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Réhabilitation de fôrets par la plantation sous couvert : écologie des arbres plantés dans le sud-ouest du QuébecPaquette, Alain January 2006 (has links)
Thèse numérisée par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.
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Assessment of Genetic Variation of Acer rubrum L. and Liriodendron tulipifera L. Populations in Unmanaged Forests of the Southeast United StatesKovach, Katherine Elizabeth 30 March 2009 (has links)
Acer rubrum L. and Liriodendron tulipifera L. are prolific throughout their ranges in the Southeastern U.S. and also have increasingly important roles in forestry and wood products in this region. The relatively low density and intermediate strength of the wood makes them versatile for use in many different wood products. Exploring the genetic structure of these species could provide a foundation for further genetic and breeding exploration with these economically important trees. This study utilizes amplified fragment length polymorphism to determine the level of genetic diversity of these species in contrasting physiographic provinces. AFLP was performed using five primer combinations on samples collected from six unmanaged populations of each species in the Mountains and Coastal Plain of the Southeastern U.S. Wood density was determined using an X-ray densitometer. A. rubrum lacked strong genetic structure while L. tulipifera showed differentiation between physiographic provinces. Genetic diversity of A. rubrum was lower within the Mountain populations (He: 0.327) than the Coastal Plain populations (He: 0.365). The average wood density for A. rubrum is lower in the Mountains (539.00 kg/m^3) than in the Coastal Plain (575.43 kg/m^3). Genetic diversity of L. tulipifera was higher overall (He: 0.289) than within the Mountain populations (He: 0.281) or the Coastal Plain populations (He: 0.271). The average wood density for L. tulipifera is greater in the Mountains (445.45 kg/m^3) than in the Coastal Plain (441.67 kg/m^3). / Master of Science
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Effects of Soil Amendments and Biostimulants on the Post-transplant Growth of Landscape TreesKelting, Matthew P. 07 February 1997 (has links)
Use of soil amendments at planting is one of the time-honored traditions in horticulture, although their effectiveness has been questioned by many. Recently, humate and humate-based products, generally known as biostimulants, have been marketed to increase transplant success. In this study, three experiments were conducted to examine the effects of soil amendments and biostimulants on post-transplant growth of landscape trees. The first experiment, conducted in a greenhouse, determined the effects of several biostimulant treatments (granular humate, water-soluble humate, liquid humate, liquid humate+ = humic acid, hormones, and vitamins) and fertilizer levels (low, medium, high) on the growth of container-grown Corylus colurna L. (Turkish hazelnut) seedlings. Biostimulants did not increase top growth compared to control treatments, but root growth was increased by granular humate at a medium fertilizer rate. The second experiment examined the effects of biostimulants (granular humate, water-soluble humate, liquid humate+) on the post-transplant root growth and sap-flow of landscape-sized balled and burlapped Acer rubrum L. (red maple) grown in root observation compartments (rhizotrons). Biostimulants did not increase root growth over control treatments, but sap-flow was increased. The third experiment, conducted in the field (Groseclose silt loam soil) investigated the effects of soil amendments (peat, and compost) and biostimulants (granular humate, and liquid humate+) on the post-transplant growth of Crataegus phaenopyrum (Blume) Hara (Washington hawthorn) and red maple transplanted bare-root, and grown under combinations of irrigated vs non-irrigated and fertilized-at-planting vs non-fertilized-at-planting regimes. Hawthorn controls generally had less top growth than the other soil treatments as a whole. No soil treatment was higher than control for top growth of red maple. However, root growth of red maple was highest in the peat-treated trees. Stem diameter and dry mass for the control and compost treatments were higher than the biostimulant treatments in irrigated plots, but no differences were observed in non-irrigated plots. Granular humate-treated trees resulted in higher stem diameter and dry mass than the liquid humate+-treated trees in non-irrigated plots. There were no effects of fertilizer, or irrigation on growth after two growing seasons for either species. / Master of Science
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Uosialapio klevo (Acer negundo L.)derėjimas ir vaisių morfologinių požymių variacija gamtinėse ir urbanizuotose buveinėse / Fecundity and variation of fruit morphological parametres of ash-leaf maple (Acer negundo L.)in natural and urbanised habitatsGudmonas, Nerijus 31 August 2012 (has links)
Uosialapis klevas (Acer negundo) vienas iš 5 invazinių naikintinų augalų Lietuvoje. Dėl jo agresyvaus skverbimosi į vandens pakrančių bendrijas ir daromos žalos bioįvairovei pradėti tyrimai kuriais siekiama išsiaiškinti uosialapio klevo ekologines ir biologines savybes, populiacijų sudėtį ir daromą poveikį aplinkai. Darbo tikslas – nustatyti uosialapio klevo derėjimo ir vaisių morfologinių požymių priklausomybę nuo medžių amžiaus ir buveinės sąlygų. Darbo uždaviniai: 1. Nustatyti tirtų uosialapio klevo populiacijų moteriškųjų individų brandos amžių; 2. Įvertinti uosialapio klevo kekių dydžio priklausomybę nuo medžio amžiaus ir buveinės sąlygų; 3. Nustatyti vaisių morfologinių požymių priklausomybę nuo medžio amžiaus ir buveinės sąlygų; 4. Ištirti uosialapio klevo vaisių morfologinių požymių įvairovę. / Ash-leaf maple (Acer negundo) is listed among 5 alien invasive plant species in Lithuania. Because of intense invasion to the habitats of river banks and negative influence on biodiversity, investigations on this species biological and ecological caracteristics were started in order to reveal its impact on natural environment. The aim of the work was to reveal fecundity and variation of fruit parameters in relationship with tree age and habitat characteristics. Following tasks were formulated: (1) to reveal age of fecundity of female individuals of ash-leaf maple; (2) to estimate dependence of raceme parameters upon tree age and habitat characteristics; (3) to reveal relationships of fruit morphological parameters with tree age and habitat characteristics; (4) to investigate variation of fruit parameters in and among populations.
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Aportaciones al estudio del comportamiento a flexión de estructuras de acero inoxidableReal Saladrigas, Esther 24 May 2001 (has links)
L'acer inoxidable està essent utilitzat de manera creixent en els últims anys als sectors de la indústria i de l'arquitectura gràcies a la seva resistència a la corrosió, facilitat de manteniment i aparença agradable. Però, la seva utilització com a material resistent s'ha limitat durant anys a causa, entre d'altres, de la falta d'especificacions de disseny que fomentin i facilitin l'ús de l'acer inoxidable en aquesta situació. Aquesta limitació ha inspirat a investigadors de tot el món a estudiar el comportament del material acer inoxidable i desenvolupar noves expressions de disseny per tal d'explotar de manera òptima les propietats del material en aplicacions resistents.L'objectiu principal d'aquest treball és contribuir al progrés del coneixement de l'hacer inoxidable com a material estructural, analitzant el comportament en servei i l'evolució fins al col·lapse d'estructures d'acer inoxidable treballant fonamentalment a flexió. Aquest objectiu principal queda palès en forma de possibles pautes d'actuació i d'expressions de disseny que permetin dimensionar les estructures d'una manera eficient. El treball es centra en l'estudi del comportament de peces d'acer inoxidable sotmeses a flexió, ja que una de les funcions principals que pot exigir-se a l'acer inoxidable és la de treballar com a material estructural en peces flectades. L'estudi s'ha enfocat, per un costat, cap al càlcul de fletxes i les corresponents verificacions front l'estat límit de deformabilitat i, per altra banda, cap a l'estudi del comportament en estat límit últim de tallant i la determinació d'un mecanisme resistent que consideri les peculiaritats del material acer inoxidable.S'han realitzat dues campanyes experimentals sobre elements estructurals d'acer inoxidable en les que s'ha caracteritzat el comportament real del material utilitzat a cada assaig i s'han instrumentat les bigues per poder mesurar les fletxes i les deformacions que es produeixen en diferents punts de les estructures assajades durant els processos d'aplicació de càrrega. La utilització d'un model numèric basat en el mètode dels elements finits ha servit per proporcionar un millor coneixement sobre els fenòmens estudiats i poder optimitzar la instrumentació utilitzada durant els assaigs. El model numèric té en comte l'equació constitutiva real del material, determinada experimentalment, de manera que es poden simular els assaigs i comparar els resultats numèrics i experimentals. Un cop validat el model numèric s'utilitza de manera sistemàtica per generar una base de dades suficientment àmplia sobre la que establir noves expressions de disseny.La informació proporcionada per la instrumentació en les bigues assajades ha permès observar el comportament no lineal de l'acer inoxidable i assolir una sèrie de conclusions relatives al dimensionament d'aquest tipus d'estructures. Els resultats experimentals han permès observar també que les actuals expressions de dimensionament de les normatives per estructures d'acer inoxidable són molt conservadores. Un cop finalitzades les campanyes experimentals i la modelització dels assaigs mitjançant la utilització del model numèric s'ha dut a terme un anàlisi detallat dels resultats i un estudi del comportament de les estructures assajades, arribant a les següents conclusions generals.La no linealitat de la relació tensió-deformació del material complica el càlcul precís de fletxes en elements d'acer inoxidable ja que, en general, serà necessari recórrer a l'ús d'eines d'anàlisi no lineal que dificulten el disseny. El càlcul de fletxes mitjançant la utilització d'un únic valor del mòdul d'elasticitat secant per tot l'element proposat a Eurocodi 3, Part 1-4 (1996) tendeix a sobreestimar les fletxes, portant a dimensionaments conservadors en al estat límit de deformacions.Es proposa una metodologia de càlcul de fletxes considerant la no linealitat del material, la qual es basa en una expressió analítica que permet obtenir el diagrama moment-curvatura d'una secció transversal d'acer inoxidable. També s'ha obtingut una expressió del mòdul d'elasticitat equivalent, representatiu del comportament global de la biga, de manera que a partir d'aquest valor i utilitzant les expressions habituals de càlcul lineal, es pot determinar la fletxa màxima en bigues d'acer inoxidable amb suficient precisió.Per el dimensionament a tallant de bigues d'acer inoxidable és necessari tenir en comte els aspectes diferencials que introdueix la no linealitat del diagrama tensió-deformació de l'hacer inoxidable respecte l'acer al carboni. En acer inoxidable, l'abonyegament apareix sempre dins del règim no lineal del material i el comportament postcrític està igualment afectat per aquesta no linealitat, provocant una pèrdua de capacitat resistent.Els estudis realitzats en aquest camp han conduït a l'elaboració de noves expressions de disseny per a la determinació de càrregues crítiques inicials en xapes d'acer inoxidable.Tanmateix es proposa un mètode de dimensionament de bigues armades d'acer inoxidable sotmeses a tallant basat en el mètode del camp diagonal de traccions per acer al carboni.Finalment es plantegen, resultants de la pròpia evolució del coneixement sobre el tema d'estudi durant el període d'experimentació i anàlisi, futures línies de treball en el camp del comportament a flexió de les estructures d'acer inoxidable. / El acero inoxidable está siendo utilizado de manera creciente en los últimos años en los sectores de la industria y de la arquitectura gracias a su resistencia a la corrosión, facilidad de mantenimiento y apariencia agradable. Sin embargo, su empleo como material estructural resistente ha estado limitado durante años debido, entre otras razones, a la falta de especificaciones de diseño que fomenten y faciliten el uso del acero inoxidable en esta situación. Esta limitación ha inspirado a investigadores de todo el mundo a estudiar el comportamiento del material acero inoxidable y desarrollar nuevas expresiones de diseño para explotar de manera óptima las propiedades del material en aplicaciones resistentes.El objetivo principal de este trabajo es contribuir al avance del conocimiento del acero inoxidable como material estructural, analizando el comportamiento en servicio y la evolución hasta rotura de estructuras de acero inoxidable trabajando fundamentalmente a flexión. Dicho objetivo principal queda plasmado en forma de posibles pautas de actuación y de expresiones de diseño que permitan dimensionar tales estructuras de una manera eficiente.El trabajo se centra en el estudio del comportamiento de piezas de acero inoxidable sometidas a flexión, ya que una de las funciones principales que puede exigirse al acero inoxidable es la de trabajar como material estructural de piezas flectadas. El estudio se ha enfocado, por un lado, hacia el cálculo de flechas y las correspondientes verificaciones frente al estado límite de deformabilidad y, por otro lado, hacia el estudio del comportamiento en estado límite último frente a cortante y la determinación de un mecanismo resistente que considere las peculiaridades del material acero inoxidable.Se han realizado dos campañas experimentales sobre elementos estructurales de acero inoxidable en las que se ha caracterizado el comportamiento real del material utilizado en cada ensayo y se han instrumentado las vigas para poder medir las flechas y las deformaciones que se producen en diferentes puntos de las estructuras ensayadas durante los procesos de aplicación de carga.La utilización de un modelo numérico basado en el método de los elementos finitos ha servido para proporcionar un mejor conocimiento sobre los fenómenos estudiados y poder optimizar la instrumentación utilizada durante los ensayos. El modelo numérico tiene en cuenta la ecuación constitutiva real del material, determinada experimentalmente, de modo que se pueden simular los ensayos y comparar los resultados numéricos y experimentales. Una vez validado el modelo numérico se utiliza de manera sistemática para generar una base de datossuficientemente amplia sobre la que establecer nuevas expresiones de diseño. La información proporcionada por la instrumentación en las vigas ensayadas ha permitido observar el comportamiento no lineal del acero inoxidable y alcanzar una serie de conclusiones relativas al dimensionamiento de este tipo de estructuras. Los resultados experimentales han permitido observar también que las actuales expresiones de dimensionamiento de las normativas para estructuras de acero inoxidable son muy conservadoras.Tras la realización de las campañas experimentales y la modelización de los ensayos mediante la utilización del modelo numérico se ha realizado un minucioso análisis de los resultados obtenidos y un profundo estudio del comportamiento de las estructuras ensayadas, de modo que se ha llegado a las siguientes conclusiones generales.La no linealidad de la relación tensión-deformación del material complica el cálculo preciso de flechas en elementos de acero inoxidable ya que, en general, será necesario recurrir al uso de herramientas de análisis no lineal que dificultan el diseño. El cálculo de flechas mediante la utilización de un único valor del módulo de elasticidad secante a lo largo de todo el elemento propuesto en Eurocódigo 3, Parte 1-4 (1996) tiende a sobrestimar las flechas, dandolugar a dimensionamientos conservadores frente al estado límite de deformaciones. Se propone una metodología de cálculo de flechas considerando la no linealidad del material, la cual se basa en una expresión analítica que permite obtener el diagrama momento-curvatura de una sección transversal de acero inoxidable. También se ha obtenido una expresión del módulo de elasticidad equivalente, representativo del comportamiento global de la viga, de manera que a partir de dicho valor y utilizando las expresiones habituales de cálculo lineal, se puede determinar la flecha máxima en vigas de acero inoxidable con suficiente precisión.Para el dimensionamiento a cortante de vigas de acero inoxidable es necesario tener en cuenta los aspectos diferenciales que introduce la no linealidad del diagrama tensión-deformación del acero inoxidable frente al acero al carbono. En acero inoxidable, la abolladura tiene lugar siempre dentro del régimen no lineal del material y el comportamiento postcrítico está igualmente afectado por dicha no linealidad, provocando una pérdida de capacidad resistente. Los estudios realizados en este campo han conducido a la elaboración de nuevas expresiones de diseño para la determinación de cargas críticas iniciales en chapas de acero inoxidable.Asimismo se propone un método de dimensionamiento de vigas armadas de acero inoxidable sometidas a cortante basado en el método del campo diagonal de tracciones para acero al carbono.Finalmente se plantean, resultantes de la propia evolución del conocimiento sobre el tema de estudio durante el período de experimentación y análisis, futuras líneas de trabajo en el campo del comportamiento a flexión de las estructuras de acero inoxidable. / Stainless steel elements have been increasingly used in the construction industry during the last few years, especially in architectural applications, due to its high corrosion resistance, ease of maintenance and aesthetics. The most important limiting factor restraining structural applications of stainless steel is the lack of knowledge about its resistant properties among designers. This factor has inspired researchers to explore the structural behaviour of the material and develop new design rules to exploit this material to its full potential in construction.The aim of this research work is to advance in the knowledge of stainless steel as a structural material by analysing stainless steel beams behaviour under flexural loads near service conditions and its evolution up to failure. This objective will be translated to a set of possible actuation guidelines and new expressions for the design of stainless steel structures in an efficient way.The present investigation has been focussed on the study of the behaviour of stainless steel beams under flexural loads. On the one hand, part of this study has been focussed on the deflections calculation in order to verify stainless steel structures in front of serviceability limit state. On the other hand, the second part of this work seeks to study the response of stainless steel plated girders subjected to shear load near service conditions and their evolution up to failure, in order to determine a resistant mechanism that considers stainless steel special features.Two experimental programmes on stainless steel structural elements have been developed.The actual behaviour of the material of the tested beams has been characterised and the tested elements have been instrumented in order to measure deflections and deformations at different points of the structures during the test. A numerical model based on the finite element method has been used in order to reach a deeper knowledge about the phenomenon to study and optimise the acquisition of information during the test. The numerical model considers the actual constitutive equation of the material obtained by experimental characterisation tests. Therefore, the model is able to simulate the tests and after that, a comparative analysis of both numerical and experimental results can be carried out. Once the model has been validated, it is used systematically in order to generate a data basis wide enough to establish new design guidelines.Information derived from the instrumentation of the tested beams has been provided to observe clearly the non-linear behaviour of stainless steel and to reach a set of conclusions related to the efficient design of this kind of resistant structures. Experimental results have also shown that the current design provisions for this new construction material are really conservative.After the development of the experimental campaigns and the numerical modelling of the tests, a meticulous analysis of the results and a deep study of the tested structures behaviour have been carried out reaching the following general conclusions.The material non-linearity makes more difficult the precise deflections calculation in stainless steel structural elements. In most of the cases, it will be necessary to use non-linear analysis tools. The application of the simplified method derived form Eurocode 3, Part 1-4 (1996), that considers only one value of the secant modulus of elasticity along the structural element may lead to overestimate deflections, conducing the design towards very conservative results in front of service conditions.A new methodology for deflections calculation considering the material non-linearity is proposed. It is based on an analytical expression of moment-curvature diagram for stainless steel cross-sections. Moreover, a new expression for an equivalent elastic modulus, which represents the general behaviour of the beam, is being defined. Therefore, with this new parameter and using the typical expressions of linear analysis, it is possible to determine deflections in stainless steel beams with sufficient accuracy taking into account the material non-linearity effects.In order to design structural elements subjected to shear load it is necessary to consider the actual stainless steel stress-strain relationship. In stainless steel structures shear buckling is always developed during the non-linear path and its postcritical behaviour is clearly influenced by the material non-linearity; this supposes a loss of resistant capacity. New design expressions to determine the initial shear buckling stress have been proposed as a result of the studies developed in this investigation. Moreover, a new design method to stainless steel plated girders under shear load, based on the tension field method for carbon steel structures, is presented.Finally, as a natural result in the evolution of knowledge in this item, some future works on flexural behaviour of stainless steel beams are presented.
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The research of entry modes of MNEs- The case study of Acer and Samsung Electronics in European MarketsChiu, Chu-Wen 27 June 2008 (has links)
With increasing globalism, most firms are expanding operations into many different countries. Company operations are not single location; the plants, warehouses, and distribution centers are located in terms of the proximity of the resource base and the cost
benefits derived from the most advantageous locations. Multinational enterprises were resulted because of markets of products in a specific nation were too mature to increase the sales volume. Firms could no longer gain profits from domestic markets and revenue from the domestic markets were shrinking. The development of a multinational enterprise must be relevant to its different foreign entry modes. Its selection is a complex process in
that the firm must evaluate multiple factors, such as the extent of the risk of investing in a nation and how much the firm is involved in the host countries.
The research aim of this thesis is to compare the cases ACER of Taiwan and Samsung Electronics co. (SEC) of Korea in terms of how each firm dealt with barriers to entry in
the electronics industry and thus become strong competitors in the world. The thesis also focuses on the selection of foreign entry mode to achieve success in business expansion.
This research focuses on the internationalization process of Acer, a Taiwanese firm and Samsung Electronics Co. (SEC), a Korean firm, in European markets.
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Generation and maintenance of species diversity in leaf cone moths (Caloptilia) feeding on maples (Acer) / カエデ属植物を利用するハマキホソガ属蛾類における種多様性の創出と維持に関する研究Nakadai, Ryosuke 23 March 2017 (has links)
京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(理学) / 甲第20214号 / 理博第4299号 / 新制||理||1617(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院理学研究科生物科学専攻 / (主査)准教授 川北 篤, 教授 田村 実, 准教授 酒井 章子 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Science / Kyoto University / DFAM
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Sulfur Requirements of Container-grown Pin Oak and Japanese MapleBrowder, Jake Forrest 03 December 2004 (has links)
The objectives for this research were to determine: 1) whether sulfated micronutrient addition increased growth of container-grown pin oak (Quercus palustris MuÌ nchh) and Japanese maple (Acer palmatum Thunb.) seedlings by supplying micronutrients, sulfur, or decreasing substrate pH, 2) S requirements of Q. palustris and A. palmatum container-grown in a pine bark (PB) substrate, and 3) if there are any conditions that will affect these S requirements. Container grown Q. palustris and A. palmatum seedlings were grown in PB, amended (or not) with the following treatments: control (no amendment), Micromax (commercial micronutrient fertilizer [sulfate form]), K2SO4, H2SO4, HCl, chelated micronutrients, elemental S, or CaSO4. Dry weights of plants in all treatments supplying S were higher than for plants receiving no S. These data indicate that S, not micronutrient application, was the primary cause of increased growth from the addition of sulfated micronutrients. In other experiments these two species were fertilized with 8 different concentrations of S application (0, 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 40, or 80 mg·liter-1). Regression analysis revealed dry weights of both species were near maximum at the extrapolated application concentration of 30 mg·liter-1 S, which corresponded to approximately 15 and 7 mg·liter-1 S in substrate solution for oak and maple, respectively.
In another set of experiments plants were fertilized with Micromax or FeSO4 with or without lime. In the plus lime treatments (substrate pH 6.1), plant dry weights were higher in Micromax fertilized plants than for FeSO4 fertilized plants. However, in the minus lime treatment (substrate pH 4.5), FeSO4 addition effectively supplied S to plants. / Master of Science
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Skillnader i mulmvolymer mellan fem trädslag i Östergötlands eklandskap / Differences in wood mould volumes among five tree species in the oak landscape of ÖstergötlandCarlsson, Staffan January 2013 (has links)
Old hollow trees of oak contain a large amount of wood mould. Unfortunately, these trees have in the last century been greatly reduced in numbers. It has resulted in that species that depend on these habitats, saproxylic species, have become at risk to decrease in numbers or die out regionally. Previous studies have shown that the volume of wood mould is an important factor for occurrence and population size of saproxylic organisms. The aim of the present study was to examine how the volume of wood mould varies among ash (Fraxinus excelsior), lime (Tilia sp.), maple (Acer platanoides), aspen (Populus tremula) and oak (Quercus robur). The measurements were wood mould depth, internal cavity diameter, internal cavity height, circumference, and if white or brown rot was the dominating mould fungus. In total 23 ashes, 20 limes, 24 maples, 24 aspens and 21 oaks in the vicinity of Motala (Östergötland) were measured. The results show that there were significant differences between tree species concerning the volumes of wood mould. The oak accommodated larger volumes than the other species. The ash, however, had a larger volume than oak at the same circumference. The study shows ash could be a complement to the oak in conservation plans. Since the ash generally holds a larger volume then the oak at the same circumference, this implies the possibility that the ash can be suitable for saproxylic organisms at an earlier stage. In the isolated fragments of the landscape the possibility for survival may then increase for species that are dependent of these habitats. / Gamla hålträd av ek hyser ofta en stor mängd mulm. Tyvärr har dessa träd det senaste århundradet minskat i antal. Det har fått till följd att arter som är beroende av dessa habitat riskerar att minska eller dö ut regionalt. Tidigare studier har visat att volymen av mulm i ett träd är en viktig faktor för förekomst och populationsstorlek. Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka hur mulmvolymer varierar mellan olika trädslag. Mulmvolymen mättes därför hos ask ( Fraxinus excelsior), lind (Tilia sp.), lönn (Acer platanoides), asp (Populus tremula) och ek (Quercus robur). På varje träd mättes mulmdjup, invändig håldiameter, invändig hålhöjd, omkrets samt om trädet hade vitröta eller brunröta. Sammanlagt mättes 23 askar, 20 lindar, 24 lönnar, 24 aspar och 21 ekar runt Motala (Östergötland) med omnejd. Resultaten visar att det finns signifikanta skillnader mellan trädslagen gällande mulmvolymer. Eken hyser större volymer än de övriga, men ask och lönn har även de relativt stora volymer mulm. Asken har dock större volym mulm än vad eken har vid samma omkrets. Studien visar att man vid naturvårdsplaneringar bör ta med ask som ett komplement till eken i ett fragmenterat landskap. Eftersom asken kan generera större volymer mulm än eken vid samma omkrets medför detta möjligheten att asken kan fungera som habitat i ett tidigare skede. I isolerade fragment av landskapet kan då chansen för överlevnad möjligtvis öka för de arter som är beroende av mulmhabitat.
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Ein dendroökologischer Vergleich zur Wirkung der Stickstoffverfügbarkeit auf das Dickenwachstum von Bergahorn und RotbucheBrisch, Andreas 28 April 2014 (has links) (PDF)
In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde das Wachstum von Bergahorn und Buche mit dendroökologischen Methoden untersucht. Dies geschah vor dem Hintergrund der Ausbreitung des Bergahorns und der Eutrophierung der Landschaft. Die daran anknüpfende Fragestellung ist: Begünstigt Eutrophierung den Bergahorn? Die Untersuchung fand in einem Waldstück in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern statt. Dabei wurden von 42 Bergahornen und 38 Buchen Bohrkerne für die Vermessung der Jahrringe genommen. Weiterhin wurde neben jedem beprobten Baum das C/N-Verhältnis des Oberbodens bestimmt (n=80). Die Auswertung der Daten erfolgte durch drei Ansätze: 1.) Der Einfluss einer Hähnchenmastanlage auf beide Baumarten wurde untersucht. 2.) Die Beziehung zwischen dem C/N-Verhältnis des Bodens und dem Wachstum der Bäume wurde verglichen. 3.) Auf unterschiedlichen Standorten (C/N-Verhältnis) wurde die Abhängigkeit des Wachstums der Bäume vom Klima untersucht. Dabei wurde die Reaktion der beiden Arten auf das Klima verglichen. Die deutlichsten Ergebnisse wurden durch den zweiten Ansatz erzielt. Das C/N-Verhältnis des oberen Bodens lag zwischen 12,4 und 17,4. In diesem Bereich wurde eine positive Korrelation zwischen dem C/N-Verhältnis des Bodens und dem Wachstum der Bäume festgestellt. Die Ergebnisse deuten auf eine Schädigung der beiden Arten durch Stickstoff hin, welche beim Bergahorn (R² = 0,30) stärker als bei der Buche (R² = 0,18) ausgeprägt ist. Daraus folgt, dass der Bergahorn durch die Eutrophierung geschwächt wird. Ein Einfluss der Mastanlage auf das Wachstum der Bäume wurde nicht festgestellt. Auf das Klima reagierten beiden Arten ähnlich. Es bestand ein positiver Zusammenhang zwischen dem Niederschlag und dem Wachstum der Bäume. Der Einfluss des Standorts auf die Klimareaktion der Bäume war uneindeutig. / Within this thesis the growth of sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus L.) and beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) was investigated by applying dendroecological methods. The overall idea derived from the distribution of sycamore and the eutrophication of the environment leading to the question whether eutrophication promotes the spread of sycamore. The investigated forest was located in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. To inspect the annual rings of the trees 42 samples were taken off the trunk of sycamore while 38 samples were gathered from beech. Apart from that the ratio of carbon and nitrogen within the topsoil of every single tree was analysed (n=80). The evaluation of the data employed three approaches. 1.) The impact of a poultry farm on both species was investigated. 2.) The relation of the C/N-ratio of the soil was compared to the growth of the trees. 3.) The connection between the growth of the trees and the climate was examined for the various sites (in terms of the C/N-ratio). Thereby the response of the species onto the climate was compared. The most precise results were achieved within the second approach. Values for the C/N-ratio of the upper soil lay between 12.4 and 17.4. A positive correlation between the C/N-ratio of the soil and the growth of the trees was discovered within this range. The results suggest an adverse effect to both of the species. This effect is more intense regarding sycamore (R² = 0,30) compared to beech (R² = 0,18). It can therefore be concluded that sycamore is weakened by eutrophication. An effect of the poultry farm on the species was not observed. Both species responded similarly regarding climate parameters. A positive relation between precipitation and growth of the trees was found. The impact of the location on the climate reaction of the trees was ambiguous.
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