado e utilizado na forma de cloreto para as s?nteses em meio b?sico e uma troca ani?nica (Cl- para OH-) foi necess?ria para as s?nteses em meio fluor?drico. Diferentes reagentes foram empregados para a forma??o dos g?is de s?ntese, resultando na cristaliza??o das fases MFI e TON, esta ?ltima predominante em muitas composi??es de gel testadas. O c?tion sintetizado e as ze?litas obtidas foram caracterizados por diferentes t?cnicas, como RMN, TG/DTG, DRX, MEV, adsor??o e dessor??o de N2, DRS e EPMA. Al?m de caracterizar o c?tion e as ze?litas, a ?gua-m?e das s?nteses em meio b?sico foi caracterizada e foi poss?vel verificar uma modifica??o do c?tion nas condi??es de s?ntese empregadas. Os materiais sintetizados neste trabalho podem ser aplicados em rea??es catal?ticas e de adsor??o

Cílem diplomové práce je zhodnotit vliv financování ze strukturálních fondů EU na NNO v ČR v období 2004-2006. Nejprve práce charakterizuje nestátní neziskové organizace a jejich silné a slabé stránky. Dále je nastíněn mechanismus financování ze SF v ČR a jsou sledovány konkrétní programy, ve kterých se NNO mohly žádat o podporu ze SF, a jejich podmínky. V návaznosti na předchozí zjištění je analyzován vliv čerpání finančních prostředků ze SF na finanční stabilitu, chod, rozvoj a naplňování poslání NNO. Závěrečné hodnocení dopadů na NNO je podloženo dotazníkových šetřením.

Tématem diplomové práce jsou ekologické daně jako nástroj ekologické politiky Evropské unie. Práce mapuje vývoj ekologické politiky EU od jejího vzniku po současnost a zabývá se administrativními a tržně orientovanými nástroji její realizace. Dále se práce zabývá ekologickými daněmi, analyzuje vývoj jejich příjmů a struktury v EU a popisuje jejich harmonizační úpravu v rámci Unie. Analyzována, porovnávána a vyhodnocována je legislativní úprava ekologických daní (energetických, dopravních a daní ze znečištění a z využívání zdrojů) v členských státech EU. Uplatňované sazby spotřební daně z energetických zdrojů jsou porovnávány s minimální výší stanovenou Směrnicí 2003/96/ES o zdanění energetických produktů a elektřiny. Pozornost je také věnována připravované ekologické daňové reformě v České republice.

Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2018-04-04T13:50:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2017 - Guilherme Raymundo Sa.pdf: 3173899 bytes, checksum: 9c3276f740106907243c1c187bbc9d77 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-04T13:50:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2017 - Guilherme Raymundo Sa.pdf: 3173899 bytes, checksum: 9c3276f740106907243c1c187bbc9d77 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-28 / Zeolites are microporous aluminosilicates and have assumed the position of most important catalysts in the chemical industry. However, these microporous materials have the limitation of the diffusion of molecules with larger kinetic diameter. Hybrid materials with hierarchical arrangement of pores in the micro-mesoporous scale have attracted great attention and interest in the last decades because they present acidic activity similar to the microporous zeolites and ordered pore diameter of the mesoporous materials. Beta zeolite can be used in a number of applications, including refining, petrochemical and biomass. The generation of mesopores in the beta zeolite enables higher yields by improving mass transfer in the FCC process. In this work, samples of the mesoporous material SBA-15 were synthesized and used as a source of silica for the synthesis of the mesoporous beta zeolite using the Dry Gel Conversion (DGC) technique. Samples of SBA-15 were submitted to three carbonization methods, using as carbon source sucrose, the organic template and both, in order to fill their pores with carbonaceous material and to prevent the collapse of its structure. The aluminization samples were studied at two times, before and during the dry gel synthesis. Three crystallization times were studied. X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2 adsorption / desorption, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and infrared absorption spectroscopy with Fourier transform (FTIR) were used to characterize the samples. The results indicated that there was formation of zeolite beta presenting mesoporosity for the carbonization method that used only the template as carbon source. These samples showed BEA crystalline structure confirmed by XRD and FTIR analysis and formation of isotherms with type I and IV characteristics, with BET area greater than 500 m? / g, a volume of micropores close to 0.20 cm3 / g and with a volume of mesopores greater than 0.15 cm 3 / g. The other carbonization methods formed an amorphous phase, materials with low crystallinity and formation of polymorphs B and C over polymorph A. The samples presented the formation of mesoporosity did not present the mesopores present in the SBA-15, indicating collapse of the structure during the process of dry gel conversion / Ze?litas s?o aluminossilicatos microporosos e assumiram a posi??o de catalisadores mais importantes na ind?stria qu?mica. Entretanto, esses materiais microporosos possuem a limita??o da difus?o de mol?culas com di?metro cin?tico maior. Os materiais h?bridos com arranjo hier?rquico de poros na escala micro-mesoporosa atra?ram grande aten??o e interesses nas ?ltimas d?cadas pois apresentam atividade ?cida similar ?s ze?litas microporosas e di?metro de poros ordenados dos materiais mesoporosos. A ze?lita Beta pode ser usada em diversas aplica??es, incluindo o refino, a petroqu?mica e o processamento de biomassa. A gera??o de mesoporos na ze?lita beta possibilita maior rendimento melhorando a transfer?ncia de massa no processo de FCC. Neste trabalho foram sintetizadas amostras do material mesoporoso SBA-15 e utilizadas como fonte de s?lica para a s?ntese da ze?lita beta mesoporosa em meio seco utilizando a t?cnica de Dry Gel Conversion (DGC). As amostras de SBA-15 foram submetidas a tr?s m?todos de carboniza??o, utilizando como fonte de carbono sacarose, o direcionador de estrutura e ambos, com o objetivo de preencher seus poros com material carbon?ceo e evitar o colapso de sua estrutura. A aluminiza??o das amostras foi estudada em dois momentos, antes e durante a s?ntese do gel seco. Foram estudados tr?s tempos de cristaliza??o. Para caracteriza??o das amostras foram utilizadas as t?cnicas de difra??o de raios-X (DRX), adsor??o/dessor??o de N2, resson?ncia magn?tica nuclear (RMN), microscopia eletr?nica de varredura (MEV) e espectroscopia de absor??o no infra vermelho com transformada de Fourier (FTIR). Os resultados indicaram que houve a forma??o de ze?lita beta apresentando mesoporosidade para o m?todo de carboniza??o que utilizou apenas o direcionador de estrutura como fonte de carbono. Estas amostras apresentaram estrutura cristalina BEA confirmado pelas an?lises de DRX e FTIR e forma??o de isotermas com caracter?sticas do tipo I e IV, com ?rea BET superior a 500m?/g, um volume de microporos pr?ximos de 0,20 cm3/g e com um volume de mesoporos superior a 0,15 cm3/g. Os demais m?todos de carboniza??o formaram uma fase amorfa, materiais de baixa cristalinidade e com forma??o dos polimorfos B e C em detrimento ao polimorfo A. Os melhores resultados foram obtidos com o tempo de cristaliza??o de 48 horas. As amostras apresentando a forma??o de mesoporosidade n?o apresentaram os mes n?o apresentaram os mes n?o apresentaram os mesn?o apresentaram os mes n?o apresentaram os mesn?o apresentaram os mes n?o apresentaram os mes n?o apresentaram os mesn?o apresentaram os mes n?o apresentaram os mes n?o apresentaram os mes oporos presentes na SBA oporos presentes na SBA oporos presentes na SBA oporos presentes na SBA oporos presentes na SBA oporos presentes na SBA oporos presentes na SBAoporos presentes na SBAoporos presentes na SBAoporos presentes na SBA-15, indicando colapso da 15, indicando colapso da 15, indicando colapso da 15, indicando colapso da 15, indicando colapso da 15, indicando colapso da 15, indicando colapso da 15, indicando colapso da 15, indicando colapso da estrutura estrutura estrutura durante o processo de s?ntese seca

Os três ensaios a seguir procuram tratar, de maneira interdisciplinar, do cancionista Tom Zé e de sua obra em sua relação com a Tropicália e a indústria fonográfica em três tempos: na década de 1960, às voltas de sua premiação no IV Festival da Música Popular Brasileira da TV Record em 1968; na década de 2000, quando efemérides celebram o tropicalismo, Tom Zé retoma sua atividade musical midiática com o selo de David Byrne e também publica Tropicalista Lenta Luta (2003); e na década de 2010, quando o cancionista grava o disco Tropicália Lixo Lógico (2012), um dos projetos contemplados pelo financiamento do edital Natura Musical 2011. Em diálogo com a bibliografia sobre Indústria Cultural, com a Teoria Crítica e com a bibliografia sobre o campo de Canção Comercial-Popular Brasileira, este trabalho procura uma reflexão sobre o arco que compreende, no percurso de Tom Zé como no mercado fonográfico brasileiro, a passagem de uma \'lógica do Festival\' para uma possível \'lógica do Edital\'; e sobre as figurações da Tropicália nas obras do cancionista, em especial observando as intersecções dessas representações com elementos regionais nordestinos. / These three essays examine in an interdisciplinary approach composer Tom Ze\'s music path in three different periods: during the 1960\'s, when he was rewarded a prize in a television Brazilian Popular Music Festival in 1968; later in the 2000\'s, when the composer restarted his career putting an end to a long-term period of seclusion after David Byrne\'s record company Luaka Bop had launched a Tom Ze\'s song collection in United States; and in the early 2010\'s when the Brazilian musician recorded an album named Tropicália Lixo Lógico (2012), sponsored by a both public and private funding, in which he has emphasized the importance of his local roots in his work and in Tropicalia genesis itself. By establishing theoretical ties with the literature about Brazilian Cultural and Music Industries, with Critical Theory bibliography and with the study field about Popular Brazilian Song, jointly these essays reflect on the historical arch in Tom Ze\'s trajectory between the time of the \'great festivals\' and the current policies of art financing in Brazil, also discussing how Tom Ze\'s works represent the Tropicalia movement itself, especially concerning their intersections with elements of Brazil\'s Northwest region.

This thesis aims at clarifying the very basic characteristics of Wu Ze Tian&rsquo / s reign and her utilization of religious and symbolic propaganda for legitimizing her authority. Wu Ze Tian is the only female emperor of China&rsquo / s long dynastic history who founded her own dynasty, Zhou dynasty after overthrowing the Tang dynasty in 690. The political ideal presented by Confucianism, which is the traditional state doctrine of the imperial China, refuses female participation to political arena and identifies the emperor as the Son of Heaven. In order to overcome the Confucian obstacle, Wu Ze Tian referred to the symbols and rituals of the antiquity, highly appraised by the Confucians, which enabled her participation to the political sphere. Moreover, for legitimizing herself as a female ruler, she utilized the Buddhist scholarship and concepts as tools of political propaganda. It was also a matter of fact that due to the northwestern nomadic influence on the society, female rulership was not conceived to be impossible in the Tang dynasty, as it was in the previous dynasties. Benefitting from this sociopolitical atmosphere, Wu Ze Tian occupied the throne first as the empress and later as the empress dowager for almost 35 years and at last ruled over the whole Chinese soil as the female emperor of the Zhou dynasty for 15 years. Wu Ze Tian proved herself as a capable ruler under whose dominion the whole country reached its broadest borders and the economy flourished considerably. Not only owing to the power of her political propaganda but also mostly because of her talent in rulership and her social and political reforms, Wu Ze Tian is one the most important Chinese rulers who left a remarkable influence on the governmental tradition of China.

The main goal of this thesis is to design Eurozone budget that would be able to perform stabilization function and thereby help Eurozone member states overcome temporary asymmetric shocks in times of financial and economic crisis. The literature review includes description of principle of fiscal federalism and up-to-date scientific articles dedicated to stabilization function of a budget, European budgetary structures and other issues relevant for the Eurozone budget design. The practical part contains concrete steps to design Eurozone budget, namely identification of its size and also description and quantification of individual revenues and expenditures of the Eurozone budget. Eurozone unemployment scheme consisting of Eurozone payroll tax and unemployment benefits repre-sents autonomous and the most important part of the budget. Eurozone budget is then commented and analyzed as a whole in recommendations and discussion and a few important topics of further research are identified in the conclusion of this thesis.

The main topic of this diploma thesis is tax competition in the field of corporate tax. Its first part, among others, describes parameters, whose influence on tax collection was analysed by authors in different periods and judicatures. The importance of selected factors in the circumstances of the Czech Republic between 1998 and 2012 is then tested by multivariate regression analysis. The results show that - despite of expectations - statutory tax rate together with level of profit of companies are not the only key determinants. Other parametres describing openness of the international trade, level of investitions, national productivity rate or deficit of the national budget play their role as well. Based on these results, recommendations for the authors of the tax politics are presented.

Content of diploma project is primarily theme of natural buildings. It is complex subject of materials, technologies, environmental conditions and most of all integration into the landscape knowledges. Manmade living spaces that respect the laws of nature and friendly approach to the environment, maybe so called as Bio Houses. Surname Bio Solar Houses are named those with maximal use of solar energy. Part of this project is overview of various types of natural buildings, possibilities of using natural materials and approaches to the use of solar power. Own design presents study of the family earth house and garden project of a plot. For project was selected building side in a calm location of Prague Troja. This sloping plot is oriented at South so it gives the best conditions for this building concept. The house benefits from all positives of the earth buildings. Mainly perfect thermal insulation and acoustics properties, which are connected with saving energy. There is moreover interior accumulative wall, which increases heat gains during the winter season. Ventilation system, heating and cooling use vertical ground heat pump and ground heat exchanger. Hot water is prepared by Solar panels with support of photovoltaic system. Rain water is collected for further use. Garden reflects the character of family house, natural conditions of the place and the purpose of use. It is designed for relaxation, active leisure time and for utility. Important role plays a psychological effect coming from choice of elements, especially small garden architecture, materials, tree planting, perennials and interactions of overall composition. The plot has complex design with use of natural environmental properties to create space for living. According to the laws of nature garden never serves only for humans, it is also home for many representatives of small animals and vegetation.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-06-23T19:49:19Z No. of bitstreams: 1 EdianaPaulaRebitski_DISSERT.pdf: 5282849 bytes, checksum: f1a7a2f4009a400f77db6f24d30a9596 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-06-27T19:26:26Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 EdianaPaulaRebitski_DISSERT.pdf: 5282849 bytes, checksum: f1a7a2f4009a400f77db6f24d30a9596 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-27T19:26:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 EdianaPaulaRebitski_DISSERT.pdf: 5282849 bytes, checksum: f1a7a2f4009a400f77db6f24d30a9596 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-05-22 / Bionanocomp?sitos s?o materiais nanoestruturados h?bridos org?nico-inorg?nico que envolvem uma contrapartida org?nica de origem biol?gica, por exemplo, um biopol?mero, associado a um s?lido inorg?nico em nanoescala. Materiais bioh?bridos a base de argilominerais (montmorillonita, sepiolita) e s?lidos inorg?nicos (hidr?xidos duplos lamelares) s?o uma boa op??o para diversas aplica??es (tais como biom?dicas) devido ao seu baixo custo, biodegradabilidade e biocompatibilidade. Devido a capacidade de troca i?nica, ?rea espec?fica elevada e a capacidade de adsor??o que esses materiais possuem, ? poss?vel combinar uma grande variedade de esp?cies org?nicas, tais como drogas, na qualidade de transportadoras. Neste contexto, este trabalho apresenta a prepara??o de novos bionanocomp?sitos com base na combina??o dos biopol?meros carboximetilcelulose e ze?na como revestimento do h?brido, argilomineral - antibi?tico e hidr?xidos duplos lamelares-antibi?tico. Para a s?ntese dos materiais bioh?bridos foi utilizado o antibi?tico neomicina de uso t?pico e amoxicilina de uso oral como f?rmacos modelos, o qual, foram incorporados nos argilominerais e hidr?xidos duplos lamelares por processo de intercala??o por troca i?nica e por adsor??o. / Bionanocomposites systems clay base (montmorillonite and sepiolite), layered double hidroxides and biopolymers (carboxymethylcellulose and zein) were evaluated as topical delivery systems with antibacterial activity and as oral delivery systems. For this study, neomycin, a topical antibiotic, indicated mainly for open wound infections. The drug amoxicillin, an antibiotic indicated mainly for throat infections, were also used in this study. Both antibiotics were used as model drugs. Initially, drugs were incorporated directly into the biopolymer matrix, comprising the combination of carboxymethylcellulos and zein, being conformed as movies and balls and evaluated for their antibacterial activity and controlled release simulating gastrointestinal fluids. Moreover, hybrids materials have been prepared where the neomycin drug was incorporated into the lamellar inorganic solids, such as montmorillonite by ion exchange reaction, and the fibrous type, such as sepiolite by adsorption in aqueous solution. But the drug amoxicillin was incorporated into layered double hydroxides by anion exchange and montmorillonite by cation exchange. The resulting hybrids were in turn combined with the biopolymer matrix yielding bionanocomposites shaped materials such as films were tested for their antibacterial activity, and the shaped materials beads were tested for their release in the gastrointestinal fluids. Through the analysis of various physico-chemical techniques, we observed the interactions between the studied materials, the formation of hybrids materials, obtaining the bionanocomposites materials and material efficiency when applied in controlled release of drugs both topical and use oral mainly influenced by the presence of zein, are promising as topical delivery systems and oral drugs.