City traffic planners are striving to adapt their infrastructure to not only increase the number of cyclists but also to ensure that city cycling is both enjoyable and safe. In Switzerland and in many other countries, it is suspected that only one of ten bicycle accidents is reported to the police [ 1-5]. Only knowing about 10% of the accidents, on top of the fact that there are luckily not many accidents from a statistical perspective, casts doubt about where efforts should be made to improve cycling infrastructure, and how effective the actions taken actually are. To deal with this lack of data, this paper proposes to use surveys of cyclists besides police records to obtain a more complete picture of the number and location of cycling accidents, including the ones not reported to police, and the locations that cyclists perceive as dangerous. The combination of survey and police reported data gives a considerably different and more complete impression of where there is potential to improve cycling infrastructure, when compared to that obtained using only police reported accidents. This work expounds how the survey responses about hazard perception and unreported accidents help provide a more complete overview of the accident potential of the existing cycling network and how they form a base of immensely useful inputs for planning improvements. [From: Introduction]

The expenditures resulting from work accidents is increasing every year. Among the other work accidents, mine accidents result important loss of time, money and lives. From the point of view of mine accidents, studies about cost of mine accidents need some contributions. In this thesis, cost of mine accidents to worker, employer, and total economy of country will be analysed in the light of data from Ministry of Labour, Social Security and Social Insurance Institution, and T&uuml / rkiye Coal Enterprises. General Analysis is carried out within all industrial sectors, Mining sector, and Coal Mining sector. Detailed analysis is carried out within Western Lignite Company (GLi). Occupational accidents have vital importance for the mines from legal, human and economic aspects. The goal of every mine should be to minimize occupational accidents. The top management of every mine should prove their commitments to the occupational health and safety policy to carry out this goal by means of preparing and implementing an accident preventing program.

A comprehensive study of accident records which have occured in Coal Mining Industries of Europe and U. S. A are analysed. The intention of the research was to establish relationships between the various accidents and prevention methods adopted by each country are evaluated and to assess the impact of industrial legislation in these various countries on accident rate are examined. The study analyses in paricular the fatal accident rate, and major and minor rate. The Major health hazards associated with coal mining are described in detail and discusses together with the Measurement of safety performance and its application in the Safety field. The study also examines the role of human factors in accidents also includes a summaries of fatal and major injury rates for 46 countries. Arising from the research a number of recommendations for improving safety are requires further research are indentified.

The aim of this thesis is to evaluate the efficiency interventions in traffic accidents of the integrated rescue system. The thesis contains the evaluation if changing the system can improve the effectiveness of operations leading to save lives, health, property and the environment or minimize adverse impacts which are caused by an accident. The evaluation of the capability of recording devices to clarify the causes of traffic accident and their applications in the forensic engineering are also described.

This thesis work aims at performing a survey of those technologies generally called DriverAssistance Systems (DAS). This thesis work focuses on gathering information in terms ofaccident statistics, sensors and functions and analyzing this information and shall thruaccessible information match functions with accidents, functions with sensors etc.This analysis, based on accidents in United States and Sweden during the period 1998 – 2002and two truck accident studies, shows that of all accidents with fatalities or sever injuriesinvolving a heavy truck almost half are the result of a frontal impact. About one fourth of theaccidents are caused by side impact, whereas single vehicle and rear impact collisions causesaround 14 % each. Of these, about one fourth is collision with unprotected (motorcycles,mopeds, bicycles, and pedestrians) whereas around 60 % are collision with other vehicles.More than 90 % of all accidents are partly the result of driver error and about 75 % aredirectly the result of driver error. Hence there exist a great opportunity to reduce the numberof accidents by introducing DAS.In this work, an analysis of DAS shows that six of the systems discussed today have thepotential to prevent 40 – 50 % of these accidents, whereas 20 – 40 % are estimated to actuallyhaving the chance to be prevented.One of these DAS, automatic emergency brake (AEB), has been analyzed in more detail.Decision models for an emergency brake capable to mitigate rear-end accidents has beendesigned and evaluated. The results show that this model has high capabilities to mitigatecollisions.

The construction industry is an exciting and community developing industry, but it is also very much talked about because of the high injury frequency that the industry is characterized by. As a part of preventing accidents at work, the employer conducts systematic work environment work to detect risky parts of the work and to remedy these. Despite the elimination of risks at work, accidents and incidents - so-called deviations in the working environment - occur. Deviations in the working environment must be reported immediately to the employer. Within the company that is subject of this study, the deviations are reported and stored a system called BIA. BIA enables, based on the deviation reports, to create statistical data for the company with respect to different parameters. This report is based on this deviation statistics with regard to accidents and incidents, produced from the reporting tool BIA. The study has investigated in which stages/phases incidents and accidents occur, which work operations that cause incidents and accidents, as well as injury risks and causes of injury behind accidents and incidents. The majority of the company's incidents and accidents occur during construction projects, production and land work. Incidents are caused by work tasks such as excavation work, work at/with passing vehicle traffic and movement within the area. Accidents are caused by work at/by machine, manual handling of material / product and work at/with handheld work equipment. The damage risks in the event of incidents are vehicle accidents, hit by falling or flying objects and stuck or clamped between objects. The causes of injury caused by accidents are damage by self-handled objects, fall at the same level and contact with sharp objects. Fall from height and fall at the same level are the cause of damage in a large part of the accidents. The result of the study also shows that the information given in the event reports in BIA, either lacks of information or that the information is inadequate. / Byggbranschen är en spännande och samhällsutvecklande bransch, men den är också mycket omtalad med anledning av den höga skadefrekvens som branschen karakteriseras av. Som ett led i att förebygga olyckor i arbetet bedriver arbetsgivaren ett systematiskt arbetsmiljöarbete för att upptäcka riskabla moment i arbetet samt åtgärda dessa. Trots eliminering av risker i arbetet, inträffar olycksfall och tillbud – så kallade avvikelser i arbetsmiljön. Avvikelser i arbetsmiljön skall omedelbart rapporteras till arbetsgivaren. Inom det företag som utgör föremål för denna studie rapporteras och lagras avvikelserna i ett system som kallas för BIA. BIA möjliggör att, utifrån avvikelserapporter, skapa statistiskt underlag för företaget med avseende på olika parametrar. Denna rapport är baserad på denna avvikelsestatistik med avseende på olycksfall och tillbud, framtaget ur rapporteringsverktyget BIA. Studien har undersökt i vilka skeden/faser tillbud och olycksfall inträffar, vilka arbetsmoment som föranleder tillbud och olycksfall samt skaderisker och skadeorsaker bakom tillbud och olycksfall. Majoriteten av företagets tillbud och olycksfall inträffar vid anläggningsprojekt, produktion och markarbete. Tillbud föranleds av arbetsmoment som schaktningsarbete, arbete vid/med passerande fordonstrafik samt förflyttning inom området. Olycksfall föranleds av arbete vid/med maskin, manuell hantering av material/produkt samt arbete vid/med handhållen arbetsutrustning. Skaderiskerna vid inträffade tillbud är fordonsolycka, träffas av fallande eller flygande föremål samt fastnat eller klämts mellan föremål. De skadeorsaker som olycksfall innebär är skada av egenhanterat föremål, fall i samma nivå samt kontakt med vasst föremål. Fall från höjd och fall i samma nivå utgör orsak till skada i en stor del av olycksfallen. Resultatet av studien visar också att det saknas information i de händelserapporteringar som inkommer i BIA, alternativt är den tillgängliga informationen bristfällig.

A comprehensive study of accident records which have occured in Coal Mining Industries of Europe and U. S. A are analysed. The intention of the research was to establish relationships between the various accidents and prevention methods adopted by each country are evaluated and to assess the impact of industrial legislation in these various countries on accident rate are examined. The study analyses in paricular the fatal accident rate, and major and minor rate. The Major health hazards associated with coal mining are described in detail and discusses together with the Measurement of safety performance and its application in the Safety field. The study also examines the role of human factors in accidents also includes a summaries of fatal and major injury rates for 46 countries. Arising from the research a number of recommendations for improving safety are requires further research are indentified. / Ministry of Culture and Higher Education Of Islamic Republic of Iran

Vid analyser och undersökningar av trafikrelaterade ämnen måste användaren själv lokalisera relevant och aktuell data. Det finns inte heller några garantier på att all nödvändig information går att kombinera på efterfrågat sätt. Detta ställer allt högre krav på kunskaper inom datahantering när det kommer till att skapa modeller och effektsamband för att förebygga olyckor i trafiken. Studiens mål är att undersöka om det är möjligt att kombinera olika data för att skapa en generisk databas som går att nyttja i arbeten med modeller och effektsamband för ökad trafiksäkerhet. Med denna generiska databas har olycksstatistiken för trafikplatser i Region Västmanland undersökts för att idenfitera bidragande orsaker till att olyckor sker. Studiens fokus har legat på arbetet med att ta fram och nyttja en generisk databas genom automatisk selektion av trafiktekniska element såsom trafikplatser. Genom insamling och anpassning av data från NVDB och STRADA har olika typer av analyser gjorts i programmen QGIS och R med syfte att hitta samband mellan olika attribut och trafikolyckor. Utöver detta har tre intervjuer genomförts med sakkunniga inom ämnesområdet.Resultatet som erhölls fann att det idag inte är möjligt att kunna skapa en generisk databas för trafikolyckor innehållande den stora mängd data som efterfrågas. Detta då utformningen av strukturen för den data som inkluderas behöver uppdateras och anpassas. Det saknas även tekniska kunskaper inom området för att automatisera den process som sökes. Gällande identifieringen av attribut som har korrelation med trafikolyckor blev resultatet att det inte gick att hitta statistiska samband med god signifikans. För trafikolyckor finns det en stor spridning och således är det svårt att hitta specifika samband mellan enskilda attribut och olyckor. Därför behövs fler trafikplatser integreras i databasen eller en mer utvidgad statisk analys. / In the analysis and investigation of traffic-related topics users must be responsible for locating relevant and current data. There are no guarantees that all necessary information can be combined in the requested way. This puts higher demand on knowledge in data management when it comes to preventing accidents in traffic. The aim of this study is to investigate the possibility to combine different data to create a generic database that can be used in work with road safety. With the help of this database, the accident statistics for traffic locations in Region Västmanland have been examined in an attempt to identify contributing causes of accidents. The focus has been on developing and using a generic database. By collecting and adapting data from NVDB and STRADA, different types of analyzes have been made in the programs QGIS and R, with the aim of finding connections between parameters and traffic accidents. In addition, three interviews were conducted with relevant experts. The result was that today it is not realistic to be able to create a generic database containing the large amount of information that is requested. It is because the structure of the data needs to be updated and adapted. But also because there is a lack of technical knowledge in the field to automate the process sought. The results showed that regarding the it was not possible to find statistical correlations with traffic accidents. The wide spread in traffic accidents make it difficult to find specific correlations between individual factors and accidents. Therefore the study suggests that more interchanges get integrated into the database or an extended statistical analysis of the current database.

The thesis refers to the issue of road accidents and their prevention in the Czech Republic, seen as a negative phenomenon in modern society. It is divided into two relatively independent parts, theoretical and practical. The theoretical part focuses on a general description of traffic accident and states their main causes. Moreover, it deals with a road accident as a traumatic event having negative effects on life of involved people, especially on the human psyche. At the end of this part you can find basic principles of emergency intervention on casualties of road accidents and organizations which offer free help to road accident casualties. In the practical part of this work there is a study of road accidents that happened in the region of the Czech Republic from the point of view of their causes and the age of the driver.

Byggindustrin är idag en av våra mest olycksdrabbade branscher i Sverige sett tillantalet sysselsatta inom branschen. Olycksfrekvensen ligger idag kring 11/1000sysselsatta och år. Statistiken visar att byggindustrin har fler sjukskrivningar på grundav olyckor än andra branscher, vilket givetvis leder till större utgifter i förhållande tillde andra på denna punkt. Ett sätt att öka intresset för säkerhet och arbetsmiljöfrågorinom byggverksamheten kan vara att undersöka de ekonomiska aspekterna. Det ärtydligt att sjukskrivningar är en stor kostnad för byggföretagen men finns det egentligennågon motsättning mellan lönsamhet och säkerhet?Syftet med studien är att undersöka kopplingen mellan arbetsmiljöarbete,sjukskrivningar och kostnader inom byggsektorn. Studien utförs för att kunna ge enoberoende rekommendation på vilka åtgärder inom arbetsmiljö och säkerhet som kanminska antalet sjukskrivningar på grund av arbetsolyckor. Tanken är att undersökavilka olyckor som bidrar till flest sjukdagar och därmed störst kostnader för företagen,samt se vilka grundorsaker som går att förknippa med dessaStudien tar endast upp sjukskrivningar där bakomliggande orsak är en arbetsolycka.Det innebär att arbetssjukdommar orsakat av arbetshygieniska förhållanden intekommer att beaktas. Detta för att begränsa studien till den typ av olyckor inombyggindustrin som bidrar till flest sjukskrivningar.Undersökningen har gjorts i form av en omvärldsanalys med avsikt att samlainformation och kartlägga ämnet. Information och statistik i detta arbete har i störstamöjliga mån baserats på vetenskapligt säkerhetsställd litteratur ochmyndighetsinformation. Rapporten baseras i stor del på den nuägesbeskrivning sompresenteras i kapitel 4 som redogör bakgrund och den nuvarande situationbyggverksamheten befinner sig i när det gäller arbetsmiljöarbete, olycksstatiastik samtorsaker och kostnader för sjukskrivningar vid arbetsolyckor. I kapitel 3 presenteras denlagstiftning som i Sverige ligger till grund för arbetsmiljöarbete.I denna studie har olika undersökningar kombinerats för att få fram ett resultat på hurmycket sjukskrivningar, orsakade av arbetsolyckor, kostar. Kostnaderna baseras påarbetsmiljöverkets och försäkringskassans olycksfallstatistik samt försäkringskassanskalkylunderlag för sjukskrivning [25]. För att uppskatta kostnader för olika typer avolycksfall, undersöks hur många sjukdagar de fem vanligaste orsakerna bidrar med. Detvisar sig att den sjukskrivningskategori som kostar arbetsgivaren mest är fall från höjdoch att de åtgärder som enligt många studier förebygger detta är att ha en städadarbetsplats.Slutligen kan det konstateras att det finns kopplingar mellan arbetsplatsolyckor,sjukskrivningar och kostnader för företag inom byggsektorn. Det finns även åtgärdersom kan ge effekt på minskade sjukskrivningar, exempelvis städning och information.Utöver detta pekas även projektering ut som en punkt där anpassningar förarbetsmiljön kan göras och på så vis minska sjukskrivningar och öka lönsamheten hosföretagen. / The construction industry is one of our most injurious industries in Sweden today. Theaccident frequency currently lies around 11 per 1000 employees per year. Statistics showthat the construction industry has more sick leave due to accidents than other business,which of course leads to larger cost in relation to others industrial branches in this area.One way to increase the interest in safety and work environment issues in theconstruction industry can be to examine the economical aspects. It is clear that sickleave is a big cost for construction companies, but is there really any contradictionbetween profitability and safety?The purpose of this study is to investigate the connection between work environmentand profitability for companies in the construction sector. The study is carried out inorder to give an independent recommendation on which measures within workenvironment and safety that could be used to reduce the number of sick leave occasionsdue to work accidents. The idea is to investigate which accidents contribute to the mostsick days, and to see which root causes that could be associated with these accidents.The study only addresses sick leave where the underlying cause is workplace accidents.This means that occupational diseases caused by industrial hygiene conditions will notbe taken into account, this is to limit the study to the section which contributes themost to sick leave in the construction industry .The study has been conducted as an analysis of the surrounding world with theintention of gathering information and mapping out the subject. Information andstatistics in this research have, as far as possible, been based on scientifically securedliterature and government information. The report is largely based on the complieddescription of the current situation presented in chapter 4. This chapter describes thebackground and current situation for the construction industry in regards to legislation,work environment, accident statistics as well as causes and costs for sick leave in theevent of work accidents.In this report, various research has been combined to obtain a result on how much sickleave, caused by occupational accidents, costs. The costs are based on the SwedishWork Environment Authority and the Swedish Social Insurance Agency’s accidentstatistics as well as the Swedish Social Insurance Agency’s calculation basis for sickleave. In order to estimate the costs for different types of accidents, the number of sickdays for the five most common causes of injuries were picked out. It turns out that thecause of accidents that contributes to the highest costs for the employer is fall fromhight. It was also detected that according to many studies, the most efficient way toprevent fall from hight was to have a tidy workplace.Finally, it’s concluded that there are connections between work environment accidents,sick leave and costs for companies within the construction sector. There are alsomeasures that can affect sick leave, for example cleaning and information. Beyondthese, construction design is pointed out as an area where adjustments for the workenvironment can be made and though that reduce sick leave and increase profits for thecompanies.