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Sanguinolaria rostrata is a deep site-burrowing bivalve commonly found in the southwest coastal waters of Taiwan. It has a long siphon extending to the surface. It is reported that exposed S. rostrata dies in few days without silt. However trussing it up rubber bands or cut off the hinge, it can survive for over one month in the laboratory. In this study the relation of shell closing and mortality for S. rostrata were examined and compared with the hard clam Meretrix lusoria in the similar environments. The size of adductor muscle and its ratio to the shell size, the strength of shell closing and the tissue structure of adductor muscle were examined. The quantities of fructose 2,6- biphosphate, an intermediate of glycolysis, in the adductor muscle of S. rostrata were determined. The results indicated that the average strength of closing shell for S. rostrata was 36.65% and for M. lusoria was 41.19%. The trends of tropic shell closing strength and the size of adductor muscle as well as shell closing strength and the adductor muscle wet weight were the same for the two species. The ranges of strength for muscle closing among S. rostrata of different sizes were smaller than those of M. lusoria. The average ratio of the adductor muscle microfiber to muscle was 55.6¢Mfor S. rostrata and 83.2¢M for M. lusoria. Therefore, the adductor muscle of S. rostrata is looser to M. lusoria. The concentration of fructose 2,6- biphosphate fluctuated widely to the unclamped S. rostrata in the first 6 hours and the concentration reached 7.58£gmole/mg at most. The concentration did not rise between 6 and 24 hours, indicating that unclamped S. rostrata consumed energy within the first 6 hours, then showed no sign of consuming energy.

<p>I detta projekt undersöker vi om man kan bygga en maskinaktivitetssensor med</p><p>hjälp av en enkretsdator som genom en accelerometer mäter en maskins</p><p>vibrationer. Sensorn skall generera en statussignal. Accelerometern ger en</p><p>mätbar signal baserad på maskinens vibrationer. Enkretsdatorn används för att</p><p>sampla, transformera och analysera signalen och generera statusinformation.</p><p>Med LabView kan vi spara, studera och analysera olika signaler och olika</p><p>transformer. Vi studerar maskinvibrationer i LabView och beslutar att 5 kHz</p><p>sampling räcker för att fånga intressanta vibrationer. Vi jämför transformers</p><p>egenskaper och beräkningskrav och väljer Fouriertransform som analysmetod.</p><p>Vi beräknar att en Atmel ARM SAM7S256 kan utföra uppgiften och</p><p>implementerar interruptbaserad signalsampling, frekvensanalys och en</p><p>beslutsrutin som resulterar i en utsignal med statusinformation.</p> / <p>In this project we examine the possibility to create a machine activity sensor by</p><p>a one-chip computer that measures a machines vibrations through an</p><p>accelerometer. The sensor shall generate a status signal. The accelerometer is</p><p>used to give a measurable signal of a machines vibrations. The one-chip</p><p>computer is used to sampel, transform and analyze this signal and generate a</p><p>status signal. With LabView we can save, study and analyze different signals</p><p>and their different transforms. By studying machine vibrations in LabView we</p><p>decide that sampling at 5 kHz is sufficient. By comparing different</p><p>transformations in regards to performance and calculation needs we choose</p><p>Fast Fourier Transform as analyzing tool. We calculate that a ARM</p><p>SAM7S256 can manage the task and implement an interrupt based sampling,</p><p>frequency analysis and decision making routine which results in a status signal.</p>

I detta projekt undersöker vi om man kan bygga en maskinaktivitetssensor med hjälp av en enkretsdator som genom en accelerometer mäter en maskins vibrationer. Sensorn skall generera en statussignal. Accelerometern ger en mätbar signal baserad på maskinens vibrationer. Enkretsdatorn används för att sampla, transformera och analysera signalen och generera statusinformation. Med LabView kan vi spara, studera och analysera olika signaler och olika transformer. Vi studerar maskinvibrationer i LabView och beslutar att 5 kHz sampling räcker för att fånga intressanta vibrationer. Vi jämför transformers egenskaper och beräkningskrav och väljer Fouriertransform som analysmetod. Vi beräknar att en Atmel ARM SAM7S256 kan utföra uppgiften och implementerar interruptbaserad signalsampling, frekvensanalys och en beslutsrutin som resulterar i en utsignal med statusinformation. / In this project we examine the possibility to create a machine activity sensor by a one-chip computer that measures a machines vibrations through an accelerometer. The sensor shall generate a status signal. The accelerometer is used to give a measurable signal of a machines vibrations. The one-chip computer is used to sampel, transform and analyze this signal and generate a status signal. With LabView we can save, study and analyze different signals and their different transforms. By studying machine vibrations in LabView we decide that sampling at 5 kHz is sufficient. By comparing different transformations in regards to performance and calculation needs we choose Fast Fourier Transform as analyzing tool. We calculate that a ARM SAM7S256 can manage the task and implement an interrupt based sampling, frequency analysis and decision making routine which results in a status signal.

The purpose of this study was to determine if speech language pathologists could reliably identify different perceptual variants of adductor spasmodic dysphonia (ADSD) using a classification system proposed by Bastian (2009). Audio samples of sustained vowel phonation, sentence production, passage reading, and conversation were pre-recorded from 16 patients with a primary diagnosis of spasmodic dysphonia. Four speech language pathologists specializing in voice disorders listened to the audio samples and identified the ADSD variant, the presence of co-occurring tremor, and overall severity of the voice disorder. Re-rating of half of the audio samples was conducted two weeks later. Inter-judge reliability for the diagnosis of ADSD variants was fair (©§ = 0.25). All four judges agreed on variant 19% (3/16) of the time, three judges agreed 62% (10/16) of the time, and two judges 19% (3/16) of the time. Inter-judge reliability agreement for identifying co-occurring tremor was fair (©§ = 0.35). All four judges agreed on the presence of co-occurring tremor 44% (7/16) of the time. Three judges agreed 50% (8/16) of the time. Inter-judge reliability for assessing overall severity was moderate (©§ = 0.41). Four judges agreed on overall severity 38% (6/16) of the time. Three judges agreed 19% (3/16) of the time. Two judges agreed 38% (6/16) of the time. Judges disagreed on overall severity 6% of the time (1/16). Further analysis revealed three sources of diagnostic discrepancies: 1) the co-occurrence of multiple perceptual characteristics that correspond to multiple variants, 2) the ambiguity in identifying co-occurring tremor, 3) misidentification of perceptually similar characteristics. Relevant spectrographic evidence was presented. Clustering and categorizing perceptual characteristics were proposed as a more reasonable approach to capture perceptual variation of ADSD to optimize clinical diagnosis and acoustic research.

Increases in seawater temperatures have imposed physiological constraints which are partially thought to contribute to recently observed shifts in biogeographic distribution among closely related intertidal ectotherms. For instance, Mytilus galloprovincialis an introduced warm-adapted species from the Mediterranean, has displaced the native cold-adapted congener, M. trossulus, over large latitudinal expanses off the California coast. Several comparative physiological studies have revealed interspecific differences in thermal tolerance, including variation in aerobic metabolism and gape behavior, which suggest the invasive congener is better adapted to acclimate to increasing seawater conditions as predicted due to climate change. However, current analyses seek to discover the cellular process which contribute to thermal plasticity at the level of the whole organism in response to temperature stress. Since proteins represent the primary molecular machinery capable of responding to thermal stress, we quantified the proteomic response of the adductor muscles (AM) of M. galloprovincialis and M. trossulus to acute heat stress. After acclimation to 13°C, we exposed mussels to 24°C, 28°C and 32 °C (at a heating rate of 6C/h), kept mussels at the temperature for 1 h and then added a 24-h recovery period. Posterior adductor muscle samples were then excised and utilized for proteomic analysis. We were able to detect 273 protein spots within M. galloprovincialis and 286 protein spots within M. trossulus. Roughly 33% of these protein spots exhibited significant changes in abundance in response to heat stress within M. trossulus as compared to only 19% in M. galloprovincialis. In both data sets, most proteins changing abundance are part of the cytoskeleton or proteins controlling actin thin filament dynamics and stress fiber formation. Specifically, M. galloprovincialis increased the abundance of proteins involved in thin filament stabilization and cytoskeletal maintenance. In contrast, M. trossulus increased proteins involved in thin filament destabilization and filament turnover. In addition, only M. trossulus increased proteins involved in the cellular stress response at the highest temperature, suggesting its AM proteome is more thermolabile. In return, our results suggest that cytoskeletal architecture is more thermally stable in M. galloprovincialis. The differences in the proteomic responses suggest that M. galloprovincialis is capable of protecting itself from heat stress through valve closure at a higher temperature due to the increase in actin stabilizing proteins.

Sensory input from the laryngeal mucosa is vital for triggering protective airway reflexes. The laryngeal adductor reflex (LAR) is a brief vocal fold adductor reflex in response to stimulation of the laryngeal mucosa. Depressed LAR may lead to aspiration of foreign substances into the airway. Loss of laryngeal sensation has thus been considered as one of the risk factors associated with aspiration and airway complications in patients with dysphagia. Laryngeal sensation can be endoscopically tested by lightly and briefly touching a patient’s arytenoids or epiglottis with the tip of a flexible laryngoscope (the touch method). In a preliminary study, we endoscopically investigated the laryngeal sensation and swallowing ability of healthy adults and patients with dysphagia. The results indicated an association between sensory deficits as determined by the touch method and penetration/aspiration of trial boluses in both healthy adults and patients with dysphagia. However, the pressure applied to the larynx using this touch method might not be consistent, and the expected responses elicited by this method were uncertain. Study 1 of this dissertation investigated the variability in the pressure delivered by clinicians using the touch method. The study also reported on the types of various subject responses to the touches. The results revealed that there was a wide range of pressure levels exerted by examiners. This suggested the need for further research to establish the validity of this diagnostic tool. The study also showed that the LAR always occurred in response to touch in normal volunteers, suggesting that this technique may be quite sensitive at detecting sensory deficits in a person who does not exhibit an LAR in response to touch. Study 2 examined hospitalized patients with symptoms of dysphagia. The question of interest was whether an absent LAR in response to touch was associated with aspiration or pneumonia. No significant association was found between absent LAR and aspiration of food or liquid; however, a significant association was observed between absent LAR and the occurrence of pneumonia. The study indicated that the touch method has potential for predicting pneumonia in patients with swallowing problems. / 2017-11-07T00:00:00Z

Foi procurado se analisar os efetivos impactos econÃmicos e sociais de obras hÃdricas apÃs a sua implantaÃÃo. As obras estudadas foram as adutoras de Cascavel e de Trici-TauÃ, ambas com inÃcio de funcionamento entre 1999 e 2000. O alvo ex-post observado referencia ao quinto ano de funcionamento do sistema adutor. Foram utilizados como balizadores dos impactos sociais o ranking obtido no Ãndice de Desenvolvimento Municipal (IDM), no Ãndice de Desenvolvimento Humano (IDH) e nos Ãndices de Desenvolvimento Social de Oferta (IDS-O) e, de Resultado (IDS-R). Utilizou-se como correÃÃes e anÃlise de ganhos econÃmicos o Ãndice Nacional de Custos da ConstruÃÃo (INCC) E O Ãndice Geral de PreÃos de Mercado (IGPM). AlÃm da aplicaÃÃo destes Ãndices nos municÃpios contemplados com um sistema adutor para abastecimento humano, tambÃm foram utilizados os dados de desenvolvimento de municÃpios em situaÃÃes similares Ãs de Tauà e Cascavel, mas que nÃo foram beneficiadas por um sistema adutor do tipo estudado, sÃo eles: os municÃpios de AcaraÃ, de QuiterianÃpolis e de Boa Viagem. Feito uma nova estimativa da populaÃÃo beneficiada no final da vida Ãtil das adutoras, equivalente a 20 anos, chegou-se a conclusÃo que em Cascavel a mesma à equivalente ao proposto pelo projeto, apresentando uma diferenÃa menor que 0,50%, jà no caso de Trici-Tauà a populaÃÃo encontrada à inferior a de projeto em 29,50%. Concluiu-se que houvera ganhos econÃmicos nos custos de construÃÃo das adutoras em conseqÃÃncia da troca da tubulaÃÃo de ferro fundido por tubulaÃÃo de PVC reforÃado, material de custo inferior. TambÃm foi encontrado ganho econÃmico para o Estado no comparativo entre os gastos do Sistema Ãnico da SaÃde (SUS) com o tratamento de doenÃas entero infecciosas, transmitidas basicamente pela Ãgua nÃo tratada, antes e depois da implantaÃÃo da adutora. O grau de desenvolvimento econÃmico foi mais visÃvel no municÃpio de Cascavel enquanto que em Tauà os ganhos sociais ficaram mais evidentes. / This study seeks to analyze the actual social and economic impacts of hydraulic works after their implementation. The works studied were the adductors of Cascavel and Trici-TauÃ, which both began operation between 1999 and 2000. The observed ex-post goal refers to the fifth year of operation of the adductor system, which was 2005. The rankings in âÃndice de Desenvolvimento Municipal (IDM)â, âÃndice de Desenvolvimento Humano (IDH)â and âÃndices de Desenvolvimento Social de Oferta (IDS-O)â and âResultado (IDS-R)â were used as the criterion for measuring social impact. The âÃndice Nacional de Custos da ConstruÃÃo (INCC)â and the âÃndice Geral de PreÃo de Mercado (IGPM) were utilized for the correction and analysis of economic gains. In addition to the index data for the towns benefiting from the system under consideration, some development data were also used from the following towns which are in geographical situations similar to Tauà and Cascavel, but are not beneficiaries of an adductor system: AcaraÃ, QuiterianÃpolis and Boa Viagem. A new estimate was made of the size of the population benefited by the end of the life expectancy of the adductors, equivalent to 20 years. The conclusion in Cascavel is equivalent to that originally proposed by the project, with a difference less than 0,50%. However, in case of Trici-Tauà the population receiving benefit is found to be lower than the original project estimate by 29,50%. It is concluded that there were economic benefits of a reduced construction cost for the adductors by exchanging iron pipes for lower-cost Reinforced PVC (RPVC) pipes. Furthermore, economic gains for the State were also found by comparing the expenses of the âSistema Ãnico de SaÃde (SUS)â in treating infectious intestinal diseases spread primarily through the ingestion of untreated water, both before and after the implementation of the adductor. In Cascavel the degree of economic development was more visible, whereas in Tauà the social benefits were more significant.

Abstract Decreased adductor muscle strength has been shown to be a risk factor for the development of future groin injury. The purpose of this study was therefore to examine standard values of isometric adductor muscle strength in Swedish male soccer and to map any differences in muscle strength between non-injured players and previously injured players. Twenty-one male soccer players were included in the study. A handheld dynamometer was used to record maximal isometric adductor muscle strength. The average value for isometric adductor muscle strength for all included players was 2,709 N/kg [± 0,37 SD]. Average values for non-injured and previously injured players were 2,716 N/kg [± 0,41 SD] and 2,537 N/kg [± 0,25 SD] respectively. The average value for the contralateral, non-injured side within the previously injured players was 2,86 N/kg [± 0,43 SD]. The difference in muscle strength between previously injured players and non-injured players was not statistically significant (p = .162). Conversely the difference between the non-injured side and the injured side in previously injured players was statistically significant (p = .018). Future studies should focus on including players of different levels to conclude whether the differences observed in this study is present regardless of the level of play.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-22T17:27:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 michele.pdf: 618985 bytes, checksum: 5aea5d3d30e1efe7646a8613ea316b46 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-12-19 / Background & objectives: To determine reference values for healthy adults subjects and to study the influence of determinants factors for handgrip strength. Methods: Three hundred subjects were studied, aged 18 to 90 years old. The handgrip strength (HS) was assessed by a hand dynamometer, as well as the adductor pollicis muscle (APM) thickness and other anthropometric variables. The results were analyzed by age group and gender. A multiple linear regression was performed to identify the significant determinant variables of handgrip strength. Results HS depends on gender significantly and decreases after 60 years old (p<0.001). Different reference values are presented to be used for each gender and age categories, for dominant and non-dominant hand. APM had a high correlation with HS (R2=0.71 e 0.70 for DHS and NDHS, respectively. After the adjustment for other variables as sex, age and body mass index, APM was still significantly associated to HS. Conclusion Reference values are necessary for using HS as a muscular function assessment tool and it should be stratified for gender and age group. The combined use of HS and APM may be useful as a nutritional assessment method / Justificativa e propósito - Determinar valores de referência para indivíduos adultos e saudáveis e estudar a influência de fatores determinantes para a força do aperto de mão (FAM). Métodos Foram estudados 300 voluntários, com idades de 18 a 90 anos, sendo avaliados a FAM com um dinamômetro de mão, a espessura do músculo adutor do polegar (MAP) e outras variáveis antropométricas. Os resultados foram analisados após estratificação por faixa etária e gênero. Foi realizada regressão linear múltipla para identificação das variáveis significativamente determinantes da FAM. Resultados A FAM depende significativamente do gênero e decresce após os 60 anos (p<0,001). Os diferentes valores de referência são apresentados para uso para cada gênero e categoria etária. O MAP teve alta correlação com a FAM (R2 = 0,71 e 0,70 para FAMD e FAMND, respectivamente). Após o ajuste para outras variáveis como gênero, idade e IMC, o MAP ainda é significativamente associado a FAM. Conclusão Os valores de referência são necessários para o uso da FAM na avaliação da função muscular e devem ser estratificados por gênero e idade. O uso associado da FAM e MAP pode ser útil como método de avaliação nutricional