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Development and validation of a hybrid measure of organisational communication satisfactionAmanuel Gebru Woldearegay, Woldearegay, Amanuel Gebru 06 1900 (has links)
The purpose of the study was to identify and transform, as necessary, constructs
of communication satisfaction and to develop a hybrid quantitative audit of
organisational communication satisfaction for collectivist contexts that is both
reliable and valid, using Amos Graphics for structural equation modelling. The
objective was also to develop a full latent variable model and to test its fitness to
the data collected from a random sample of civil servants across Addis Ababa’s
civil service bureaus.
The study comprised three sequential parts, namely pilot, exploratory factor
analysis (EFA) (Main Study One) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) (Main
Study Two). These were used as per the existing framework in instrument
development and validation. The pilot study indicated the need for more robust
data. After a series of tests, principal factor axis factoring with oblique rotation
was used as the most appropriate for perceptual data, out of several options on
the EFA menu. The initially hypothesised six-factor solution with the dimensions
of horizontal communication, personal feedback, supervisory communication,
communication climate, relational trust and job satisfaction was found to be unfit
for the data on conceptual and statistical grounds and psychometric analyses
which involved the use of eigenvalues and the scree plot.
A more appropriate two-factor solution based on the more precise parallel
analysis strategy was consistent with current research that communication
satisfaction is best conceptualised in terms of informational and relational
domains as operationalised using the EFA procedure. The two-factor solution led
to the formation of a 17-item scale out of the original 30-item measure, with two
latent dimensions namely relational satisfaction and informational satisfaction.
The items of the new EFA-generated organisational communication satisfaction
scale were renumbered consecutively and the scale was cross-validated on a
xiv
new sample of 288 civil servants from the Addis Ababa City Administration. The
cross-validation necessitated model respecification and re-estimation.
The respecified model underwent validation at different levels. All seven aspects
of validity, namely content validity, construct validity, factorial validity, reliability,
convergent validity, discriminant validity and nomological validity, were
addressed and found to be adequate. However limitations are also indicated as
avenues for further enquiry. / Communication Science / D. Litt. et Phil. (Communication)
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Best practice guidelines to monitor and prevent morbidity and mortality related to gestational diabetes mellitus in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia / Dintlhakaelo tsa tiriso e e gaisang ya go tlhokomela le go thibela ditshwaetsego tsa bomme le dintsho tse di golaganeng le bolwetsi jwa sukiri (diabetis mellitus) jwa baimana kwa Addis Ababa, EthiopiaGetahun Sinetsehay Alemayehu 08 1900 (has links)
Text in English with abstracts and keywords in English and Setswana / Aim: The purpose of the research was to determine the magnitude and factors associated
with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and to explore the experiences of
gynaecologists/obstetricians and midwives in the monitoring and prevention of GDM- related
adverse maternal outcomes in order to propose best practice guidelines which may be
implemented to overcome the problem.
Methods: A concurrent mixed methods design was used. Participants for the quantitative
study were selected using systematic random sampling, with purposive sampling being used
for the qualitative part of the study. A total of 2000 medical records were reviewed using a
checklist, in addition to which 7 gynaecologists/obstetricians and 12 midwives were
interviewed using an in-depth interview guide. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used
for the quantitative part, while Colaizzi’s manual qualitative data analysis method wasused
for the qualitative part of the study.
Findings: The magnitude of GDM was found to be 2.2%. Age and family history of diabetes
mellitus were found to be factors associated with GDM (at p < 0.001). Other factors such as
obesity, previous GDM, previous history of fetal macrosomia and multiple gestations were
identified by respondents as factors related with GDM. In addition, the study explored the
experiences of health professionals (HPs) in the monitoring and prevention of adverse maternal outcomes related to GDM, with the results showing some differences in screening
and diagnostic techniques. It was also shown that lifestyle modification (physical exercise,
diet management) and medication were utilised for managing women with GDM. In this
regard, all the HPs agreed that creating awareness is the best intervention for preventing
GDM as well as its adverse maternal outcomes.
Conclusions: The magnitude of GDM is increasing, and much needs to be done to draw
attention to the burden that GDM places on the health of pregnant women and the public.
Since GDM is not considered a public health problem, little is being done to monitor the
condition and its adverse maternal outcomes. It is hoped that the best practice guidelines
developed from this research study may assist in reducing the adverse maternal outcomes
of GDM in Ethiopia / Maikaelelo: Lebaka la patlisiso e ne e le go tlhotlhomisa go nna teng le mabaka a a
golaganeng le bolwetsi jwa sukiri jwa baimana (GDM), le go tlhotlhomisa maitemogelo a
dingaka tsa malwetsi a basadi (gynaeologists/ obstetricians) le babelegisi mo go
tlhokomeleng le go thibeleng ditlamorago tse di maswe mo baimaneng tse di amanang le
GDM gore go tshitshinngwe dintlhakaelo tse di gaisang tse di ka diragadiwang go fenya
bothata.
Mekgwa: Go dirisitswe thadiso ya mekgwa e e tlhakantsweng. Banni-le-seabe ba
thutopatlisiso e e lebelelang dipalopalo ba ne ba tlhophiwa go diriswa go tlhopha sampole
ka go se latele thulaganyo, mme go tlhopha sampole ka maikaelelo go ne ga diriswa mo
karolong ya thutopatlisiso e e lebelelang mabaka. Go sekasekilwe palogotlhe ya direkoto tsa
kalafi tse 2 000 go diriswa lenanetshekatsheko, mme mo godimo ga moo, go ne ga nna le
dipotsolotso le dingaka tsa malwetsi a basadi di le supa le babelegisi ba le 12 go diriswa
kaedi ya dipotsolotso tse di tseneletseng. Dipalopalo tse di tlhalosang le tse go sweditsweng
ka tsona di ne tsa diriswa mo karolong ya dipalopalo ya thutopatlisiso, fa go dirisitswe
mokgwa wa ga Colaizi wa tokololo ya data ya mabaka mo karolong e e lebelelang mabaka.
Diphitlhelelo: Go nna teng ga GDM go ne ga fitlhelwa e le 2.2%. Dingwaga le hisetori ya bolwetsi jwa sukiri ya baimana mo lelapeng di fitlhetswe e le dintlha tse di golaganeng le
GDM (ka p < 0.001). Dintlha dingwe, jaaka go nona phetelela, GDM mo nakong e e fetileng,
go nna teng ga macrosomia ya masea mo nakong e e fetileng le boimana jwa masea a feta
bongwe di ne tsa supiwa ke batsibogi jaaka dintlha tse di golaganeng le GDM. Go tlaleletsa
foo, thuto e ne ya sekaseka maitemogelo a baporofešenale ba boitekanelo (HPs) mo
tlhokomelong le thibelo ya ditlamorago tse di sa siamang mo baimaneng tse di golaganeng
le GDM, mme dipholo di bontshitse dipharologano dingwe mo dithekeniking tsa
go sekirina le go phekola. Go bonagetse gape gore phetolo ya mokgwa wa botshelo
(katiso ya mmele, tsamaiso ya mokgwa wa go ja) le kalafi di ne tsa diriswa go laola bolwetsi
jwa basadi ba ba nang le GDM. Mo lebakeng le, baporofešenale botlhe ba boitekanelo ba
ne ba dumelana gore go dira temoso ke tsereganyo e e gaisang ya go thibela GDM ga
mmogo le ditlamorago tsa yona tse di sa siamang mo baimaneng.
Ditshwetso: Go nna teng ga GDM go a oketsega, mme go tshwanetse go dirwa go le gontsi
go lemosa ka mokgweleo o bolwetse jono bo o bayang mo boitekanelong jwa baimana le
setšhaba. Ka ntlha ya gore GDM ga e kaiwe jaaka bothata jwa boitekanelo jwa setšhaba,
ga go dirwe go le kalo go tlhokomela bolwetsi le ditlamorago tsa jona tse di sa siamang mo
baimaneng. Go solofelwa gore dintlhakaelo tsa tiriso e e gaisang tse di dirilweng mo
thutopatlisisong eno di ka thusa go fokotsa ditlamorago tse di sa siamang tsa GDM mo
baimaneng kwa Ethiopia. / Health Studies / D. Litt. et Phil. (Public Health)
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Job satisfaction of secondary school teachers in EthiopiaGedefaw Kassie Mengistu 11 1900 (has links)
Much research has been done on the job satisfaction of secondary school teachers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The aim of this research was to investigate factors that influence the job satisfaction of these teachers. A literature review of theories on job satisfaction was undertaken. In the empirical investigation, a mixed-methods sequential explanatory design was used. In the quantitative phase, the data collection was done by means of a self-constructed structured questionnaire that focused on four work factors that were identified during the literature review, namely salary and benefits, management, work characteristics, and interpersonal relationships. The stratified, random sample consisted of 300 secondary school teachers in Addis Ababa. The data were statistically analysed using the Statistical package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) computer software programme, and the results were appropriately interpreted. In the second, namely the qualitative phase, interviews were conducted with a sample of 10 teachers who were purposefully selected from a larger sample. The data were analysed by using the constant comparative method. The results make a significant contribution to new knowledge and understanding of current issues relating to the job satisfaction of teachers in selected secondary schools in Addis Ababa. The results indicated that the teachers were significantly dissatisfied with most aspects of their work. Salary and benefits emerged as the primary dissatisfying aspect of all the work factors. Other areas of dissatisfaction related to poor fringe benefits and opportunities for promotion, the management style of the principals, the lack of decision-making opportunities for the teachers, as well as the opportunity to develop personally, and the poor relationships teachers have with the principals and the parents. The data also indicated that teachers who were 50 years and older, were significantly more satisfied with their work than the younger teachers. Accordingly, teachers with 21 years and more experience were also significantly more satisfied with their work than the less experienced teachers. In addition, all four of the identified factors were found to have statistically significant correlations with job satisfaction. Qualitative data confirmed the quantitative results. Finally, recommendations were made in order to enhance the job satisfaction of secondary school teachers in Addis Ababa, and for further research. / Psychology of Education / D. Ed. (Psychology of Education)
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Job satisfaction of secondary school teachers in EthiopiaGedefaw Kassie Mengistu 11 1900 (has links)
Much research has been done on the job satisfaction of secondary school teachers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The aim of this research was to investigate factors that influence the job satisfaction of these teachers. A literature review of theories on job satisfaction was undertaken. In the empirical investigation, a mixed-methods sequential explanatory design was used. In the quantitative phase, the data collection was done by means of a self-constructed structured questionnaire that focused on four work factors that were identified during the literature review, namely salary and benefits, management, work characteristics, and interpersonal relationships. The stratified, random sample consisted of 300 secondary school teachers in Addis Ababa. The data were statistically analysed using the Statistical package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) computer software programme, and the results were appropriately interpreted. In the second, namely the qualitative phase, interviews were conducted with a sample of 10 teachers who were purposefully selected from a larger sample. The data were analysed by using the constant comparative method. The results make a significant contribution to new knowledge and understanding of current issues relating to the job satisfaction of teachers in selected secondary schools in Addis Ababa. The results indicated that the teachers were significantly dissatisfied with most aspects of their work. Salary and benefits emerged as the primary dissatisfying aspect of all the work factors. Other areas of dissatisfaction related to poor fringe benefits and opportunities for promotion, the management style of the principals, the lack of decision-making opportunities for the teachers, as well as the opportunity to develop personally, and the poor relationships teachers have with the principals and the parents. The data also indicated that teachers who were 50 years and older, were significantly more satisfied with their work than the younger teachers. Accordingly, teachers with 21 years and more experience were also significantly more satisfied with their work than the less experienced teachers. In addition, all four of the identified factors were found to have statistically significant correlations with job satisfaction. Qualitative data confirmed the quantitative results. Finally, recommendations were made in order to enhance the job satisfaction of secondary school teachers in Addis Ababa, and for further research. / Psychology of Education / D. Ed. (Psychology of Education)
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Software risk management practice in EthiopiaMihret Abeselom Teklemariam 28 February 2016 (has links)
In a country like Ethiopia, where information and communication systems are in the early stage of development, software projects may face several challenges. Projects may suffer from schedule or budget overrun or unmet specifications, leading to failure.
Risk is one of the factors that challenges project performance, and even causes failure. Hence, risk management helps project managers to control the effect of risks. However, risk management appears to be the least practiced component of project management.
This study aims at assessing the risk management practice in the Ethiopian software projects.
This study was undertaken using a survey conducted on 45 banks, insurance companies and UN agency offices in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The findings of the study suggest that formal risk management is not widely practiced in Ethiopian software projects. Only 16% of organisations reported that they applied one or more documented formal risk management techniques. Overall, 67% of organisations were found to exercise one or more risk management process steps. Though the risk
management practice was found to be reasonably high, the proportion of organisations that carry out all the risk management process phases, through formal or informal methods, was only 27%, showing that risk management practice in Ethiopia cannot be considered adequate. The study thus recommends that Ethiopian software project managers should give more emphasis for risk management in their project management.
The risk items that Ethiopian software projects face most were found to be technical complexity risks, with the highest risk item being use of new technology. This may be an indication that project managers should give adequate attention to the risks arising from technical complexity. No statistically significant relationship was observed between formal risk management and project success, and also between risk management practice and project success. / College of Engineering, Science and Technology / M.Sc. (Computing)
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Evaluation of Adaptive Traffic Signal Control Using Traffic Simulation : A case study in Addis Ababa, EthiopiaFkadu Kebede, Aregay January 2020 (has links)
One of the most significant urban transport problems is traffic congestion. All major cities both in developed and developing countries are facing the problem due to increasing travel demand caused by increasing urbanization and the attendant economic and population growth. Recognizing the growing burden of traffic congestion, community leaders and transportation planners in Addis Ababa are still actively promoting large-scale road constructions to alleviate traffic congestion. Although Intelligent Transportation Systems(ITS) applications seem to have the potential to improve signalization performance, highly congested intersections in Addis Ababa are still controlled by a timed signal and manual operation. Moreover, these pre-timed signal controls are functioning sub-optimally as they are not being regularly monitored and updated to cope with varying traffic demands. Even though the benefits are well known theoretically, at the time of writing of this thesis, Adaptive Traffic Signal Controllers (ATSC) haven’t been deployed in Ethiopia and no research has been conducted to demonstrate and quantify their effectiveness. This master’s research thesis, therefore, intends to fill the identified gap, by undertaking a microscopic traffic simulation investigation, to evaluate the benefits of adopting a Traffic-responsive Urban Control (TUC) strategy and optimizing traffic signal timings. For the purpose of this study, an oversaturated three-intersection test corridor located in the heart of Addis Ababa city is modeled in VISSIM using real-world traffic data. After validating the calibrated model, the corridor was evaluated with the existing pre-timed, TRANSYT optimized pre-timed plan and TUC strategy. Multiple simulation runs were then made for each scenario alternatives and various measures of effectiveness were considered in the evaluation process. Simulation evaluation has demonstrated an average delay reduction of 24.17% when the existing pre-timed alternative is compared to TRANSYT optimized plan and 35% when compared to the TUC strategy. Overall evaluation results indicate that deploying the TUC strategy and optimizing the aging pre-timed signal plans exhibits a significant flow improvement. It is expected that the result of the thesis work will be an input for future comprehensive policy development processes.
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Personal factors influencing patients' anti-retroviral treatment adherence in Addis Ababa, EthiopiaTefera Girma Negash 11 1900 (has links)
This study attempted to identify personal (patient-related) factors influencing anti-retroviral therapy (ART) adherence in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. A quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional and analytical design was used. Structured interviews were conducted with 355 ART patients.
The findings revealed that stigma, discrimination, depression and alcohol use negatively affected patients’ ART adherence levels. However, patients’ knowledge levels had no influence on their ART adherence levels, contrary to other researchers’ reports.
Addressing stigma and discrimination at community levels might enhance patients’ abilities to take their medications in the presence of others. Healthcare professionals should be enabled to diagnose and treat depression among ART patients during the early stages. Non-adherent ART patients should be counseled about possible alcohol abuse. / Health Studies / M.A. (Public Health with specialisation in Medical Informatics)
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Performance evaluation of pilot-scale constructed wetlands for the treatment of domestic wastewater in Addis Ababa, EthiopiaBelachew, Mengesha Dagne 06 1900 (has links)
An experimental study was carried out to evaluate the performance of pilot scale constructed wetlands for
the treatment of domestic wastewater in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Three parallel sets of constructed
wetlands; consisting of one Horizontal Flow (HF), one Vertical Flow (VF) and one hybrid of HF and VFconstructed
in series were built in Addis Ababa. The wetland systems had identical wetland fill media and
macrophytes but with different wastewater flow types. The total surface area of the wetland systems was
72 m2 /24 m2 for each/ and designed to treat 3.15 m3 of domestic wastewater per day. Triplicate grab
samples were taken from the influent and effluents every 15 days for one year and analyzed within 24
hours. Temperature, pH, DO and EC were measured onsite and the nutrient content of macrophytes was
determined twice during the monitoring period.
During the first 12 months monitoring period, the average removal efficiencies of the HFCW, VFCW and
hybrid CW were: BOD (89.1%, 92.2% and 93.4%), COD (80.6%, 82.1% and 84.0%), TSS (89.1, 83.8%
and 84.7%), NH4
+ (58.6%, 66.2% and 65.4%), NO3
- (64.0%, 71.5% and 73.5%), TN (49.1%, 54.9% and
58.7%), PO4
3- (45.4%, 50.3% and 48.4%), TP (58.0%, 51.7% and 54.4%) and FC (98.6%, 96.6% and
96.5%), respectively. The hybrid system showed relatively higher removal efficiencies for most
pollutants. Again, the wetland systems showed relatively higher percent reduction during the dry seasons
/from Dec - May/. The areal removal rate constants of BOD5, TN, PO4
3- and TP were higher than the
literature values while the values of COD and TSS were lower compared to the literature values.
Concerning the nutrient content of the wetland plant, the average TN contents of the below-ground and
above-ground plant part were 1.56% and 2.27% for the HFCW, 1.75% and 2.74% for the VFCW and
1.80% and 2.63% for the hybrid system, respectively. Meanwhile, the average TP contents of the belowground
and above-ground plant part were 0.139% and 0.064% for the HFCW, 0.167% and 0.067% for the
VFCW and 0.115% and 0.065% for the hybrid systems, respectively.
In general, the results showed that properly designed constructed wetland systems could be used as
effective wastewater treatment method in Ethiopia. / Environmental Sciences / Ph. D. (Environmental Sciences)
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Personal factors influencing patients' anti-retroviral treatment adherence in Addis Ababa, EthiopiaTefera Girma Negash 11 1900 (has links)
This study attempted to identify personal (patient-related) factors influencing anti-retroviral therapy (ART) adherence in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. A quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional and analytical design was used. Structured interviews were conducted with 355 ART patients.
The findings revealed that stigma, discrimination, depression and alcohol use negatively affected patients’ ART adherence levels. However, patients’ knowledge levels had no influence on their ART adherence levels, contrary to other researchers’ reports.
Addressing stigma and discrimination at community levels might enhance patients’ abilities to take their medications in the presence of others. Healthcare professionals should be enabled to diagnose and treat depression among ART patients during the early stages. Non-adherent ART patients should be counseled about possible alcohol abuse. / Health Studies / M.A. (Public Health with specialisation in Medical Informatics)
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Situation analysis of perceptions on comprehensiveness of rape prevention interventions by implementing agencies in Addis AbabaDifabachew Setegn Hailegeorgis 02 1900 (has links)
Abstract in English, Xhosa and Afrikaans / The victimization of women and children represents one of the public health problems deserving urgent attention in Ethiopia, making the prevention of rape in all its forms a matter of vital importance.
The purpose of the study was mainly to describe the extent of rape prevention interventions in Addis Ababa and examine efforts to assist rape survivors based on the perceptions of professionals working for organizations operating in this context. The study had a further purpose of identifying difficulties faced by government institutions and making suitable recommendations for the improvement of rape prevention interventions and programs in the future.
A qualitative descriptive research approach was adopted mainly involving in-depth interviews for primary data collection. The study involved 14 research participants purposively selected from five government institutions.
The study findings indicated Gandhi Memorial Hospital to be the only institution in Ethiopia implementing an integrated rape prevention intervention. Efforts were directed largely at secondary prevention, with little attention being paid to primary prevention. Recommendations included tackling the multiple factors influencing rape at different levels of the social-ecological model simultaneously through the implementation, strengthening, and intensification of well-designed, comprehensive rape prevention interventions and programs. / Ukuxhatshazwa kwabafazi nabantwana e-Ethiopia kufana nenye yeengxaki zempilo kwaye kudinga ukuthathelwa ingqalelo ngokungxamisekileyo. Oku kwenza ukuba ukuthintela ukudlwengulwa ngazo zonke iindlela kube ngumbandela obaluleke kakhulu.
Injongo yesi sifundo ibikukucacisa iindlela zokuthintela ukudlwengulwa eAddis Ababa, nokuvavanya imizamo yokunceda abo bakhe badlwengulwa, ngokokubona kwabo basebenzela amaqumrhu aququzelela lo msebenzi. Enye injongo yesi sifundo ibikukuchonga ubunzima obufunyanwa ngamaziko aseburhulumenteni ajongene neli candelo ukuze kunikwe iingcebiso zokuphucula amacebo neenkqubo zokuthintela ukudlwengulwa.
Kuqhutywe uhlobo lophando lomgangatho nolucacisayo, apho kuqokelelwe iinkcukacha zolwazi ngokwenza udliwano ndlebe olunzulu. Kusetyenzwe nabathathi nxaxheba abali-14 abakhethwe ngobuchule kumaziko aseburhulumenteni ama-5.
Okufunyaniswe sesi sifundo kubonakalise ukuba isibhedlele esiyiGandhi Memorial siso sodwa esinenkqubo elungelelaniswe kakuhle yokuthintela ukudlwengulwa. Imigudu yokhukhusela ijoliswe ekuncedeni kwiziqhamo zodlwengulo nasekufundiseni ngodlwengulo (secondary prevention) hayi kudlwengulo ngqo (primary prevention). Amacebiso esifundo aquka ukulwa neemeko eziphembelela udlwengulo olwenzeka kumazinga ahlukeneyo oluntu, ngaxeshanye nokuqinisa ukusetyenziswa kweenkqubo eziqulunqwe kakuhle zokuthintela udlwengulo. / Die viktimisering van vroue en kinders is een van talle kwessies in die openbare gesondheid van Ethiopië wat dringend aandag vereis, aangesien die voorkoming van verkragting in enige vorm van die allergrootste belang is.
Die doel van hierdie studie was om die omvang te bepaal van intervensies om verkragting in Addis Abeba te voorkom, en om die hulp wat aan verkragtingslagoffers verleen word, te ondersoek op grond van die belewenisse van beroepslui wat in hierdie verband vir organisasies werk. Hierdie studie het dit verder ten doel gehad om die probleme aan te toon waarmee staatsinstellings in hierdie opsig te kampe het, en om beter intervensies en programme vir die voorkoming van verkragting aan te beveel.
ʼn Kwalitatiewe en deskriptiewe navorsingsbenadering is gevolg. Dit het omvattende onderhoude behels waartydens primêre data versamel is. Altesame 14 deelnemers by vyf staatsinstellings is vir hierdie doel gekies.
Volgens die bevindings is die Gandhi Gedenkhospitaal die enigste instelling in Ethiopië wat ʼn geïntegreerde program vir die voorkoming van verkragting ingestel het. Sekondêre voorkoming geniet voorrang, terwyl primêre voorkoming min aandag geniet. Daar word aanbeveel dat tegelykertyd werk gemaak word van die veelvuldige faktore wat verkragting op verskillende vlakke van die sosiaal-ekologiese model beïnvloed. Dit moet gedoen word deur deeglik ontwerpte, omvattende intervensies en programme om verkragting te voorkom in werking te stel, uit te bou en te verskerp. / Sociology / M.A. (Sociology)
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