Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are composed of a large number of battery-powered sensor nodes that have the ability to sense the physical environment, compute the obtained information and communicate using the radio interfaces. Because sensor nodes are generally deployed on a large and wild area, they are powered by embedded battery. And it is difficult to change or recharge the battery, thus to reduce the energy consumption when sensors and protocols are designed is very important and can extend the lifetime of WSNs. So sensor nodes transmit packets with a lower transmission power (e.g. OdBm). With this transmission power, a packet can only be transmitted dozens of meters away. Therefore, when a sensor detects an event, a packet is sent in a multi-hop, ad-hoc manner (without fixed infrastructure and each sensor is able to relay the packet) to the sink (specific node which gathers information and reacts to the network situation). In this thesis, we first give an elaborate state of the art of WSNs. Then the impacts of duty-cycle and unreliable links or the performances of routing layer are analyzed. Based on the analytical results, we then propose three new simple yet effective methods to construct virtual coordinates under unreliable links in WSNs. By further taking the duty-cycle and real-time constraints into consideration we propose two cross-layer forwarding protocols which can have a greater delivery ratio and satisfy the deadline requirements. In order to have protocols for the WSNs that have dynamic topology, we then propose a robust forwarding protocol which can adapt its parameters when the topology changes. At last, we conclude this thesis and give some perspectives.

Magistrantūros studijų baigiamasis darbas, 56 puslapiai, 18 paveikslų, 15 lentelių, 50 literatūros šaltinių, 7 priedai, lietuvių kalba. PRASMINIAI ŽODŽIAI: apskaita pagal atsakomybės sritis, atsakomybės centrai, išlaidų atsakomybės centrai, išlaidų atsakomybės centrų formavimas, išlaidų atsakomybės centrų veiklos vertinimas. Tyrimo objektas: išlaidų sukaupimas ir išlaidų efektyvumo vertinimas VšĮ „ASU mokomasis ūkis“. Tyrimo tikslas: identifikuoti išlaidų kaupimo bei paskirstymo problemas, sukurti išlaidų kaupimo metodiką ir įvertinti išlaidų efektyvumą. Uždaviniai: 1. VšĮ „ASU mokomasis ūkis“ pavyzdžiu išanalizuoti išlaidų kaupimą bei paskirstymą žemės ūkio verslo subjektuose ir identifikuoti problemas; 2. Išanalizuoti išlaidų atsakomybės centrų formavimo teorinius aspektus bei parengti išlaidų atsakomybės centrų formavimo modelį bei jo taikymo metodiką; 3. Parinkti išlaidų atsakomybės centrų veiklos vertinimo metodus; 4. Adaptuoti išlaidų atsakomybės centrų formavimo modelį VšĮ „ASU mokomasis ūkis“; 5. Įvertinti išlaidų atsakomybės centrų veiklą VšĮ „ASU mokomasis ūkis“. Tyrimo metodai: mokslinės literatūros analizė bei sintezė, funkcinė klasifikavimo požymių dekompozicija, ekspertinis vertinimas, anketavimas, antrinių duomenų analizė, grafinis vaizdavimas. Pirmoje darbo dalyje atlikta išlaidų kaupimo analizė VšĮ „ASU Mokomasis ūkis“ bei identifikuotos pagrindinės su išlaidų valdymu susijusios problemos. Antroje darbo dalyje išnagrinėta atsakomybės centrų samprata... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Graduation paper of Master’s studies, 56 pages, 18 Figures, 15 Tables, 50 references, 7 Appendices, in Lithuanian. KEY WORDS: records according to the spheres of responsibility, responsibility centers, cost responsibility centers, formation of cost responsibility centers, evaluation of activity of cost responsibility centers. Object of investigation: cost accumulation and evaluation of cost effectiveness in Public Institution (PI) “ASU Mokomasis Ūkis”. Aim of the investigation: to identify the problems of cost accumulation and distribution, to work out the methods of expenses accumulation and to evaluate the cost effectiveness. Objectives: 1. According to the example of PI “ASU Mokomasis Ūkis” to analyze the cost accumulation and distribution in the subjects of agricultural business and identify the problems; 2. To analyze the theoretic aspects of formation of cost responsibility centers and prepare the model of formation of cost responsibility centers and the methods of its application; 3. To choose the methods of evaluation of cost responsibility activity; 4. To adapt the model of formation of cost responsibility centers in PI “ASU Mokomasis Ūkis”; 5. To evaluate the activity of cost responsibility centers in PI “ASU Mokomasis Ūkis”. Methods of investigation: analysis and synthesis of scientific literature, functional decomposition of classification features, expert evaluation, questionnaire, analysis of secondary data, graphic depiction. Research results: In the first... [to full text]

O propósito deste trabalho é uma tentativa de leitura a partir de três obras de José Saramago: O Evangelho Segundo Jesus Cristo, A Caverna e o Ensaio Sobre a Lucidez. Buscamos analisar nessas obras algumas estruturas do poder de nossa sociedade e mostrar como esse poder influi e reflete nos homens. Para tanto, é feita uma análise sobre a sociedade atual onde foram desenvolvidos aspectos históricos, sócio-filosóficos, como também as particularidades da escrita saramaguiana que faz uma construção textual coesa, onde os vínculos subjetivos das personagens reforçam a grande mensagem de intervenção de sua obra, que é a busca sem limites pela emancipação humana. / The objective of this essay is to try, based on the follwing works of José Saramago The Gospel Accordind to Jesus Christ, The Cave and Awakening, to analyse the structures of power that exists in our society, such as described in these books, and to show how this power influnces and reflects on mankind. Therefore, a detailed analysis of todays society is made, with the development of historical, social and philosophical aspects, as much as, an analysis on the particularities of José Saramago writing style, where the characterss subjective links enhances the message held within the texte, which is mankinds unlimited search for amancipation.

Les composants magnétiques planaires (inductance et transformateur) occupent une place importante dans certains circuits intégrés utilisés en haute fréquence. Leur miniaturisation et leur intégration vont de pair avec celles des circuits électroniques qui évoluent constamment surtout pour les appareils portables. Quelques travaux scientifiques ont permis d’identifier les différents mécanismes à l’origine de pertes dans les composants magnétiques planaires, afin de les limiter. Les pertes dans les enroulements sont classiquement prises en compte par une résistance r(f) fonction de la fréquence. La détermination, à partir des paramètres S obtenus par mesure ou simulation, de la résistance r(f) constitue à ce jour un sujet d’étude à part entière, les paramètres S étant les seuls paramètres que l’on peut obtenir au-delà de la centaine de MHz. Pour contribuer à la résolution de ce problème, nous avons proposé une méthode prenant en compte toutes les pertes dans le bobinage. Cette méthode de détermination de la résistance en fonction de la fréquence se fait dans trois domaines de fréquence : - en très basse fréquence, la rDC est obtenue par calcul ou mesurée à l’aide d’un matériel basse fréquence, - aux "moyennes fréquences" lorsque les impédances R et Lω ne sont pas trop différentes, les phénomènes capacitifs pouvant être négligés, - aux résonances en très haute fréquence. L’application de cette méthode sur trois structures différentes (inductance à air de plusieurs spires, à air à une spire en oméga et à une couche de matériau magnétique) a permis de : - observer une bonne corrélation entre simulation et mesure, -valider l’évolution des pertes en fonction de la fréquence, -séparer les effets de peau et de proximité, -séparer les pertes fer et les pertes cuivre pour une inductance à couche magnétique / Planar magnetic components (transformer and inductor) have become a big part in some integrated circuits used in high frequency. Miniaturization and integration of magnetic components go hand in hand with the ones of electronics that constantly evolves especially for portable devices. A few scientific studies have identified the different mechanisms of losses in planar magnetic components. Winding losses are generally taken into account using a resistance r(f) versus frequency.The use of scattering parameters S to determine resistance r(f) represents a comprehensive research project ; S parameters that can be obtained either by measurement or by simulation, are the only parameters which one can get at high frequencies (above 100MHz). To solve this problem, we have proposed a method taking into account all winding losses. Our approach for determining r(f) has to be applied in 3 frequency domains: - at very low frequency, r(f) = rDC and its value is either calculated or measured using low frequency equipment, - in the middle frequency range, capacitive coupling can be neglected while impedances R and Lω are in the same order of magnitude, - at very high resonance frequencies.This method has been implemented for 3 different structures (coreless inductor with several turns of coil, Omega shape coreless inductor with one turn and inductor with a magnetic layer) leads to : - observe a good correlation between simulation and measurement, - validate the evolution of losses versus frequency, - separate skin effects and proximity effects, - separate iron losses and winding losses

O propósito deste trabalho é uma tentativa de leitura a partir de três obras de José Saramago: O Evangelho Segundo Jesus Cristo, A Caverna e o Ensaio Sobre a Lucidez. Buscamos analisar nessas obras algumas estruturas do poder de nossa sociedade e mostrar como esse poder influi e reflete nos homens. Para tanto, é feita uma análise sobre a sociedade atual onde foram desenvolvidos aspectos históricos, sócio-filosóficos, como também as particularidades da escrita saramaguiana que faz uma construção textual coesa, onde os vínculos subjetivos das personagens reforçam a grande mensagem de intervenção de sua obra, que é a busca sem limites pela emancipação humana. / The objective of this essay is to try, based on the follwing works of José Saramago The Gospel Accordind to Jesus Christ, The Cave and Awakening, to analyse the structures of power that exists in our society, such as described in these books, and to show how this power influnces and reflects on mankind. Therefore, a detailed analysis of todays society is made, with the development of historical, social and philosophical aspects, as much as, an analysis on the particularities of José Saramago writing style, where the characterss subjective links enhances the message held within the texte, which is mankinds unlimited search for amancipation.

A presente dissertação dedica-se ao estudo da relação entre a teoria e a prática do Supremo Tribunal Federal no que diz respeito aos limites da interpretação conforme a Constituição. A partir do confronto entre as principais lições doutrinárias sobre o tema e os acórdãos proferidos pela Corte nos processos do controle abstrato de constitucionalidade, verifica-se que os limites reconhecidos pela doutrina e pelo Tribunal não são obedecidos em muitos dos precedentes, casos nos quais tem-se a utilização da interpretação conforme como mecanismo de correção e integração judicial do direito. Nesse cenário, busca-se averiguar a legitimidade de tal conduta pelo aplicador do direito. Chega-se, assim, a conclusão de que, nos casos em que o Supremo Tribunal Federal se vê diante de hipóteses em que há lacuna ou antinomia que não podem ser resolvidas pela interpretação conforme em sua função de decisão, o princípio da inafastabilidade da jurisdição impõe a aplicação da integração conforme a Constituição, desde que ela não esteja vedada tácita ou expressamente pelo ordenamento e que a decisão que a determine esteja fundamentada. / This study tries to understand the relationship between theory and practice regarding the limits of the interpretation according to the Constitution. Confronting the most common jurisprudence that relates to the topic and the decisions that the Supreme Court emitted in the cases of abstract judicial review, it becomes clear that the before mentioned limits of the interpretation according to the Constitution aren\'t respected by the decisions of the Court and that the technique is used as a mechanism of correction and integrity of the law. In this scenario, this study tries to reveal the legitimacy of the decisions the Supreme Court took on this basis. The conclusion one has arrived at states that in the cases in which the Supreme Court confronts itself with antinomy or law blanks that can\'t be resolved by regular interpretation, the non liquet principle forces the Court to correct or to integrate the law, as long as: 1) it isn\'t expressly or implicitly forbidden by the constitutional text; and 2) the decision is thoroughly motivated.

This diploma thesis shows possible approach to teaching of thema Material stocks, their placing in Law of accounting, Czech accounting standards and publice notice. I focus on conditions and structure of teaching, individual lectures and total examples to examine and to verify of knowledge.

The content of the thesis is an income statement informative. It deals with its structural elements, the structure itself and its various concepts within the global harmonization. Especially it focuses on defining of the same and different views on the income statement that occur between the Czech accounting legislation and IFRS. The analytic part of the thesis transforms the income statement generated under the Czech law to the income statement fulfilling the IFRS requirements and the analysis of the both reports. One part of the thesis is aimed at inter-company comparison of companies with the same type of business. It includes the horizontal and vertical analysis, including benchmarking profitability and others.

This thesis deals with analysis of creditworthy and bankruptcy models. The aim is to analyze how are individual creditworthy and bankruptcy models able to predict problems in the company. Creditworthy and bankruptcy models are applied to 25 companies, which were facing problems during their life. These are mainly limited liability companies, but also there are joint-stock companies. A total of five sectors is analyzed. Manufacturing industry, construction, wholesale and retail trade, transportation and warehousing and professional, scientific and technical activities. Five creditworthy and bankruptcy models are analyzed: Altman model, model IN05, Taffler model, Springate analysis and balance analysis system according to Rudolf Doucha, which is used in two variants.

The aim of the thesis was to explore current approaches used for valuation according to the valuation regulation. The next aim was to choose appropriate method for finding usual price and compare it with the price assessed determined by administrative methods according to Valuation Decree. Comperative method was the chosen method. There are six forest properties from The Czech Republic evaluated in the practical part of the study. The conclusion of the thesis summarizes detected information from the area of valuation of forest.