<p>This study presents new detrital zircon geochronologic data from Jurassic to Cretaceous sedimentary basins and modern rivers in south-central Alaska in order to examine the sedimentary record of magmatism and tectonics associated with the Mesozoic to Cenozoic growth of the southern Alaska convergent margin. Jurassic to Cretaceous strata of the Wrangell Mountains, Nutzotin, and Wellesly basins formed coeval with the Mesozoic accretion of the Wrangellia composite terrane (WCT) to the continental margin. New detrital zircon data from the Wrangell Mountains and Nutzotin basins demonstrate that these basins were derived primarily from sources associated with the WCT, with little to no derivation from continental margin sources. Detrital zircon ages from the Wrangell Mountains and Nutzotin basins are very similar, suggesting that these basins may have initially formed in a connected retroarc basin system. New detrital zircon data from the Wellesly basin show that the basin was source chiefly from continental margin sources. These ages show that the Wellesly basin is not related to the Nutzotin basin as previously suggested, and may be genetically related to the Kahiltna basin; this suggests that ~330-390 km of post-collisional strike-slip offset occurred along the Denali Fault. Comparing our new data with a regional detrital zircon database from similar-aged depocenters shows that there is a strong provenance and temporal link between outboard and inboard depocenters, with these depocenters being sourced from the same magmatic arcs from the late Jurassic to the late Cretaceous. Our findings from these comparisons are most consistent with a scenario where the WCT was accreted to the margin along an eastward-dipping subduction zone, in contrast to recent suggestions that the accretion was the result of westward-dipping subduction. New and previously published detrital zircon ages from the Tanana, Matanuska-Susitna, and Copper River watersheds in south-central Alaska document the major magmatic episodes that occurred along the southern Alaska convergent margin. These magmatic episodes display a periodicity that is similar to documented cyclic magmatic patterns in other regions along the Cordilleran margin, suggesting similar processes may be occurring margin-wide. The magmatic record of south-central Alaska can also be compared with the magmatic record of other regions in the northern Cordillera such as the Coast Plutonic Complex in British Columbia and the western Alaska Peninsula, which shows a spatial and temporal relationship of magmatism along the entire northern Cordilleran margin.</p>

No description available.

No description available.

The Mazatzal orogeny (1.66-1.60 Ga) is a key element of the tectonic evolution of the North American continent during the Proterozoic (Whitmeyer and Karlstrom, 2007). Recently, Mesoproterozoic detrital zircon grains (1.55-1.45 Ga) have been found in metasedimentary rocks that were thought to have been deformed during the Paleoproterozoic Mazatzal orogeny (Jones et al. 2011; Doe et al. 2012, 2013; Daniel et al. 2013). Some type examples Mazatzal deformation now seem to be too young to have been deformed in the accepted time of that orogeny (1.66-1.60 Ga) and may have been deformed in the younger, newly defined, Picuris orogeny. This leads to questions regarding the timing and nature of the Mazatzal orogeny and its importance in the evolution of the North American continent. The object of this research is to constrain the timing of deformation related to the Mazatzal and Picuris orogenies and clarify the Proterozoic history of the North American continent. The Four Peaks area in central Arizona has been selected as an ideal location to tightly constrain the timing of deformation. The area hosts a package of Proterozoic metasedimentary rocks that are folded into a kilometer-scale syncline, surrounded by vi Mesoproterozoic to Paleoproterozoic granitoids. The Four Peaks syncline has been considered a type example of Mazatzal-age deformation (Karlstrom and Bowring, 1988). Zircon and monazite geochronology are presented along with structural and petrologic data in order to understand the geologic history of the Four Peaks area. The evidence suggests that three deformation events occurred at ~1675 Ma, 1665-1655 Ma and 1490-1450 Ma. Sedimentary deposition occurred 1665-1655 Ma and 1520-1490 Ma with a significant disconformity in between these episodes. Both the Mazatzal and Picuris orogenies can be associated with periods of deformation, sedimentary deposition and pluton emplacement. The most significant shortening event, which formed the Four Peaks syncline, occurred during Mesoproterozoic time and was related to the Picuris orogeny.

No description available.

The Tjeliken Mountain in northern Jämtland, central Scandinavian Caledonides is by most authors considered to belong to the Lower Seve Nappe Complex (SNC). However, recently P-T conditions similar to the Middle Seve have been constrained for the eclogite at the top of the mountain, revitalizing the tectonic debate about Tjeliken. Also the timing of high-pressure metamorphism is debated. Two earlier studies of the eclogite yield ages between 464 Ma and 446 Ma. This study focuses on the garnet-phengite gneiss hosting the eclogite. By construction of P-T conditions and dating the two discrepancies above are investigated. U/Pb zircon dating by secondary ion mass spectrometry technique (SIMS) targeted on metamorphic rims yield a concordia age of 460.2 ± 2.7 Ma corresponding well to earlier c. 463.7 ± 8.9 Ma Sm/Nd dating of the eclogite. The inferred peak mineral assemblage of the gneiss is garnet + phengite + quartz + K-feldspar + titanite ± H2O. Thermodynamic modelling reveal that garnet cores equilibrated within 1.9 - 2.6 GPa and 600 - 700 oC. Fe2+-Mg garnet-phengite thermometry involving garnet rims yields temperatures of c. 650 - 715 oC revealing relatively similar temperatures during growth of garnet core and rim, respectively. Garnet chemistry is characterised by oscillatory zoning with an antithetic pattern of Ca and Fe. The former decreases from core to rim, whereas the latter increases. The opposite trend is observed in epidote-group minerals suggesting exchange between the two minerals during garnet growth. Skeletal textures and atoll textures together with observed chemical pattern may indicate multiple garnet growth episodes. The results of the study points toward similar P-T history of the Tjeliken eclogite and gneiss in favour of the interpretation of considering the whole Tjeliken to belong to the Lower Seve. The obtained U/Pb age support other age constraints in the area suggesting high-pressure metamorphism at c. 460 Ma related to a subduction event affecting the central Scandinavian Caledonides at c. 460 - 450 Ma. / Den skandinaviska fjällkedjan, vetenskapligt benämnd de skandinaviska Kaledoniderna, har bildats på samma sätt som Himalaya och har därför liknande uppbyggnad. Från början tros fjällen ha varit av samma storlek som Himalayas berg. Deras ålder på cirka 400 miljoner år gör dock att miljontals års påverkan från vatten och vind har eroderat ner dem till dagens betydligt lägre fjäll. Den bergsyta vi ser idag utgör därför vad som från början var fjällkedjans kärna. Därför utgör de skandinaviska Kaledoniderna en unik möjlighet att studera en bergskedjas inre, vilket kan ge viktig information om bergkedjebildande processer.Forskning har visat att fjällkedjan bildades då Japetushavet mellan kontinenterna Baltika och Laurentia stängdes. Detta resulterade till slut i en kollision mellan de två kontinenterna där stora flak (skollor) av mellanliggande havsbotten och kontinentalskorpa transporterades hundratals kilometer upp på Baltika. Skollorna utgör idag våra fjäll. Känt är också att innan kontinentalkollisionen så kolliderade Baltika med öar i havet, varvid dess kontinentalkant pressades djupt ner under jordskorpan, ända ner i manteln. Bevis för detta återfinns idag i Sevesskollan ibland annat de jämtländska fjällen i form av högtrycksbergarter. Dessa har bildats under de höga tryck och temperaturer som råder på stora djup i jordens inre. Genom att studera högtrycksbergarter kan man förstå fjällkedjans bildande. Fjället Tjeliken i norra Jämtland är en av de idag kända fyndplatserna av högtrycksbergarter. Dess topp består av bergarten eklogit och dess lägre delar av gnejs, samt kvarts. Tidigare studier av eklogiten visar att den har bildats vid tryck och temperatur på cirka 2.6 GPa och 700 °C, vilket motsvarar att den varit nedpressad cirka 80 km under jordytan. Den exakta tidpunkten då detta skedde har inte kunnat fastställas då olika dateringsmetoder gett olika resultat mellan cirka 464 till 446 miljoner år sedan. I denna studie studeras tryck- och temperaturförhållanden för gnejsen som jämförelse till eklogiten, för att kunna fastställa om de båda bergarterna har genomgått samma bildningsprocesser. En ny datering genomförs också för att bättre kunna fastställa tidpunkten för högtrycksfasen.Datering baserat på radioaktivt sönderfall av uran till bly i mineralet zirkon visar att högtrycksfasen inträffade för cirka 460 miljoner år sedan. Modellering baserat på termodynamiska principer visar att kärnorna i mineralet granat bildades inom tryck- och temperaturområdet 1.9–2.6 GPa och c. 680-700 °C. En komplex kemisk zonering av granaterna indikerar att de möjligen bildades under flera tillväxtfaser, vilka inom ramen för denna studie inte kunnat modelleras, då mer avancerade metoder krävs. Denna studie visar dock att eklogiten och gnejsen sannolikt delar en gemensam tryck- och temperaturhistoria, vilken är relaterad till den djupa nedpressningen av Baltikas kontinentalkant under sen ordovicium. Dateringen stödjer även övriga åldersdateringar i området av högtrycksfasen.

The outcrops Praia de Japaratinga, Barreiras do Boqueirão and Morro de Camaragibe, Alagoas sub-basin, are located in the cities of Japaratinga and Passo de Camaragibe, northern state of Alagoas. These exposures show facies of the deposits of a fluvial-deltaic-turbidity system, until now attributed to Maceió Formation, Lower Aptian age. Their facies characterize deposits of catastrophic flows with SW dominant paleocurrent, that are cuted by streams channeled oblique paleocurrent the last, about to SE, indicating at least the existence of two distinct sources areas. This study aimed to indicate the source of these sediments joining stratigraphy, petrography, whole rock geochemistry and geochronology of detrital zircon via LA-ICP-MS data. Both geochemical whole rock, as the geochronology of zircons showed different chemistry and age patterns for facies paleocurrent SW regarding the facies of SE paleocurrent. The detrital zircon ages found in the samples, although. indicate origin of the Borborema Province, there was a predominance of Neoproterozoic age crystals for the SW Paleocurrent facies, and Neoproterozoic ages with contribution of Paleoproterozoic and Mesoproterozoic terranes for facies paleocurrent SE. Regarding the stratigraphic position of the studied outcrops, it was used palynology in siltstones and shales for obtaining depositional age. The presence of pollen species Sergipea tenuiverrucata is indicative of Upper Aptian age for the rich black shales in conchostracans and fish fragments present in the top section of the outcrop Barreiras do Boqueirão. This age puts such outcrops stratigraphically above the Maceió Formation, considered deposited in Aptian Lower to Middle. / Os afloramentos Praia de Japaratinga, Barreiras do Boqueirão e Morro de Camaragibe, sub-bacia de Alagoas, estão localizados nos municípios de Japaratinga e Passo de Camaragibe, ao norte do Estado de Alagoas. Essas exposições exibem fácies de depósitos de um sistema flúvio-deltaico-turbidítico, até então atribuídos à Formação Maceió, de idade eoptiana. As fácies caracterizadas nesses afloramentos compõem depósitos de fluxos gravitacionais catastróficos com duas direções principais de paleocorrentes: uma dominante para SW, a qual tem seus estratos em parte erodidos por fluxos canalizados com paleocorrente de direção SE, indicando no mínimo a existência de duas áreas fontes distintas. Este trabalho objetivou indicar a proveniência desses sedimentos unindo dados de análise faciológica, petrografia, palinologia, geoquímica de rocha total e geocronologia em zircão detrítico via LA-ICP-MS. O posicionamento estratigráfico dos afloramentos estudados, foi utilizada a palinologia em siltitos e folhelhos para obtenção de idade deposicional. A presença de pólen da espécie Sergipea tenuiverrucata, indicativa de idade eoaptiana, para os folhelhos negros ricos em conchostráceos e fragmentos de peixes, presentes no topo da seção no afloramento Barreiras do Boqueirão. Essa idade coloca tais afloramento estratigraficamente acima da Formação Maceió, considerada como depositada entre o Eoaptiano e Mesoaptiano. No tocante à proveniência, tanto a geoquímica de rocha total, quanto a geocronologia dos zircões mostraram assinaturas distintas para as duas principais direções de paleocorrentes. As idades de zircão detrítico encontradas nas amostras estudadas apontam a Província Borborema como área fonte. Duas frequências distintas de idades foram caracterizadas: o predomínio de cristais com idades neoproterozóicas para a fácies de paleocorrentes SW, e de idades neoproterozóicas com contribuição de terrenos paleoproterozóicos e mesoproterozóicos para a fácies de paleocorrente SE.

The origin of silicic magma in basalt-dominated oceanic settings is fundamental to our understanding of magmatic processes and formation of the earliest continental crust. Particularly significant is magma-crust interaction that can modify the composition of magma and the dynamics of volcanism. This thesis investigates silicic magma genesis on different scales in two ocean island settings. First, volcanic products from a series of voluminous Neogene silicic centres in northeast Iceland are investigated using rock and mineral geochemistry, U-Pb geochronology, and oxygen isotope analysis. Second, interfacial processes of magma-crust interaction are investigated using geochemistry and 3D X-ray computed microtomography on crustal xenoliths from the 2011-12 El Hierro eruption, Canary Islands. The results from northeast Iceland constrain a rapid outburst of silicic magmatism driven by a flare of the Iceland plume and/or by formation of a new rift zone, causing large volume injection of basaltic magma into hydrated basaltic crust. This promoted crustal recycling by partial melting of the hydrothermally altered Icelandic crust, thereby producing mixed-origin silicic melt pockets that reflect the heterogeneous nature of the crustal protolith with respect to oxygen isotopes. In particular, a previously unrecognised high-δ18O end-member on Iceland was documented, which implies potentially complex multi-component assimilation histories for magmas ascending through the Icelandic crust. Common geochemical traits between Icelandic and Hadean zircon populations strengthen the concept of Iceland as an analogue for early Earth, implying that crustal recycling in emergent rifts was pivotal in generating Earth’s earliest continental silicic crust. Crustal xenoliths from the El Hierro 2011-2012 eruption underline the role of partial melting and assimilation of pre-island sedimentary layers in the early shield-building phase of ocean islands. This phenomenon may contribute to the formation of evolved magmas, and importantly, the release of volatiles from the xenoliths may be sufficient to increase the volatile load of the magma and temporarily alter the character and intensity of an eruption. This thesis sheds new light on the generation of silicic magma in basalt-dominated oceanic settings and emphasises the relevance of magma-crust interaction for magma evolution, silicic crust formation, and eruption style from early Earth to present.

The tectonic significance and age of carbonatite intrusions in the western Foreland Belt of the Canadian Cordillera are poorly constrained. Recent 1:5,000 scale field mapping of one of these carbonatite intrusions, the Aley carbonatite (NTS 94 B/5), has demonstrated that it was emplaced as a syn-kinematic sill, coeval with a major nappe-forming tectonic event. Determining the age of the Aley carbonatite therefore provides a means of directly dating tectonism related to carbonatite magmatism. A U-Pb titanite age of 365.9 +/- 2.1 Ma was obtained from the Ospika pipe, an ultramafic diatreme spatially and genetically related to the carbonatite. We interpret the Late Devonian age of the Ospika pipe to be the minimum possible age of the carbonatite and syn-magmatic nappe-forming tectonic event. The maximum possible age of the carbonatite is constrained by the Early Devonian age of the Road River Group (ca. 410 Ma), the youngest strata intruded by carbonatite dykes and involved in the nappe forming event. Our dating results for the Aley carbonatite closely correlate with U-Pb zircon and perovskite ages obtained for the Ice River carbonatite complex in the western Foreland Belt of the southern Canadian Cordillera, and support the interpretation of carbonatite intrusions of the western Foreland Belt as genetically linked components of an alkaline-carbonatitic magmatic province. Structural, stratigraphic, and geochronological data from the Aley area indicate that deformation was similar in style to, and coeval with, structures attributable to the Antler Orogeny, and are consistent with the Antler orogen having extended the length of Cordilleran margin from the southern United States to Alaska. Deformed alkaline-carbonatite intrusions that characterize continental suture zones in Africa and Tibet may provide an analogue for the Aley carbonatite and correlative alkaline-carbonatite complexes in the western Foreland Belt. / Graduate / 0372 / mcleish@uvic.ca

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-22T21:58:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cristovao da Silva Valerio.pdf: 2741646 bytes, checksum: 5327b16a1cfaa6bbb8b1b48cad050ee1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-04-18 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This work presents the geological arrangement of an area of ~560km2, located at the southwestern this district, where aerial disposition, contact relationships, petrographic and geochemistry variations and the Pb-Pb zircon geochronology are characterized, allowing to comment about the possible sources and ages of those rocks, beyond to propose a geodynamic model for northern Ventuari-Tapajós Province. This study was developed in three stages: (1) bibliographical revision and interpretation of the remote sensing products LANDSAT 5/TM, JERS, DTM, and SAR/SIPAM; (2) geological mapping and sampling; and (3) preparation of the samples for petrographic analyses, whole-rock geochemistry, and Pb- Pb zircon geochronology. The studied area is represented from monzogranites to diorites of the Água Branca Intrusive Suite, vulcanites of the Iricoumé Group, alkali-granites of the Mapuera Intrusive Suite, biotite granite (rapakivi) of the São Gabriel batholite and Neoproterozoic sediments of the Prosperança Formation. Assemble that geological setting, the Canoas Anorthosite, mafic and felsic dikes, beyond cenozoic laterithic coverings. The geochemistry and Pb-Pb zircon geochronology evaluation individualized two rock groups formed in different magmatic events delimited by ca. 1.89 B.y. ago, in which were generated high-K calc-alkaline biotite (hornblende) granites of the Água Branca Intrusive Suite (1898±3, 1895±3 e 1890±2Ma) and post-collisional to within-plate rhyolites, andesites, ignimbrites, K-feldspar granites and rapakivi biotite granites grouped, respectively, in the Iricoumé Group (1883±4Ma), Mapuera Intrusive Suite and São Gabriel batholite (1889±2Ma). I-type Água Branca granitoids revealed weakly peraluminous to metaluminous characteristics, high content in Ba, Sr and Rb/Zr, from LREE to HREE moderately fractionated, sin-collisional tectonic setting. The value of 1936±6Ma was considered as the contamination age from host-rock zircon crystals and 2002±14Ma age, in single-zircon crystal, was interpreted as inherited Pb-component originating from the late-transamazonian source. Post-collisional to within-plate studied rocks demonstrated weakly peraluminous, sub-alkaline, high- to ultra-K characteristics, high levels of Nb, Rb, Ta, Zr, Y e K/Rb and LREE weakly to moderately fractionated in relation to HREE. Different magmatic series and intracratonic reactivation suggest a tectonic model for the northern Ventuari-Tapajós Province is subduction-related paleoplate oceanic in the Amazonian proto-craton. This model brings about the collage and construction final processes of the Ventuari-Tapajós Province. After, processes of continental crust relaxation, post-collisional uplift and associated-caldroncollapse regional tension has occurred (i.e. vulcanites and granitoids of the Iricoumé-São Gabriel magmatism, and Mapuera ultra-K granitegenesis). The granitoids and vulcanites of the study area are compared in this work to the Tapajós Gold Province rocks, in the southern of the Ventuari-Tapajós Province, based on geochemistry and Pb-Pb zircon geochronology data. Therefore, Água Branca, Iricoumé and Mapuera units are correlated respectively to Parauari Intrusive Suite, Moraes Almeida Formation (Iriri Group) and Maloquinha Intrusive Suite. / Este trabalho apresenta o arranjo geológico de uma área de cerca de 560km2, localizada na porção sudoeste deste município, onde são caracterizadas a disposição areal, relações de contato, variações petrográficas e geoquímicas e a geocronologia Pb-Pb dos principais litotipos identificados nessa região, permitindo assim arquitetar comentários sobre as possíveis fontes e idades dessas rochas e propor um modelo geodinâmico para a porção norte da Província Ventuari-Tapajós. Os métodos de trabalho foram divididos em três etapas: (1) revisão bibliográfica e interpretação dos produtos de sensores remotos LANDSAT 5/TM, JERS, MDT e SAR/SIPAM; (2) mapeamento geológico e coleta de amostras; e (3) preparação das amostras para análises petrográficas, geoquímicas em rocha total e a geocronologia Pb-Pb em zircão. A área estudada é representada por monzogranitos a dioritos da Suíte intrusiva Água Branca, vulcanitos do Grupo Iricoumé, álcali-granitos da Suíte Intrusiva Mapuera, biotita granito do batólito São Gabriel e sedimentos proterozóicos da Formação Prosperança. Completam esse quadro, o Anortosito Canoas , diques máficos e félsicos, além de coberturas lateríticas do Cenozóico. As avaliações petrográficas, geoquímicas e a geocronologia Pb-Pb em zircão permitiram individualizar dois grupos de rochas formados em diferentes eventos magmáticos delimitados há ~1,89Ga. O primeiro grupo, constituído por rochas da Suíte intrusiva Água Branca, exibe características metaluminosa à fracamente peraluminosa, subalcalina (calcialcalina), tipo-I de médio a alto-K, conteúdos comparativamente altos em Ba, Sr e Rb/Zr e moderado a forte fracionamento dos ETR leves em relação aos ETR pesados. As idades Pb-Pb de 1898±3, 1895±3 e 1890±2Ma foram interpretadas como idades de cristalização, enquanto, que o valor médio de 1936±6Ma foi considerado como a idade de cristais de zircão da rocha encaixante e a idade 2002±14Ma, interpretada como idade de cristalização de um único cristal de zircão oriundo de uma rocha fonte tardi-transamazônica. As rochas pós-colisionais a intraplaca do Grupo Iricoumé, Suíte Intrusiva Mapuera e do batólito São Gabriel revelam características fracamente peraluminosa, subalcalina à alcalina, tipo-A de alto-K à ultra-K, mostram um enriquecimento em K, Nb, Rb, Ta, Zr, Y e K/Rb e moderado a fraco fracionamento dos ETR leves em relação aos ETR pesados. A idade de 1883±4Ma do Grupo Iricoumé foi caracterizada como a idade de cristalização, enquanto, a idade de 1889±2Ma do batólito São Gabriel foi interpretada como a idade de mínima de cristalização. As distintas séries magmáticas, acompanhadas de processos de reativação intracratônicos, sugerem que o modelo tectônico da borda norte da bacia do Amazonas, Província Ventuari-Tapajós, está relacionado à subducção da paleoplaca oceânica sob à Província Amazônia Central (Tassinari & Macambira 2004), envolvendo os processos finais de colagem e construção da Província Ventuari-Tapajós, associados ao magmatismo Água Branca, seguido do relaxamento da crosta continental, soerguimento pós-colisional e tensão regional com componente transtensional que resultou no vulcanismo Iricoumé, alojamento do batólito São Gabriel e na granitogênese ultra-K Mapuera. As unidades Água Branca, Iricoumé e Mapuera podem ser correlacionadas, respectivamente, à Suíte Intrusiva Parauari, Formação Moraes Almeida (Grupo Iriri) e à Suíte Intrusiva Maloquinha. Apesar da pequena extensão areal, a área estudada mostra interessante diversidade petrográfica e geoquímica, por se tratar de uma zona de amalgamento crustal convergente e pela relativa similaridade com a Província Aurífera Tapajós.