Introduction: In previous years, Occupational Therapy relied on the parents and caregivers’ perspectives about their children’s activity capacity, performance, and participation. The shift to a more child and family-centred practice has led to the creation of a variety of self-reported assessments for children and adolescents. This study reviewed articles containing paediatric self-report assessments, available for use within the Occupational Therapy area, and critically appraised them. Method: A systematic review in seven databases with the use of 22 search terms was conducted. Inclusion criteria was articles containing paediatric and adolescent reported assessments available to Occupational Therapists, published up to 20 years old and written in the English language. Exclusion criteria included articles containing impairment-based measures and proxy reported measures. The initial literature search took place between March 1st, 2018 and April 30th, 2018. Eighty-two articles met criteria, and, from these articles, 21 assessments were found and appraised using the COSMIN checklist Results:. Twenty-one assessments were found to measure children’s and adolescents’ perceptions on their activity capacity, performance and/ or participation. All their characteristics and technical details are mentioned in depth in this research. When applicable, clinimetric properties were appraised and found quite a few with good or excellent reliability and validity. Few assessments had not any research regarding their clinimetric properties. Conclusion: Most found assessments measured activity capacity and performance. The need for more participation-based measures emerged. Few assessments showed good or excellent reliability and validity which need to be considered if used within clinical practice.

<p>The overall aim of this thesis was to describe (1) needs for occupational therapy among persons with self-perceived activity limitations and/or participation restrictions due to long-term/recurrent pain, and (2) treatment interventions in occupational therapy to meet demonstrated needs. The Liss’ model for assessing health care needs was used as a structural scheme. A randomly selected sample (n=10,000) from the Swedish general population aged 18-58 years was the foundation for the study population with and without pain. In addition, occupational therapists were included (n=109). Data collection was made by postal questionnaires. The results showed a prevalence of 26 % and an incidence rate of 0.07. Demographic characteristics of the sample were female gender, ages 40-58 years and fewer years of education than those without pain. Pain in shoulders/lower back of searing/aching/gnawing character was the most frequently reported. A majority of the respondents reported affective/emo-tional effects of pain mainly of depressive character and they had previously been on sick leave due to pain. Women reported higher frequencies of self-perceived activity limitations/ participation restrictions due to pain, more difficulties with intermediate ADL, perceived higher job demands and had longer sick leave than men. Men perceived poorer social support than did women. Needs for occupational therapy were reported mainly as a consequence of activity and temporal imbalance. High health care consumers reported higher frequencies of needs/problems than did low health care consumers. The main goals and interventions suggested by occupational therapists to meet the needs in pain management focused on increased knowledge of handling daily occupations with the purpose to reduce pain, maintain competence/improve performance of home maintenance, reduce consequences of pain and increase knowledge how to handle effects of pain.</p>

The overall aim of this thesis was to describe (1) needs for occupational therapy among persons with self-perceived activity limitations and/or participation restrictions due to long-term/recurrent pain, and (2) treatment interventions in occupational therapy to meet demonstrated needs. The Liss’ model for assessing health care needs was used as a structural scheme. A randomly selected sample (n=10,000) from the Swedish general population aged 18-58 years was the foundation for the study population with and without pain. In addition, occupational therapists were included (n=109). Data collection was made by postal questionnaires. The results showed a prevalence of 26 % and an incidence rate of 0.07. Demographic characteristics of the sample were female gender, ages 40-58 years and fewer years of education than those without pain. Pain in shoulders/lower back of searing/aching/gnawing character was the most frequently reported. A majority of the respondents reported affective/emo-tional effects of pain mainly of depressive character and they had previously been on sick leave due to pain. Women reported higher frequencies of self-perceived activity limitations/ participation restrictions due to pain, more difficulties with intermediate ADL, perceived higher job demands and had longer sick leave than men. Men perceived poorer social support than did women. Needs for occupational therapy were reported mainly as a consequence of activity and temporal imbalance. High health care consumers reported higher frequencies of needs/problems than did low health care consumers. The main goals and interventions suggested by occupational therapists to meet the needs in pain management focused on increased knowledge of handling daily occupations with the purpose to reduce pain, maintain competence/improve performance of home maintenance, reduce consequences of pain and increase knowledge how to handle effects of pain.

Inom svensk logopedi används idag olika former av röstbehandling och en av dessa är resonansrörsmetoden, som är en relativt outforskad behandlingsmetod. Föreliggande studie syftar till att utifrån patienternas självskattning utvärdera två typer av röstbehandling; traditionell svensk röstbehandling och resonansrörsmetoden. Patienterna som ingick i studien var diagnostiserade med en funktionell eller funktionellt organisk röststörning och var över 18 år. Innan behandlingen påbörjades slumpades patienterna till endera behandlingsmetod, eller till en grupp som randomiserades efter åtta veckors väntetid. Totala antalet patienter var 19; elva i gruppen som har fått traditionell röstbehandling och åtta i gruppen som har genomgått resonansrörsmetoden. Nio av de 19 patienterna, har även genomgått ett uppföljningsbesök fyra månader efter avslutad behandling. Endast tre patienter ingick i den sent randomiserade gruppen. Utvärderingen av behandlingarna har skett genom användning av självskattningsinstrumenten RHI (Rösthandikappindex) och Swe-VAPP (Swedish Voice Activity and Participation Profile) som patienterna fyllt i före påbörjad behandling och efter avslutad behandling, samt vid uppföljningsbesöket (fyra månader efter avslutad behandling). Den sent randomiserade gruppen fyllde även i de båda självskattningsinstrumenten åtta veckor innan påbörjad behandling. Hela gruppen patienter förbättrades signifikant gällande totalpoäng på RHI och Swe-VAPP, samt uppdelat på de två behandlingsmetoderna. Det framkom vissa skillnader mellan patienternas självskattningar inom subkategorierna på de båda instrumenten, dock påvisar resultaten att ingen av behandlingarna hade bättre effekt än den andra. Patienterna i de båda behandlingsgrupperna upplevde en signifikant förbättring efter behandling, samt att förbättringen kvarstod fyra månader efter avslutad behandling, vilket indikerade på att behandlingarna gett effekt över tid.

Bakgrund: Forskning visar på att barn med funktionsnedsättningar vill delta i alla aktiviteter i skolan men att de inte kan. Detta kan bero på brist på anpassningar och stöd, insatser kopplade till arbetsterapeutens kompetensområden. I många länder är arbetsterapeuter anställda inom skolan men i Sverige är det mindre vanligt att en arbetsterapeut ingår i skolverksamheten.Syfte: Att beskriva hur arbetsterapeuter arbetar med barn med autismspektrumtillstånd i skolan. Metod: Studiedesignen som användes var scoping review. Datainsamlingen skedde genom en litteratursökning med sökord relevanta för syftet, sökningarna gjordes i databaserna AMED, PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Medline och ERIC. Litteratursökningen kompletterades med manuella sökningar i andra studiers referenslistor. Litteratursökningen resulterade i 14 artiklar samt 6 artiklar från de manuella sökningarna, vilket blev totalt 20 artiklar. Resultat: Studien resulterade i två övergripande kategorier; utredningar och interventioner, med sex underkategorier; intervju, observation, interventioner för utmanande beteende, hjälpmedel och träning i att använda hjälpmedel, sensoriska interventioner samt interventioner för sociala färdigheter. Slutsats är att det förekommer många interventioner för barn med autismspektrumtillstånd i skolan som kan bidra till att dessa barn får samma möjligheter att klara av skolan som andra. / Background: Research shows that children with disabilities wants to participate in all activities in school but that they can’t. This may be due to lack of adaptations and support, interventions linked to the occupational therapist's areas of competence. In many countries, occupational therapists are employees of the school, but in Sweden it is less common for an occupational therapist to be included in the school staff. Purpose: To describe how occupational therapists work with children with autism spectrum disorder in school. Method: The study design used was scoping review. The data collection was done through a literature search with keywords relevant to the purpose, the searches were made in the databases AMED, PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Medline and ERIC. The literature search was supplemented with manual searches in other studies reference lists. The literature search resulted in 14 articles and 6 articles from the manual searches, a total of 20 articles were included. Result: The study resulted in two overarching categories; investigations and interventions, with six subcategories; interview, observation, interventions for challenging behavior, aids and training in using assistive devices, interventions for sensory processing and interventions for social skills. Conclusion: there are many interventions for children with autism spectrum in school that can help these children to have the same opportunities to cope with school as others.

<p>The World Health Organisation estimates that the majority of the disabled population resides in the developing world, but most of the research on outcomes of patients originates from the developed world. In the light of the differences in healthcare structures and function, especially rehabilitation between settings and countries, it is imperative to have an understanding of the&nbsp / functioning of patients at discharge with the objective of measuring the level at which outcomes are met. The aim of this study was therefore to determine the process of rehabilitation and the&nbsp / outcome of patients following in-patient rehabilitation at a facility in the Western Cape. A quantitative research design was employed to address the objectives. Self-administered&nbsp / questionnaires were developed to collate information pertaining to the demographic-, socioeconomic- and medical profile of patients and data extraction sheets collected information relating&nbsp / to the process of rehabilitation and the impairment status of patients on admission. With regards to activity and participation, a longitudinal study design was used, which utilised standardised&nbsp / outcomes measures. The sample consisted of all patients with stroke and spinal cord injury admitted within a three-month period, and all ethical principles relating to research on human&nbsp / subjects, as stipulated in the Helsinki Declaration were adhered to during data collection, with ethical clearance obtained from relevant authorities. The SAS and the Microsoft Excel Package&nbsp / 2007 were used to analyse the quantitative data elements. Descriptive statistics using frequencies, percentages, ranges, means, and standard deviations and inferential statistics using&nbsp / chi-square, student T-tests and correlation tests, for determining the predictors of functional outcome, were calculated. There were 175 patients, whereof 82 were patients with stroke and 93&nbsp / with spinal cord injury, with 143 (76 presenting with spinal cord injury and 67 with stroke) meeting the inclusion criteria on admission. The mean age of those with spinal cord injury and stroke&nbsp / was 34.14 and 52.95 years. Most of the patients with spinal cord injuries were single (73.68%), whereas the majority (53.73%) of patients with strokes were married at the time of injury. All&nbsp / patients were managed by the doctor and the nurse, with most of the patients receiving physiotherapy, occupational therapy and social assistance from the social worker. With regards to recreational activities, 46.87% of patients with spinal cord injury and 39.39% of those with stroke attended the learn to swim programme, and 29.68% of patients with spinal cord injury attended the wheelchair basketball sessions. The mean length of hospital stay for patients with spinal cord injury and stroke was 73.11 and 51. 62 days, with most of the spinal cord injured patients&nbsp / (80.26%) and stroke patients (82.08%) discharged home without follow-up rehabilitation. The most prevalent impairments on admission of the spinal cord injury cohort were muscle&nbsp / weakness (75.0%), bladder incontinence (71.1%) and reduced sensation (69.7%), whereas patients with stroke presented mostly with muscle paralysis (80.6%), abnormal tone (76.1%) and aphasia (50.8%). Functional limitations experienced by the participants included, mobility, stair climbing and transfers. The participants experienced participation restrictions in the following&nbsp / domains, leisure activities and employment. A clinical significant improvement was noted in execution of functional task of patients with spinal cord injury (p&lt / 0.0001) and stroke (p&lt / 0.0001)&nbsp / between admission and discharge. A significant statistical change was also detected for the participation elements of both stroke and spinal cord injury cohorts. Functional ability on&nbsp / admission was found to be a predictor of functional outcome of the stroke diagnostic group at discharge, whereas the multiple&nbsp / redictor model of functional outcome of the spinal cord injured cohort at discharge was significant with remaining variables of functional outcome score on admission (p&lt / 0.0001) and bladder -and bowel impairment(s) (p=0.0247). The study findings suggest that despite the significant change in activity and participation, most of the patients were discharged home without further follow-up for rehabilitation, irrespective of the activity&nbsp / limitations and participation restrictions still experienced at the time of discharge. The latter finding&nbsp / questions the duration of the length of hospital stay, which does not allow patients to be independent in all meaningful activities and participatory actions and roles by the end of inpatient rehabilitation. The study findings could assist authorities to adapt the existing rehabilitation&nbsp / programme and referral process . </p>

<p>The World Health Organisation estimates that the majority of the disabled population resides in the developing world, but most of the research on outcomes of patients originates from the developed world. In the light of the differences in healthcare structures and function, especially rehabilitation between settings and countries, it is imperative to have an understanding of the&nbsp / functioning of patients at discharge with the objective of measuring the level at which outcomes are met. The aim of this study was therefore to determine the process of rehabilitation and the&nbsp / outcome of patients following in-patient rehabilitation at a facility in the Western Cape. A quantitative research design was employed to address the objectives. Self-administered&nbsp / questionnaires were developed to collate information pertaining to the demographic-, socioeconomic- and medical profile of patients and data extraction sheets collected information relating&nbsp / to the process of rehabilitation and the impairment status of patients on admission. With regards to activity and participation, a longitudinal study design was used, which utilised standardised&nbsp / outcomes measures. The sample consisted of all patients with stroke and spinal cord injury admitted within a three-month period, and all ethical principles relating to research on human&nbsp / subjects, as stipulated in the Helsinki Declaration were adhered to during data collection, with ethical clearance obtained from relevant authorities. The SAS and the Microsoft Excel Package&nbsp / 2007 were used to analyse the quantitative data elements. Descriptive statistics using frequencies, percentages, ranges, means, and standard deviations and inferential statistics using&nbsp / chi-square, student T-tests and correlation tests, for determining the predictors of functional outcome, were calculated. There were 175 patients, whereof 82 were patients with stroke and 93&nbsp / with spinal cord injury, with 143 (76 presenting with spinal cord injury and 67 with stroke) meeting the inclusion criteria on admission. The mean age of those with spinal cord injury and stroke&nbsp / was 34.14 and 52.95 years. Most of the patients with spinal cord injuries were single (73.68%), whereas the majority (53.73%) of patients with strokes were married at the time of injury. All&nbsp / patients were managed by the doctor and the nurse, with most of the patients receiving physiotherapy, occupational therapy and social assistance from the social worker. With regards to recreational activities, 46.87% of patients with spinal cord injury and 39.39% of those with stroke attended the learn to swim programme, and 29.68% of patients with spinal cord injury attended the wheelchair basketball sessions. The mean length of hospital stay for patients with spinal cord injury and stroke was 73.11 and 51. 62 days, with most of the spinal cord injured patients&nbsp / (80.26%) and stroke patients (82.08%) discharged home without follow-up rehabilitation. The most prevalent impairments on admission of the spinal cord injury cohort were muscle&nbsp / weakness (75.0%), bladder incontinence (71.1%) and reduced sensation (69.7%), whereas patients with stroke presented mostly with muscle paralysis (80.6%), abnormal tone (76.1%) and aphasia (50.8%). Functional limitations experienced by the participants included, mobility, stair climbing and transfers. The participants experienced participation restrictions in the following&nbsp / domains, leisure activities and employment. A clinical significant improvement was noted in execution of functional task of patients with spinal cord injury (p&lt / 0.0001) and stroke (p&lt / 0.0001)&nbsp / between admission and discharge. A significant statistical change was also detected for the participation elements of both stroke and spinal cord injury cohorts. Functional ability on&nbsp / admission was found to be a predictor of functional outcome of the stroke diagnostic group at discharge, whereas the multiple&nbsp / redictor model of functional outcome of the spinal cord injured cohort at discharge was significant with remaining variables of functional outcome score on admission (p&lt / 0.0001) and bladder -and bowel impairment(s) (p=0.0247). The study findings suggest that despite the significant change in activity and participation, most of the patients were discharged home without further follow-up for rehabilitation, irrespective of the activity&nbsp / limitations and participation restrictions still experienced at the time of discharge. The latter finding&nbsp / questions the duration of the length of hospital stay, which does not allow patients to be independent in all meaningful activities and participatory actions and roles by the end of inpatient rehabilitation. The study findings could assist authorities to adapt the existing rehabilitation&nbsp / programme and referral process . </p>

No description available.