Orientador: Bento Rodrigues de Pontes Junior / Banca: Marcio Antonio Bazani / Banca: Andre Luiz Andreoli / Resumo: Quatro configurações de circuito elétrico são estudadas como opções de ligação em dispositivos eletromecânicos: puramente resistivo, RL em série, RLC em série e RLC em série com indutância de variação não linear. Respostas em frequência, diagramas de bifurcação, históricos no tempo, planos de fase, mapas de Poincaré e espectros de frequência são utilizados nas análises. Os três circuitos lineares explorados na dissertação revelam algumas diferenças em termos da transmissibilidade de deslocamento. O sistema com circuito puramente resistivo tem as mesmas características de um sistema puramente mecânico e viscosamente amortecido, mas a resistência elétrica e o fator de amortecimento viscoso se relacionam de forma inversamente proporcional. As respostas dos circuitos RL e RLC, ambos em série, apresentam aspectos mais comportados. A principal diferença entre os sistemas com circuitos RL e RLC em série está principalmente na transmissibilidade para baixas frequências. Embora com uma pequena diferença, a transmissibilidade do sistema com circuito RLC é menor do que a do sistema com circuito RL, para baixas frequências. Para o sistema não linear, nas respostas em frequência e diagramas de bifurcação percebem-se regiões de resposta desordenada para valores baixos de resistência elétrica em determinadas faixas de frequência. Com a análise das respostas, notam-se as presenças dos comportamentos dinâmicos periódico, quasi-periódico e caótico. Para valores baixos de resistência elétrica, ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Four configurations of electrical circuit are studied as options of electromechanical devices: purely resistive, RL in series, RLC in series e RLC in series with nonlinear inductance. Frequency responses, bifurcation diagrams, time series, phase plane, Poincaré maps and frequency spectrum are used in analysis. The three linear circuits explored in this dissertation reveal some differences in terms of displacement transmissibility. The system with purely resistive circuit has the same characteristics of a purely viscous damped, but the electrical resistance and the damping factor are inversely proportional. Responses of circuits RL and RLC, both in series, present behaving aspects. The main difference between the systems with RL and RLC circuits is related to the transmissibility for low frequencies. Although with a small difference, the transmissibility of RLC circuit system is smaller than the RL circuit system, for low frequencies. For the nonlinear system, it is possible to perceive disordered response regions for small values of electrical resistance on certain frequency bands. After response analisys, it is noted the presence of periodic, quasi-periodic and chaotic behaviors. For small values of electrical resistance, the choice of capacitance value is very important to determine the type of the dynamic behavior. Small differences of the capacitance values mean significant changes in the system dynamics. It is not rare that even inside the tolerance of electrical compone... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

This diploma thesis deals with the constructional design, followed by the manufacturing of the tester for non-invasive diagnostics of cars shock absorbers. It is a resonant adhesive tester with 3 mm lift of measuring platform, in contrast with standardly manufactured testers with 6 mm lift. By reducing lift of measuring platform is eliminated failure of EUSAMA methodology for problematic vehicles. In the thesis are also included verifications of tester function and comparative measurements with standardly manufactured tester.

En esta investigación se analiza la viabilidad de un negocio enfocado a brindar un servicio de reparación de amortiguadores de impacto, orientado a las compañías mineras de tajo abierto durante su fase de producción. Siendo una alternativa para las empresas mineras de reponer los amortiguadores de impacto a bajo costo operativo, lo reemplazan por nuevos en lugar de recuperarlos, generando altos costos de reposición. La industria minera es un sector muy relevante para la economía nacional, teniendo un aporte del 10% del PBI la última década, por lo que el negocio, propone una alternativa que permita a las compañías mineras tener un adecuado indicador de costo/rendimiento en los amortiguadores de impacto. La propuesta se enfoca en reparar las dos marcas de amortiguadores más utilizadas del mercado nacional, Foremost y Utex (King Cobra), a un bajo costo operativo y en un tiempo adecuado para las compañías mineras. Se ha estimado que las compañías mineras de tajo abierto utilizan un aproximado de 126 amortiguadores de impacto anualmente, siendo este una cantidad atractiva en el sector pues significa un monto de 1.5 millones de dólares por año. Por ello, se ha desarrollado un plan operativo que permita enfocarse en bajos costos operativos y una reparación oportuna, alineado a lo que los clientes valoran. Finalmente, nuestro plan financiero muestra que el proyecto obtiene indicadores positivos, VAN de 10,527 y TIR de 22 % en escenario esperado y una VAN de 86,736 y TIR de 60% en escenario optimista, durante un periodo de 5 años. / This research analyzes the viability of a business focused on providing a shock absorber repair service, aimed at open pit mining companies during their production phase. Being an alternative for mining companies to replace shock absorbers at a low operating cost, they replace it with new ones instead of recovering them, generating high replacement costs. The mining industry is a very relevant sector for the national economy, having a contribution of 10% of GDP in the last decade, so the business proposes an alternative that allows mining companies to have an adequate cost / performance indicator in the shock absorbers. The proposal focuses on repairing the two most used shock absorber brands in the national market, Foremost and Utex (King Cobra), at a low operating cost and in an adequate time for mining companies. It has been estimated that open pit mining companies use approximately 126 shock absorbers annually, this being an attractive amount in the sector since it means an amount of 1.5 million dollars per year. For this reason, an operating plan has been developed that allows focusing on low operating costs and timely repair, aligned with what customers value. Finally, our financial plan shows that the project obtains positive indicators, NPV of 10,527 and IRR of 22% in the expected scenario and a NPV of 86,736 and IRR of 60% in the optimistic scenario, during a period of 5 years. / Trabajo de investigación

High sensitivity uncooled microbolometers are necessary to meet the needs of the next generation of infrared detectors, which seek low power consumption and production cost without sacrificing performance. Presented here is the design, fabrication, and characterization of a microbolometer with responsivity enhanced by novel highly absorptive coatings. The device utilizes a gold-doped vanadium oxide film in a standard air bridge design. Performance estimations are calculated from current theory, and efforts to maximize signal to noise ratio are shown and evaluated. Most notably, presented are the experimental results and analysis from the integration of two different absorptive coatings: a patterned gold black film and a plasmonic resonant structure. Infrared-absorbing gold black was selectively patterned onto the active surfaces of the detector. Patterning by metal lift-off relies on protection of the fragile gold black with an evaporated oxide, which preserves gold black's near unity absorptance. This patterned gold black also survives the dry-etch removal of the sacrificial polyimide used to fabricate the air-bridge bolometers. Infrared responsivity is improved 70% for mid-wave IR and 22% for long-wave IR. The increase in the thermal time constant caused by the additional mass of gold black is a modest 15%. However, this film is sensitive to thermal processing; experimental results indicate a decrease in absorptance upon device heating. Sub-wavelength resonant structures designed for long-wave infrared (LWIR) absorption have also been investigated. Dispersion of the dielectric refractive index provides for multiple overlapping resonances that span the 8-12 ?m LWIR wavelength band, a broader range than can be achieved using the usual resonance quarter-wave cavity engineered into the air-bridge structures. Experimental measurements show an increase in responsivity of 96% for mid-wave IR and 48% for long-wave IR, while thermal response time only increases by 16% due to the increased heat capacity. The resonant structures are not as susceptible to thermal processing as are the gold black films. This work suggests that plasmonic resonant structures can be an ideal method to improve detector performance for microbolometers.

<p> This thesis is a study of numerically controlled machine tools (NCMT), and is divided into four sections. </p> <p> Section A is a literature survey of current concepts, criteria and techniques in design of MCMT structures and drives. Several of the authors own ideas are also included. </p> <p> Section B deals with NCMT manual and computer aided programming techniques. The structure and function of post processors is also covered. </p> <p> Section C is a practical combination of computer design optimization and numerical control manufacture. In an example the geometrical dimensions of a hydrostatic thrust bearing are optimized and used as an input to a generalized APT programme, written to produce a numerical control tape for manufacture of this bearing type. </p> <p> Section D is the discussion and conclusion. </p> / Thesis / Master of Engineering (MEngr)

No description available.

This thesis presents the development and testing of distributed vibration absorber designs with specific application to heavy plates for the reduction of vibration and sound radiation. Two particular designs, already under investigation for use on thin panels or composite materials, were adapted to passively reduce broadband vibration and noise from large and heavy plates. These absorbers are referred to as Distributed Vibration Absorbers [DVAs] and Heterogeneous [HG] Blankets. Numerical models were developed, based on the theory of sound propagation through layered media and the vibration of plates, to simulate the performance of such absorbers for a variety of applications and media characteristics. The new absorber designs were then tested on a large, marine-type plate (4 feet by 2 feet by 1/4 inch) and showed both broadband noise and vibration control from 60 Hz to 5 kHz. DVAs could reduce the vibrating plate resonance magnitudes on the order of 15 dB at their tuning frequencies while providing overall vibration reduction of 5 dB or greater at higher frequencies. HG blankets were also capable of reducing plate resonance vibration up to 15 dB at their tuning frequencies and produced overall vibration reduction of 5 dB at higher frequencies. These absorbers are entirely passive, i.e. requiring no controller or prior modal testing of the structure, were placed randomly during testing, and are designed to contribute less than 10% additional mass to the structure, making them a robust vibration and noise control solution. / Master of Science

In this thesis, the development of a femtosecond Cr⁴⁺:forsterite solid-state laser is described where the mode-locking procedure was initiated using two novel saturable absorbers. One was a GaInNAs quantum-well device and the other a quantum-dot-based saturable absorber. These devices had not previously been exploited for the generation of femtosecond pulses from a solid-state laser but in the course of this project, successful mode-locked laser operation in the femtosecond domain was demonstrated for both devices. When the GaInNAs device was incorporated in the Cr⁴⁺:forsterite laser, transform-limited pulses with durations as short as 62fs were obtained. The performance of this femtosecond laser was significantly superior to that for previous quantum-well based saturable absorbers in the 1300nm spectral region. The dynamics of the device were investigated with the aim of refining subsequent devices and to explore the potential to grow future devices for use at longer wavelengths. At the outset of my research work quantum-dot based saturable absorbers had not be used for the mode locking of solid-state lasers in the femtosecond regime. The work presented in this thesis showed that quantum-dot structures could be exploited very effectively for this purpose. This was initially achieved with the quantum-dot element being inclined at an off-normal incidence within the cavity but experimental assessment together with further development of the device allowed for implementation at normal incidence. Reliable operation of the femtosecond laser was demonstrated very convincingly where transform-limited pulses of 160fs duration were generated. Having developed practical femtosecond Cr⁴⁺:forsterite lasers, the final part of the project research was directed towards exemplar applications for a laser operating in the 1300nm spectral region. These were biophotonics experiments in which assessments of both deep tissue penetration and two-photon chromosome cutting were undertaken. This work confirmed the suitability of the 1300nm laser radiation for propagation through substantial thicknesses of biological tissue (~15cm). The demonstration of highly localised two-photon cutting of Muntjac deer chromosomes also represented a novel result because single-photon absorption could be avoided effectively and the temporal broadening of the femtosecond pulses in the delivery optics arising from group velocity dispersion around 1300nm was minimal.

O presente trabalho consiste no projeto de um modelo em elementos finitos de um absorvedor dinâmico rotativo utilizando-se um material viscoelástico como componente dissipador do sistema. O absorvedor é composto por um anel de material viscoelástico interposto entre dois anéis de aço, o qual é fixado na extremidade livre de um sistema rotativo representado por um eixo flexível, suportado por dois rolamentos, no qual estão fixos dois discos igualmente espaçados do centro entre os dois mancais. O modelo em elementos finitos do sistema rotativo é validado com os dados experimentais do modelo real e suas velocidades críticas são determinadas baseadas no diagrama de Campbell e na resposta ao desbalanço em um dos discos. O modelo inicial do absorvedor dinâmico rotativo é replicado de um modelo da literatura e as respostas a uma excitação na forma de impulso são comparadas. O modelo desenvolvido equipara-se ao da literatura para frequências até 600 Hz, intervalo que compreende as velocidades críticas a serem amortecidas. A otimização do absorvedor é realizada através de variações da geometria do mesmo e são traçadas curvas de influência de cada parâmetro sobre suas frequências naturais. Com base nestas curvas são realizadas análises de influência conjunta dos parâmetros geométricos sobre tais frequências. Pelos resultados obtidos verifica-se a possibilidade da obtenção de um modelo que atue sobre modos de flexão específicos do sistema rotativo, atenuando as amplitudes de vibração das velocidades críticas correspondentes a cada modo. Uma vez obtidos os modelos de absorvedores dinâmicos correspondentes aos dois primeiros modos de flexão do sistema rotativo, ambos são acoplados ao sistema e se observa grande redução dos picos de amplitude do primeiro modo de flexão, enquanto os picos do segundo modo sofrem baixa alteração. / The present work concerns the development, optimization and validation of a finite element model of a dynamic vibration absorber using a viscoelastic material as the damping component. The dynamic absorber consists of a ring of viscoelastic material interposed between two rings of steel, which is fixed to the free end of a rotary system represented by a flexible shaft supported by two bearings, on which are fixed two discs equally spaced in the center of both bearings. The finite element model of the rotating system is validated with experimental data from the actual model and its critical speeds are determined based on the Campbell diagram and in its response to the imbalance. The initial model of the dynamic absorber is replicated from a model of the literature and the responses to an impulse excitation are compared. The developed model matches the literature one for frequencies up to 600 Hz, range comprising the critical speeds to be damped. The absorber\'s optimization is accomplished through variations of its geometry and influence curves of each parameter over its natural frequencies are drawn. Based on these curves, combined influence analyzes of the geometrical parameters over such frequencies are performed. From the results obtained, it can be seen the possibility of achieving a model that acts on specific bending modes of the rotation system, reducing the vibration amplitudes of the critical speeds corresponding to each mode. Once obtained the dynamic absorbers models corresponding to the first two modes of vibration of the rotatative system, both models are coupled to the system and it is observed great reduction of the amplitude of the first bending mode peaks, while the second mode suffer low peaks reduction.

La situation énergétique actuelle impose le développement de technologies qui utilisent des énergies renouvelables pour limiter la dépendance aux ressources fossiles et diminuer l’impact de l’activité humaine sur le changement climatique. Parmi ces technologies, le solaire thermodynamique utilise l’énergie solaire pour chauffer un absorbeur, l’énergie de cet absorbeur étant alors convertie en électricité à travers un cycle thermodynamique classique. L’amélioration des performances de cette technologie passe par la conception d’absorbeurs capables de fonctionner efficacement à haute température. Dans ce travail de thèse, nous explorons deux voies différentes dans ce but.La première est basée sur la conception de structures multicouches optimisées par algorithme génétique. Nous montrons que ces structures permettent d’obtenir un rendement supérieur à 80 %, valeur très proche des limites fondamentales, démontrant ainsi leur fort potentiel pour le solaire thermodynamique.La seconde voie est basée sur l’optimisation des interactions électromagnétiques dans des structures plasmoniques à base de nanoparticules métalliques. Ces structures sont le siège d’effets coopératifs qui peuvent exalter très fortement les pertes dans la structure. Ces mécanismes sont mis à profit pour concevoir des absorbeurs à base de réseaux binaires de nanoparticules d’or et d’argent dispersées dans une matrice transparente. / The current energy situation requires the development of technologies that use renewable energy sources to reduce the dependence on fossil fuels and the impact of human activity on climate change. Among these technologies, thermodynamic solar power uses solar energy to heat an absorber, whose heat is then converted into electricity through a classical thermodynamic cycle. The improvement of the performances of this technology requires the design of absorbers able to operate strongly at high temperature. In this thesis, we explore two different ways for this purpose.The first is based on the design of multilayer structures optimized by a genetic algorithm.We will see that these structures lead to an efficiency higher than 80 %, very close to the fundamental limits, demonstrating so their strong potential for thermodynamic solar technology. The second way is based on the optimization of electromagnetic interactions inside plasmonic nanostructures composed of metal nanoparticles. These structures are the site of cooperative effects between nanoparticles that can exalt strongly losses inside the structure. These mechanisms are exploited to design absorbers based on binary networks made with nanoparticles of gold and silver dispersed in a transparent matrix.