Environmental noise has for decades been a well known problem, especially in urban areas. As noise requirements for vehicles are sharpened, noise reducing concepts are needed in early design stages requiring accurate simulations to support the design. Specifically for optimization of noise treatments, the absorber performance must be simulated correctly. So called noise encapsulations are placed below the powertrain on heavy vehicles to enclose the engine and reduce noise radiation. The attenuation of the absorbers on these shields must be represented correctly in simulations, even in environments with complex sound field, cooling flow and high temperature variations which may affect the absorber performance. This thesis studies the performance variation due to different absorber representations and due to these factors and how to include this in simulations. It is shown that the material representation significantly affects the attenuation performance in the simulations. Assuming locally reacting absorbers neglects the full interaction between the sound field and the material, which was shown to affect the noise reduction considerably. A measurement method to determine the angular dependent surface impedance was evaluated. It was shown sensitive to small samples and a method to improve accuracy was suggested. Including the angular dependence, either by full resolution or an angular dependent impedance, the field-absorber interaction is included in the simulations and more accurate results are obtained. The influence of flow and temperature fields on the absorber performance was also investigated. A method to include these effects was developed and the attenuation performance shown significant, especially for materials with bulk reaction. In conclusion, thorough knowledge of the material behavior and the field in the applications is required to choose appropriate material representation to enable reliable simulation results.​ / <p>QC 20160311</p>

Embora o Brasil seja o maior produtor e exportador mundial da lima ácida Tahiti, atualmente, exporta apenas 5% do total produzido. Isso se deve, parcialmente, à falta de qualidade destas limas, caracterizada pela perda da coloração verde da casca, após a colheita. Assim, o objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da atmosfera modificada, do ácido giberélico (GA) e do permanganato de potássio, isolados e combinados entre si, na conservação da cor verde da casca de limas Tahiti, beneficiadas com cera, fungicida e refrigeradas. Para isso, foram realizados três experimentos. No primeiro, avaliou-se o efeito da atmosfera modificada com os filmes: PEBD (30 µm); PEBD (65 µm); Vegetal Pack (18 µm); Cryovac D-955 (15 µm) e Xtend (18 µm). No segundo, avaliou-se o efeito de duas doses de GA (20 e 100 mg L-1) isoladas ou em combinação com dois filmes plásticos selecionados no experimento 1. No terceiro, avaliou-se o efeito do permanganato de potássio isolado e em combinação com GA e filme plástico selecionado no experimento 2. Nos três experimentos foram realizadas avaliações físico-químicas e de composição gasosa no interior das embalagens durante 24 dias a 10 ± 1ºC, mais 6 dias a 20 ± 1ºC e 75 ± 5% de umidade relativa. No final do primeiro experimento, os filmes Vegetal Pack e Cryovac D-955 foram selecionados, pois não promoveram formação de altos teores de aceltaldeído e etanol e possibilitaram baixa perda de massa fresca. Houve maior conservação da coloração da casca nos frutos sob os filmes PEBD, porém, estes resultaram em modificação drástica da atmosfera, com alterações de aroma, coloração da polpa e alta incidência de podridões. No segundo experimento, a dose de 20 mg L-1 de GA foi suficiente para conservar a cor da casca por mais tempo que os frutos sem GA. Os filmes Vegetal Pack e Cryovac D-955 resultaram em frutos com maior ângulo de cor e menor croma que aqueles sem filme plástico. O filme Cryovac D-955 foi selecionado por ser termoencolhível e facilitar o processo de embalagem no packing house. No terceiro experimento, o permanganato de potássio reduziu os teores de etileno no interior das embalagens. A combinação do sache com filme plástico resultou em maiores teores de clorofila e frutos de coloração mais verde. O filme Cryovac D-955 conservou os frutos com 4% a mais de peso, com ângulo de cor maior, luminosidade menor e maior teor de clorofila que os frutos sem embalagem. Os teores de ácido ascórbico e de sólidos solúveis não foram influenciados pelos tratamentos em nenhum dos experimentos. Os frutos acondicionados nos filmes PEBD, no primeiro experimento, resultaram em menores teores de ácido cítrico, devido à alteração drástica da atmosfera interna. Em conclusão, o uso do filme Cryovac D-955 é eficiente na conservação da coloração verde das limas Tahiti beneficiadas com cera, fungicida e refrigeradas. Absorvedores de etileno incrementam a conservação destas limas quando combinados com filme plástico. O ácido giberélico só é efetivo na conservação da coloração verde de limas quando aplicado em frutos verde-oliva brilhante. / Although Brazil is the largest producer and exporter of \'Tahiti\' lime, actually, exports only 5% of total production. This is, in part, because of a lack of quality of these limes, characterized by loss of green skin colour after harvest. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the efficiency of modified atmosphere, gibberellic acid (GA) and potassium permanganate, alone and combined with each, in the maintenance of green skin \'Tahiti\' limes, processed with wax, fungicide and cold storage. For this, three experiments were carried out. At first, the effect of modified atmosphere was evaluated with the films: LDPE (30 µm), LDPE (65 µm), Vegetable Pack (18 µm), Cryovac D-955 (15 µm) and Xtend (18 µm). In the second, the effect of two doses of GA (20 and 100 mg L-1) alone and combined with two plastic films, selected in experiment 1, was assessed. In the third, the effect of potassium permanganate alone and combined with GA and plastic film, selected in experiment 2, was evaluated. In three experiments, the physico-chemical analysis and the gas composition inside the package for 24 days at 10 ± 1ºC, 6 days at 20 ± 1ºC and 75 ± 5% relative humidity were performed. At the end of the first experiment, the films Vegetable Pack and Cryovac D-955 were selected, because it didnt promote the formation of high levels of ethanol and acetaldehyde and promoted low weight loss. There was greater retention of skin color in the fruits under the LDPE films, but these resulted in drastic modification of the atmosphere, with changes in flavor, the pulp colour and high decay incidence. In the second experiment, the dose of 20 mg L-1 GA was enough to keep the skin colour longer than the fruits without GA. Films Vegetable Pack and Cryovac D-955 resulted in fruit with greater hue angle and lower chroma than fruits without film. The film Cryovac D-955 was selected because it is shrinkable and facilitate the packing process in the packing house. In the third experiment, the potassium permanganate reduced ethylene levels inside the package. The combination of the sachet with plastic film resulted in higher levels of chlorophyll and fruits with a greener. The film Cryovac D-955 retained the fruits with 4% more weight, with greater hue angle, brightness lower and higher chlorophyll content than the fruits without packaging. The levels of ascorbic acid and soluble solids were not affected by treatments in either experiment. Fruits packed in LDPE films, in the first experiment, resulted in lower levels of citric acid, because of the drastic change of the internal atmosphere. In conclusion, the use of film Cryovac D-955 is effective in preserving the green colour of the \'Tahiti\' limes treated with wax, fungicide and storage. Ethylene absorbers enhance the preservation of limes when combined with plastic film. The gibberellic acid is effective in preserving the green colour of limes when applied to fruit with olive brilliant colour.

This thesis explores the application of two-dimensional (2D) materials such as graphene and single layer hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) which are produced by liquid phase exfoliation for use in printed electronics and energy composite applications. In Chapter 2 I give a broad overview of the electrical, mechanical and optical properties of 2D materials among other nanomaterials that were used in the thesis such as carbon nanotubes and conductive polymers. Additionally I review the techniques and theory behind the exfoliation and dispersion of functional layered materials. In Chapter 3 I present the coating and printing techniques which were used in this thesis along with the experimental techniques and methods which I use to characterise my inks, films and devices. Chapter 4 is the first experimental chapter of the thesis and demonstrates the printing of 2D material heterostructures to create fully printed dieletrically gated field effect transistors with 2D materials on textile and polymer substrates. In this chapter I also demonstrate reprogrammable volatile memory, p and n type inverters, complementary inverters, and logic gates which pave the way to fully printed integrated circuits, operational at room temperature and pressure with 2D materials processed in liquid. In Chapter 5, I review spray coating (a highly industrial scalable printing technique), in terms of the optimisation of its parameters to achieve thin films of nanomaterials on three-dimensional (3D) surfaces. I then demonstrate that it is possible to create large area (∼750 cm2) transparent conducting films around curved surfaces with spray coating enabling a semi-transparent (around 360°) spherical touch sensor for interactive devices. Chapter 6 explores printed photonics for applications in terahertz (THz) frequencies. Here I demonstrate the feasibility of liquid phase exfoliated graphene to create THz saturable absorbers (SAs) which could enable many applications in THz frequencies such as tomography or time-resolved spectroscopy that require mode-locked (i.e. enabling a train of short pulses to be derived from continuous-wave operation) THz pulses. I also demonstrate that these SAs can be inkjet printed on demand providing unprecedented compactness in a quantum cascade laser system. Finally in Chapter 7, I look at the application of graphene in microbial fuel cells (MFC). I demonstrate that enhanced MFC output arises from the interplay of the improved surface area, enhanced conductivity, and catalytic surface groups of a graphene based electrode. As a final step graphene based anodes and cathodes which were entirely platinum free were combined to create an environmentally sustainable energy source.

Embora o Brasil seja o maior produtor e exportador mundial da lima ácida Tahiti, atualmente, exporta apenas 5% do total produzido. Isso se deve, parcialmente, à falta de qualidade destas limas, caracterizada pela perda da coloração verde da casca, após a colheita. Assim, o objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da atmosfera modificada, do ácido giberélico (GA) e do permanganato de potássio, isolados e combinados entre si, na conservação da cor verde da casca de limas Tahiti, beneficiadas com cera, fungicida e refrigeradas. Para isso, foram realizados três experimentos. No primeiro, avaliou-se o efeito da atmosfera modificada com os filmes: PEBD (30 µm); PEBD (65 µm); Vegetal Pack (18 µm); Cryovac D-955 (15 µm) e Xtend (18 µm). No segundo, avaliou-se o efeito de duas doses de GA (20 e 100 mg L-1) isoladas ou em combinação com dois filmes plásticos selecionados no experimento 1. No terceiro, avaliou-se o efeito do permanganato de potássio isolado e em combinação com GA e filme plástico selecionado no experimento 2. Nos três experimentos foram realizadas avaliações físico-químicas e de composição gasosa no interior das embalagens durante 24 dias a 10 ± 1ºC, mais 6 dias a 20 ± 1ºC e 75 ± 5% de umidade relativa. No final do primeiro experimento, os filmes Vegetal Pack e Cryovac D-955 foram selecionados, pois não promoveram formação de altos teores de aceltaldeído e etanol e possibilitaram baixa perda de massa fresca. Houve maior conservação da coloração da casca nos frutos sob os filmes PEBD, porém, estes resultaram em modificação drástica da atmosfera, com alterações de aroma, coloração da polpa e alta incidência de podridões. No segundo experimento, a dose de 20 mg L-1 de GA foi suficiente para conservar a cor da casca por mais tempo que os frutos sem GA. Os filmes Vegetal Pack e Cryovac D-955 resultaram em frutos com maior ângulo de cor e menor croma que aqueles sem filme plástico. O filme Cryovac D-955 foi selecionado por ser termoencolhível e facilitar o processo de embalagem no packing house. No terceiro experimento, o permanganato de potássio reduziu os teores de etileno no interior das embalagens. A combinação do sache com filme plástico resultou em maiores teores de clorofila e frutos de coloração mais verde. O filme Cryovac D-955 conservou os frutos com 4% a mais de peso, com ângulo de cor maior, luminosidade menor e maior teor de clorofila que os frutos sem embalagem. Os teores de ácido ascórbico e de sólidos solúveis não foram influenciados pelos tratamentos em nenhum dos experimentos. Os frutos acondicionados nos filmes PEBD, no primeiro experimento, resultaram em menores teores de ácido cítrico, devido à alteração drástica da atmosfera interna. Em conclusão, o uso do filme Cryovac D-955 é eficiente na conservação da coloração verde das limas Tahiti beneficiadas com cera, fungicida e refrigeradas. Absorvedores de etileno incrementam a conservação destas limas quando combinados com filme plástico. O ácido giberélico só é efetivo na conservação da coloração verde de limas quando aplicado em frutos verde-oliva brilhante. / Although Brazil is the largest producer and exporter of \'Tahiti\' lime, actually, exports only 5% of total production. This is, in part, because of a lack of quality of these limes, characterized by loss of green skin colour after harvest. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the efficiency of modified atmosphere, gibberellic acid (GA) and potassium permanganate, alone and combined with each, in the maintenance of green skin \'Tahiti\' limes, processed with wax, fungicide and cold storage. For this, three experiments were carried out. At first, the effect of modified atmosphere was evaluated with the films: LDPE (30 µm), LDPE (65 µm), Vegetable Pack (18 µm), Cryovac D-955 (15 µm) and Xtend (18 µm). In the second, the effect of two doses of GA (20 and 100 mg L-1) alone and combined with two plastic films, selected in experiment 1, was assessed. In the third, the effect of potassium permanganate alone and combined with GA and plastic film, selected in experiment 2, was evaluated. In three experiments, the physico-chemical analysis and the gas composition inside the package for 24 days at 10 ± 1ºC, 6 days at 20 ± 1ºC and 75 ± 5% relative humidity were performed. At the end of the first experiment, the films Vegetable Pack and Cryovac D-955 were selected, because it didnt promote the formation of high levels of ethanol and acetaldehyde and promoted low weight loss. There was greater retention of skin color in the fruits under the LDPE films, but these resulted in drastic modification of the atmosphere, with changes in flavor, the pulp colour and high decay incidence. In the second experiment, the dose of 20 mg L-1 GA was enough to keep the skin colour longer than the fruits without GA. Films Vegetable Pack and Cryovac D-955 resulted in fruit with greater hue angle and lower chroma than fruits without film. The film Cryovac D-955 was selected because it is shrinkable and facilitate the packing process in the packing house. In the third experiment, the potassium permanganate reduced ethylene levels inside the package. The combination of the sachet with plastic film resulted in higher levels of chlorophyll and fruits with a greener. The film Cryovac D-955 retained the fruits with 4% more weight, with greater hue angle, brightness lower and higher chlorophyll content than the fruits without packaging. The levels of ascorbic acid and soluble solids were not affected by treatments in either experiment. Fruits packed in LDPE films, in the first experiment, resulted in lower levels of citric acid, because of the drastic change of the internal atmosphere. In conclusion, the use of film Cryovac D-955 is effective in preserving the green colour of the \'Tahiti\' limes treated with wax, fungicide and storage. Ethylene absorbers enhance the preservation of limes when combined with plastic film. The gibberellic acid is effective in preserving the green colour of limes when applied to fruit with olive brilliant colour.

On March 13th, 2006, the Division of Electricity at Uppsala University deployed its first wave energy converter, L1, in the ocean southwest of Lysekil. L1 consisted of a buoy at the surface, connected through a line to a linear generator on the seabed. Since the deployment, continuous investigations of how L1 works in the waves have been conducted, and several additional wave energy converters have been deployed. This thesis is based on ten publications, which focus on different aspects of the interaction between wave, buoy, and generator. In order to evaluate different measurement systems, the motion of the buoy was measured optically and using accelerometers, and compared to measurements of the motion of the movable part of the generator - the translator. These measurements were found to correlate well. Simulations of buoy and translator motion were found to match the measured values. The variation of performance of L1 with changing water levels, wave heights, and spectral shapes was also investigated. Performance is here defined as the ratio of absorbed power to incoming power. It was found that the performance decreases for large wave heights. This is in accordance with the theoretical predictions, since the area for which the stator and the translator overlap decreases for large translator motions. Shifting water levels were predicted to have the same effect, but this could not be seen as clearly. The width of the wave energy spectrum has been proposed by some as a factor that also affects the performance of a wave energy converter, for a set wave height and period. Therefore the relation between performance and several different parameters for spectral width was investigated. It was found that some of the parameters were in fact correlated to performance, but that the correlation was not very strong. As a background on ocean measurements in wave energy, a thorough literature review was conducted. It turns out that the Lysekil project is one of quite few projects that have published descriptions of on-site wave energy measurements.

Ceramic-matrix composites of alumina and silicon carbide whiskers have recently found novel commercial application as electromagnetic absorbers. However, a detailed understanding of how materials issues influence the composite electrical response, which underpins this application, has been absent until now. In this project, such composites were electrically measured over a wide range of conditions and modeled in terms of various aspects of the microstructure in order to understand how they work. For this purpose, three types of composites were made by different methods from the same set of ceramic powder blends loaded with different volume fractions of whiskers. In doing so, the interfaces between whiskers, the preferred orientations of whiskers, and the structure of electrically-connected whisker clusters were varied; the whisker aspect-ratio distributions were the same for all methods. At the electrode interfaces, Schottky barriers at the junctions of the electrically-percolating wide-bandgap semiconductor whiskers on the surface were responsible for a significant portion of the total measured impedance. The associated electrical response was studied on the microscopic and macroscopic level, and the gap between these different scales was bridged. Also, a modeling approach was developed for the non-linear behavior of the composite which results from these barriers. In regards to the whiskers within the composite bulk, the effects of various factors on the wide-band frequency dependence of the dielectric response and dc conductivity were explained and contextualized for the electromagnetic absorber application. Such factors include whisker preferred orientation, electrical percolation and cluster structure, the interfaces between electrically-connected SiC whiskers, and porosity. A quantitative correlation between the anisotropy of the microstructure and that of the conductivity was found, and was understood in terms of the interfacial SiC-Al2O3-SiC conduction mechanism. This behavior was shown to differ from the behavior commonly observed for other disordered mixtures of relatively conductive particles dispersed inside insulating polymer hosts. A description of this new mechanism was developed based on an observed correlation between the temperature dependencies of the static and radio-frequency electrical responses. Also, the aforementioned non-linear response model was expanded upon to describe conduction through and across electrically-percolated clusters. The model demonstrates how loading and interface behavior influence the topology and the strength of the non-linear response of the clusters.

Thesis (PhD)--Macquarie University, Faculty of Science, Dept. of Physics & Engineering, 2008. / "March, 2009". Bibliography: p. 145-158.

Submitted by Lara Oliveira (lara@ufersa.edu.br) on 2017-05-26T20:13:25Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DiêgoPG_DISSERT.pdf: 3157583 bytes, checksum: 93d2e3a248fde9f22d2f942876892f0c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Vanessa Christiane (referencia@ufersa.edu.br) on 2017-05-29T16:49:54Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DiêgoPG_DISSERT.pdf: 3157583 bytes, checksum: 93d2e3a248fde9f22d2f942876892f0c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Vanessa Christiane (referencia@ufersa.edu.br) on 2017-05-29T16:50:05Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DiêgoPG_DISSERT.pdf: 3157583 bytes, checksum: 93d2e3a248fde9f22d2f942876892f0c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-29T16:50:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DiêgoPG_DISSERT.pdf: 3157583 bytes, checksum: 93d2e3a248fde9f22d2f942876892f0c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-06-17 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / In Brazil are located the two largest niobium reserves of the world – about 96% of the world production – and, for this reason, have been encouraged studies on its most diverse technological applications. Another aspect of prominent studies is currently the processing of ceramic materials with a microwave, which is presented as an alternative method of sintering in a muffle furnace – the use of microwave involves electromagnetic energy conversion instead of heat transfer, offering advantages when used for providing the obtainment of greater structural homogeneity of the material and a reduction of time and energy expended during processing. This work aims to perform the characterization of electrical properties of niobium pentoxide (Nb2O5) pure or doped with molybdenum (Mo) and to do an analysis of the influence of this doping when its sintering process occurs in muffle furnace or microwave. The properties characterized were the permittivity and loss tangent. Will be studied the viability of doping and/or processing the material for use as absorbent materials of electromagnetic radiation. The variation of concentrations in doping will indicate how effective, as a doping agent, molybdenum will be in the ceramic matrix, converting energy of microwave into heat energy. The results showed that the increase of doping of the niobium pentoxide with molybdenum (with 1% doping limit) combined with the sintering oven microwave increased the material conductivity values, making it more efficient in its use as absorber electromagnetic radiation / No Brasil estão localizadas as duas maiores reservas de nióbio do mundo – cerca de 96% da produção mundial –, e, por esta razão, têm sido incentivados os estudos sobre as suas mais diversas aplicações tecnológicas. Outra vertente de estudos em destaque atualmente é a do processamento de materiais cerâmicos com micro-ondas, que se apresenta como um método alternativo à sinterização em forno mufla – o uso de micro-ondas envolve conversão de energia eletromagnética, em lugar de transferência de calor, oferecendo vantagens ao ser usado por proporcionar a obtenção de uma maior homogeneidade estrutural do material e uma redução do tempo e da energia gasta durante o processamento. A proposta deste trabalho é a realização da caracterização de propriedades elétricas do pentóxido de nióbio (Nb2O5) puro ou dopado com molibdênio usando a tecnologia da metalurgia do pó e a análise da influência sobre estas dopagens quando seu processamento de sinterização se dá em forno mufla ou em forno de micro-ondas. As caracterizações feitas foram das propriedades elétricas de permissividade elétrica e tangente de perdas além de ter sido estudada a viabilidade da dopagem e/ou o tipo de processamento – na etapa de sinterização – do material para aplicação como materiais absorvedores de radiação eletromagnética. A variação das concentrações nas dopagens indicou o quão eficaz, como agente dopante, o molibdênio será na matriz cerâmica, convertendo a energia de micro-ondas em energia térmica. Os resultados mostraram que o aumento da dopagem do pentóxido de nióbio com molibdênio (com limite de dopagem de 1%) aliado à sinterização em forno de micro-ondas garantiu o aumento dos valores de condutividade do material, tornando-o mais eficiente para sua aplicação como absorvedor de radiação eletromagnética / 2017-05-26

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:36:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 807848 bytes, checksum: a4aec48375faa02fed8c2ce2de053e55 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-23 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The present work aimed to study the influence of the PVC (polyvinyl chloride) film of different concentrations of KMnO4 (ethylene absorbent) and the oxygen absorber sachet (O-Buster) on the quality and postharvest conservation of 'Oso Grande strawberries. In order to achieve this physical-chemical, enzymatic and visual analyses were performed every 2 days on fruits stored for 14 days at 4 °C. The presence of PVC was essential to maintain the visual characteristics and reduction of weight loss of the fruits during the storage period. The fruits treated with different doses of KMnO4 (1, 2, 3 and 4 g) generally showed similar behavior to the fruits of the control treatment with PVC film, which kept the values of titratable total acidity (TTA), increased the total soluble sugars (TSS) and decreased the reducing sugars (RS) at 14 days of storage. The activity of the polyphenol oxidase (PPO), peroxidase (POD) and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) enzymes decreased in fruits stored with KMnO4 sachets, however, regarding to ADH and the fruits treated with KMnO4 differed from the fruits of the control treatment with PVC. There was accumulation of ethanol in the fruits of the treatments used at the end of storage. The dosage of 1 g of KMnO4 (T3) was effective in delaying the visible growth of fungi in fruits stored for 14 days, contaminated fruits could only be seen in the last day of storage. The treatments with sachets of oxygen and ethylene had synergistic effect on the fruits that were stored for 14 days. The combination of the two absorbers kept the values of ATT, the PPO and ADH enzyme activity, and increased the AST in the fruits. In the remaining variables, the treatments with oxygen and ethylene absorbers and the combination of both in the same package of PVC did not differ among themselves and have retained the values of AR and the POD activity, and accumulated a small quantity of ethanol in the fruits at the end of storage. The combination of oxygen and ethylene absorbing sachets was effective in delaying the visible growth of fungi within 12 days of storage. The best way preserve strawberries, according to the results, was the storage in packages containing oxygen and ethylene absorbing sachets, sealed with PVC film and stored at 4 °C for 12 days. / Com o presente trabalho objetivou-se estudar a influência do filme de PVC (cloreto de polivinila), de diferentes dosagens de KMnO4 (absorvedor de etileno) e do sachê absorvedor de oxigênio (O-Buster) sobre a qualidade e conservação pós-colheita de morangos Oso Grande . Para isto foram feitas análises físico-químicas, enzimáticas e visual de 2 em 2 dias nos frutos armazenados por 14 dias, aos 4 °C. A presença do PVC foi indispensável para manter as características visuais e a redução da perda de massa fresca dos frutos ao longo do período de armazenamento. Os frutos tratados com diferentes dosagens de KMnO4 (1, 2, 3 e 4 g), de modo geral, tiveram comportamento semelhante aos frutos do tratamento controle com filme de PVC, que mantiveram os valores de acidez total titulável (ATT), aumentaram os açúcares solúveis totais (AST) e diminuíram os açúcares redutores (AR) aos 14 dias de armazenamento. A atividade das enzimas polifenoloxidase (PPO), peroxidase (POD) e álcool desidrogenase (ADH) diminuiu nos frutos armazenados com sachê de KMnO4; entretanto, quanto a ADH os frutos tratados com KMnO4 diferiram dos frutos do controle com PVC. Houve acúmulo de etanol nos frutos dos tratamentos utilizados ao final do armazenamento. A dosagem de 1 g de KMnO4 (T3), foi eficaz em retardar o crescimento visível de fungos nos frutos armazenados por 14 dias, sendo visualizados frutos contaminados apenas no último dia de armazenamento. Os tratamentos com sachês absorvedores de oxigênio e de etileno tiveram efeito sinérgico sobre os frutos armazenados durante 14 dias. A combinação dos dois absorvedores manteve os valores de ATT, a atividade das enzimas PPO e ADH, e aumentou os AST nos frutos. Nas demais variáveis analisadas, os tratamentos com absorvedores de oxigênio e etileno e a combinação dos dois na mesma embalagem de PVC não diferiram entre si e mantiveram os valores de AR e a atividade da POD, e acumulou pouco etanol nos frutos ao final do armazenamento. A combinação dos sachês absorvedores de oxigênio e de etileno foi eficaz em retardar o crescimento visível de fungos em até 12 dias de armazenamento. A melhor forma de conservação dos morangos, de acordo com os resultados, foi armazenamento em embalagens contendo sachês absorvedores de oxigênio e de etileno, fechadas com filme de PVC e armazenadas aos 4 °C, durante 12 dias.

Orientador: Gilberto Pechoto de Melo / Banca: Aparecido Carlos Gonçalves / Banca: Cleudmar Amaral de Araújo / Resumo: Neste trabalho foi desenvolvida uma metodologia de detecção e localização de falhas, para sistemas mecânicos que utilizam absorvedores dinâmicos de vibrações tipo lâmina vibrante (ADVLV). Através de modificações em alguns de seus parâmetros estruturais, o ADVLV desenvolvido absorve toda ou parte da vibração do sistema mecânico onde se encontra acoplado. Durante o trabalho foi utilizada a teoria de algoritmos genéticos baseada na evolução das espécies como ferramenta de otimização e em seguida, aplicou-se a metodologia de diagnóstico de falhas via observadores de estado para detecção e identificação de possíveis irregularidades no sistema. Na seqüência, a fim de validar a metodologia desenvolvida foram apresentados resultados obtidos através de simulações computacionais e experimentais, realizados com a construção de um ADVLV em uma estrutura primária pertencente ao laboratório de vibrações mecânicas do Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica da UNESP, Campus de Ilha Solteira. / Abstract: In this work it was developed a technique of fault detection and location, to mechanical systems using dynamic vibration absorbers type blade vibrant (DVABV). Through changes in some of its structural parameters, the DVABV developed absorbs all or part of the mechanical vibration of the system which it is attached. During the work, it was used the theory of genetic algorithms based on the evolution of species as a tool for optimization, then applied to the methodology for the diagnosis of faults by state observers in the detection and identification of possible flaws in the system. Following, in order to validate the methodology developed present themselves results through computer simulations and experimental made with the construction of a DVABV and their use in a structure primary, in the Mechanical Vibrations Laboratory, at Mechanical Engineering Department of UNESP, Ilha Solteira. / Mestre