O ADI constitui-se no desenvolvimento mais recente na família dos ferros fundidos nodulares. Com o tratamento de austêmpera, consegue-se produzir uma microestrutura única, constituída de ferrita acicular e austenita estável rica em carbono, a ausferrita, proporcionando alta resistência mecânica aliada à ductilidade e tenacidade, além de boa resistência à fadiga e ao desgaste. Neste trabalho estudou-se o efeito dos elementos de liga Cu, Ni e Mo nas propriedades mecânicas e austemperabilidade do ADI. Foram produzidas barras cilíndricas de ferros fundidos nodulares nos diâmetros de Ø2, Ø3 e Ø4 ligadas com Cu, Cu-Ni, Cu-Ni- Mo respectivamente. Os corpos de prova utilizados nos ensaios de tração, impacto e microdesgaste foram retirados a meio-raio das barras. Posteriormente, cada conjunto de corpo de prova foi austenitizado a 890°C durante 2 horas, sendo em seguida submetido a uma condição de tratamento de austêmpera específica, combinando temperaturas de austêmpera de 300 e 360°C e tempos de 1, 2, 3 e 4 horas. Realizou-se análises microestruturais ópticas e por microscopia eletrônica de varredura para correlacionar propriedades mecânicas com a microestrutura. Na análise de austemperabilidade, as barras cilíndricas foram austemperadas para verificar a variação de microestrutura em função do raio da barra. Verificou-se que a temperatura de austêmpera exerce forte influência na microestrutura do ADI e consequentemente nas propriedades de tração, ductilidade, tenacidade e resistência ao desgaste. Nos tratamentos a 300°C obteve-se uma microestrutura mais refinada, com maior quantidade de ferrita acicular, responsável pela maior resistência mecânica e resistência ao desgaste; enquanto que no tratamento realizado a 360°C obteve-se uma microestrutura mais grosseira, com maior quantidade de austenita estável, responsável pela melhor ductilidade e tenacidade. Nos tempos de austêmpera analisados, não ocorreram variações significativas nas microestruturas e propriedades mecânicas. A resistência mecânica e a tenacidade decresceram com a adição de Mo, provavelmente devido à segregação deste elemento, mas a resistência ao desgaste a seco e a austemperabilidade foram mais efetivas em comparação com ligas contendo Cu e Cu-Ni. No ensaio de desgaste usando-se lubrificante, o ADI ligado com Cu-Ni austemperado a 360°C apresentou uma resistência ao desgaste um pouco inferior a de um aço 17CrNiMo6 cementado. / The ADI is the most recent development in the nodular iron family. With the austempering treatment, a unique microstructure, consisting of acicular bainite ferrite and stable austenite rich in carbon, named ausferrite is produced. This microstructure provides high mechanical strength combined with ductility, toughness and good fatigue and wear resistances. In this work, the effect of alloying elements Cu, Ni and Mo on the mechanical properties and austemperability of the ADI were studied. To conduct these studies, cylindrical bars with diameters of Ø2\", Ø3\" and Ø4\" were cast with Cu, Cu-Ni and Cu-Ni-Mo alloying, respectively. The samples were then manufactured by removing specimens from the bar midradius position. Subsequently, each set of the samples was austenitized at 890°C for 2 hours, and then subjected different conditions of austempering treatment. These treatments were developed by combining austempering temperatures of 300 and 360°C with austempering times of 1, 2, 3 and 4 hours. Microstructural analysis was carried out using optical and scanning electron microscopy to correlate mechanical properties with the microstructure. In the austemperability analysis, cylindrical bars were austempered (at 360°C for 3 hours) to correlate microstructure and radius. The experimental results showed that the austempering temperature exerts strong influence on the ADI´s microstructure and consequently on the mechanical properties. The austempering temperature of 300°C produced the best results, a refined microstructure, with a greater amount of acicular ferrite, responsible for greater strength and wear resistance. The austempering temperature of 360°C produced a coarse microstructure, with larger amount of austenite and responsible for better ductility and toughness. The austempering times used in this work did not produce significant variations in the properties and microstructures. Regarding alloying elements, the mechanical strength and toughness decreased with the addition of Mo, probably due to the segregation of this element, but the wear resistance and austemperability were more effective when compared with the alloys containing Cu and Cu-Ni. In the lubricated wear test, the ADI alloyed with Cu-Ni and austempered at 360°C presented a wear resistance only a fraction lower than a cemented 17CrNiMo6 steel.

Today in the scientific and technological world, physical and artificial processes are often described by mathematical models which can be used for simulation, optimization or control. As the mathematical models get more detailed and different coupling effects are required to include, usually the dimension of these models become very large. Such large-scale systems lead to large memory requirements and computational complexity. To handle these large models efficiently in simulation, control or optimization model order reduction (MOR) is essential. The fundamental idea of model order reduction is to approximate a large-scale model by a reduced model of lower state space dimension that has the same (to the largest possible extent) input-output behavior as the original system. Recently, the system-theoretic method Balanced Truncation (BT) which was believed to be applicable only to moderately sized problems, has been adapted to really large-scale problems. Moreover, it also has been extended to so-called descriptor systems, i.e., systems whose dynamics obey differential-algebraic equations. In this thesis, a BT algorithm is developed for MOR of index-1 descriptor systems based on several papers from the literature. It is then applied to the setting of a piezo-mechanical system. The algorithm is verified by real-world data describing micro-mechanical piezo-actuators. The whole algorithm works for sparse descriptor form of the system. The piezo-mechanical original system is a second order index-1 descriptor system, where mass, damping, stiffness, input and output matrices are highly sparse. Several techniques are introduced to reduce the system into a first order index-1 descriptor system by preserving the sparsity pattern of the original models. Several numerical experiments are used to illustrate the efficiency of the algorithm.

O ADI constitui-se no desenvolvimento mais recente na família dos ferros fundidos nodulares. Com o tratamento de austêmpera, consegue-se produzir uma microestrutura única, constituída de ferrita acicular e austenita estável rica em carbono, a ausferrita, proporcionando alta resistência mecânica aliada à ductilidade e tenacidade, além de boa resistência à fadiga e ao desgaste. Neste trabalho estudou-se o efeito dos elementos de liga Cu, Ni e Mo nas propriedades mecânicas e austemperabilidade do ADI. Foram produzidas barras cilíndricas de ferros fundidos nodulares nos diâmetros de Ø2, Ø3 e Ø4 ligadas com Cu, Cu-Ni, Cu-Ni- Mo respectivamente. Os corpos de prova utilizados nos ensaios de tração, impacto e microdesgaste foram retirados a meio-raio das barras. Posteriormente, cada conjunto de corpo de prova foi austenitizado a 890°C durante 2 horas, sendo em seguida submetido a uma condição de tratamento de austêmpera específica, combinando temperaturas de austêmpera de 300 e 360°C e tempos de 1, 2, 3 e 4 horas. Realizou-se análises microestruturais ópticas e por microscopia eletrônica de varredura para correlacionar propriedades mecânicas com a microestrutura. Na análise de austemperabilidade, as barras cilíndricas foram austemperadas para verificar a variação de microestrutura em função do raio da barra. Verificou-se que a temperatura de austêmpera exerce forte influência na microestrutura do ADI e consequentemente nas propriedades de tração, ductilidade, tenacidade e resistência ao desgaste. Nos tratamentos a 300°C obteve-se uma microestrutura mais refinada, com maior quantidade de ferrita acicular, responsável pela maior resistência mecânica e resistência ao desgaste; enquanto que no tratamento realizado a 360°C obteve-se uma microestrutura mais grosseira, com maior quantidade de austenita estável, responsável pela melhor ductilidade e tenacidade. Nos tempos de austêmpera analisados, não ocorreram variações significativas nas microestruturas e propriedades mecânicas. A resistência mecânica e a tenacidade decresceram com a adição de Mo, provavelmente devido à segregação deste elemento, mas a resistência ao desgaste a seco e a austemperabilidade foram mais efetivas em comparação com ligas contendo Cu e Cu-Ni. No ensaio de desgaste usando-se lubrificante, o ADI ligado com Cu-Ni austemperado a 360°C apresentou uma resistência ao desgaste um pouco inferior a de um aço 17CrNiMo6 cementado. / The ADI is the most recent development in the nodular iron family. With the austempering treatment, a unique microstructure, consisting of acicular bainite ferrite and stable austenite rich in carbon, named ausferrite is produced. This microstructure provides high mechanical strength combined with ductility, toughness and good fatigue and wear resistances. In this work, the effect of alloying elements Cu, Ni and Mo on the mechanical properties and austemperability of the ADI were studied. To conduct these studies, cylindrical bars with diameters of Ø2\", Ø3\" and Ø4\" were cast with Cu, Cu-Ni and Cu-Ni-Mo alloying, respectively. The samples were then manufactured by removing specimens from the bar midradius position. Subsequently, each set of the samples was austenitized at 890°C for 2 hours, and then subjected different conditions of austempering treatment. These treatments were developed by combining austempering temperatures of 300 and 360°C with austempering times of 1, 2, 3 and 4 hours. Microstructural analysis was carried out using optical and scanning electron microscopy to correlate mechanical properties with the microstructure. In the austemperability analysis, cylindrical bars were austempered (at 360°C for 3 hours) to correlate microstructure and radius. The experimental results showed that the austempering temperature exerts strong influence on the ADI´s microstructure and consequently on the mechanical properties. The austempering temperature of 300°C produced the best results, a refined microstructure, with a greater amount of acicular ferrite, responsible for greater strength and wear resistance. The austempering temperature of 360°C produced a coarse microstructure, with larger amount of austenite and responsible for better ductility and toughness. The austempering times used in this work did not produce significant variations in the properties and microstructures. Regarding alloying elements, the mechanical strength and toughness decreased with the addition of Mo, probably due to the segregation of this element, but the wear resistance and austemperability were more effective when compared with the alloys containing Cu and Cu-Ni. In the lubricated wear test, the ADI alloyed with Cu-Ni and austempered at 360°C presented a wear resistance only a fraction lower than a cemented 17CrNiMo6 steel.

O objetivo desta pesquisa de Mestrado é dissertar sobre o olhar judaico que, por suposição, permeia as obras de três fotógrafos contemporâneos e avaliar se há tendências que apontem para a judeidade das fotografias. Os artistas estudados são o israelense Adi Nes e as brasileiras de origem húngara Cláudia Andujar e Madalena Schwartz, que, respectivamente, produziram as séries Histórias Bíblicas (2003-2006), Marcados (1981-1983) e Crisálidas (1973-1976) publicadas em 2007, 2009 e 2012. Adi Nes (1966-), ao encenar em estúdio situações contemporâneas de miséria em Tel Aviv com atores representando personagens bíblicos (Noé, Abraão, Isaque, Jacó, Elias, José, Rute, Caim, Abel e Davi), reatualizou as histórias da Bíblia Hebraica, como faz o Midrash (livro ou trecho de comentários rabínicos), e, talmudicamente, conectou significantes aparentemente díspares que sugerem muitos significados. Cláudia Andujar (1931-) relacionou a situação indígena à história judaica, ao retratar os índios Yanomami com uma placa numerada no pescoço (para identificar qual fora vacinado), o que remete aos números tatuados na pele dos prisioneiros que ingressavam nos campos de extermínio durante a Shoá, o que, em contrapartida, reforça a ameaça à sobrevivência dos índios quando os brancos invadem as suas terras. Madalena Schwartz (1921-1993) fotografou travestis e transformistas do teatro underground realizado pelo Dzi Croquettes, grupo que, ao transitar entre os gêneros masculino e feminino, cultivavam identidades híbridas, fragmentadas e vivenciavam uma condição de exílio compartilhada pela artista, devido aos seus deslocamentos transculturais, ao fazer o percurso migratório Budapeste-Buenos Aires-São Paulo. / The aim of this research is to discourse about the Jewish eye that, by assumption, permeates the work of three contemporary photographers and evaluate if there are tendencies that point to the Jewishness of photographies. The studied artists are the Israeli Adi Nes and the Brazilians of Hungarian origin Cláudia Andujar e Madalena Schwartz, that, respectively, produced the series Biblical Stories (2003-2006), Marcados [Marked] (1981-1983) and Crisálidas [Chrysalides] (1973-1976) published in 2007, 2009 and 2012. Adi Nes (1966-), by staging in studio contemporary situations of misery in Tel Aviv with actors representing biblical characters (Noah, Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, Elijah, Joseph, Ruth, Cain, Abel and David), re-updated the stories of Hebrew Bible, as does Midrash (book or excerpt of rabbinic commentaries) and, talmudically, connected signifiers apparently different that suggest a lot of meanings. Cláudia Andujar (1931-) correlated the indigenous situation to Jewish history, by depicting the Indians Yanomami with a numbered plaque in neck (to identify who was vaccinated), what links to the numbers tattooed in the skin of prisoners that enter in death camps during Shoah, what, in return, reinforces the threat to survival of Indians when white people invade their lands. Madalena Schwartz (1921-1993) photographed travestites and crossdressers of underground theatre done by Dzi Croquettes, group that, by transiting between masculine and feminine genders, cultivated hibrid, fragmented identities and experienced an exilic condition shared by the artist, due to her transcultural moves, by doing the migratory route Budapest-Buenos Aires-São Paulo.

Structural Optimization techniques are widely used in product development process in ‘modern industry’ to generate optimal designs with only sufficient material to serve the purpose of the component. In conventional design problems, the design process usually generates overdesigned components with excess material and weight. This will in turn increase the life time cost of machines, both in terms material wastage and expense of usage. The thesis “Design of a weight optimized casted ADI component using topology and shape optimization” deals with redesigning a component from a welded steel plate structure into a castable design for reduced manufacturing cost and weight reduction. The component “Drill Steel Support” mounted in front of the drilling boom of a Face Drilling Machine is redesigned during this work. The main objective of the thesis is to provide an alternative design with lower weight that can be mounted on the existing machine layout without any changes in the mounting interfaces. This thesis report covers in detail procedure followed for attaining the weight reduction of the “Drill Steel Support” and presents the results and methodology which is based on both topology and shape optimization. / Strukturoptimering används ofta i produktutvecklingsprocessen i modern industri för att ta fram optimala konstruktioner med minsta möjliga materialåtgång för komponenten. Konventionella konstruktionsmetoder genererar vanligtvis överdimensionerade komponenter med överflödigt material och vikt. Detta ökar i sin tur livstidskostnaderna för maskiner både i termer av materialavfall och användning. Avhandlingen "Konstruktion av viktoptimerad gjuten ADI-komponent" behandlar omkonstruktionen av en komponent från en svetsad stålplåtstruktur till en gjutbar konstruktion med minskad tillverkningskostnad och vikt. Komponenten “Borrstöd” monterad i framkant av bommen på en ortdrivningsmaskin är omkonstruerad under detta arbete. Huvudsyftet med avhandlingen är ta fram en alternativ konstruktion med lägre vikt och som kan monteras på befintlig maskinlayout utan någon ändring i monteringsgränssnittet. Denna avhandling innehåller en detaljerad beskrivning av förfarandet för att uppnå viktminskningen av "borrstödet" och presenterar resultaten samt metodiken som baseras på både topologi- och parameter- optimering.

The history of scientific intelligence – its birth, its importance during the Second World War, and its unique wartime qualities – has relied almost entirely on the memories of its pioneer, R. V. Jones. This thesis constitutes a critique of this history; through scrutiny of Jones’s post-war literature (especially his war memoirs entitled Most Secret War), his archival papers and those of his colleagues and contemporaries, and other mediums he used to promote his account of scientific intelligence. This thesis examines chronologically all of the key events Jones became famous for – the Battle of the Beams, the Bruneval Raid, the Radio War, the Battle of the V-Weapons – and compares Jones’s account of these (and many other) events with contemporary documentation. This thesis provides a rich understanding of the internal machinations within the British wartime air scientific intelligence organisation defined as ADI (Science), and their relationships with the many other political, military and intelligence sections that pursued similar and often closely-linked quests. This thesis importantly connects science and technology with the collection and collation of intelligence, is an analysis of wartime intelligence of a scientific and technical nature, and argues that scientific intelligence was much more than one man’s accomplishments, involved many more individuals and organisations than is perceived, and is much more important to twentieth century history than has been permitted.

Title: Analysis of didactic interaction with selected handball teams Objectives: The aim is to analyze the behavior and speech of coaches from various clubs in the female junior category during three matches at a tournament, record the results and then compare their average values per match with each other and with the theory. The final assessment will show values from a truncated system of analysis didactic interaction (ADI) and in particular the ratio of the average values from selected subcategories among the coaches. Methods: We received the data from coaches in the form of a voice recording. The evaluation of the obtained data is numerical forms - tables and graph. Results: According to the theory, coaches should praise their charges and correct their mistakes. This corresponds with the obtained results. During practices, information is relayed using a dominant form of expression and praise is minimal. Also, the rate of correction in comparison to the rate of observation was low. Key words: Coach, match, correction, children, handball, ADI

Title: Analysis of Didactic Interaction in Group Skiing Lessons for Adults Objectives: The aim of this thesis is to perform detailed analysis and comparison of the didactic teacher - student interaction during adult skiing lessons between two instructors with the same level of experience but different educational background. Methods: In our research we have employed a participant observation method using classification into a category system based on a standardised MADI (Modified Analysis of Didactic Interaction) technique. This includes 7 categories describing the forms of the teacher's behaviour, the didactic content of the lessons, didactic situations, and attitudinal characteristics. Results: The results of the study confirmed, among others, a higher incidence of the two most effective forms of teacher behaviour (correction and feedback information provision) in the instructor with pedagogical education, which was associated with a higher quality of the teaching process. Keywords: teaching, skiing, instructor, didactic interaction, analysis, ADI, MADI

Submitted by Leticia Alvarenga (leticiaalvarenga@fdv.br) on 2018-08-31T17:01:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 RAFAEL HENRIQUE GUIMARÃES TEIXEIRA DE FREITAS.pdf: 880308 bytes, checksum: 73af24e07489bb4ae2de6901de4ff1f2 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Paula Galdino (repositorio@fdv.br) on 2018-09-03T20:25:37Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 RAFAEL HENRIQUE GUIMARÃES TEIXEIRA DE FREITAS.pdf: 880308 bytes, checksum: 73af24e07489bb4ae2de6901de4ff1f2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-03T20:25:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RAFAEL HENRIQUE GUIMARÃES TEIXEIRA DE FREITAS.pdf: 880308 bytes, checksum: 73af24e07489bb4ae2de6901de4ff1f2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-13 / Em um contexto de grande participação do Poder Judiciário no cenário político, o presente trabalho propõe-se a analisar a atuação do Supremo Tribunal Federal brasileiro na ocorrência do fenômeno da mutação constitucional. Para tanto, será realizada inicialmente digressão acerca do fenômeno da mutação constitucional, desde a constatação de sua existência, passando pelas principais contribuições de estudiosos sobre o tema na elaboração da classificação do instituto em categorias, com destaque para a que melhor se enquadra ao nosso sistema jurídico. Dentre as categorias delimitadas a análise dará ênfase à discussão crítica do legítimo papel do Supremo Tribunal Federal na ocorrência da mutação constitucional por interpretação traçando, para tanto, o limite de sua participação no contexto do Estado Democrático de Direito. Estabelecidas as premissas teóricas, serão analisados dois julgados do Tribunal Constitucional que trataram da efetivação de direitos e garantias fundamentais, quais sejam: o julgamento do RE 466.343/SP que decidiu pela inconstitucionalidade da prisão do depositário infiel (artigo 5º, inciso LXVII da CF) e a da ADI 4722/DF que equiparou as relações estáveis homoafetivas às heteroafetivas. Ao final, o presente trabalho propõe-se a concluir se nos aludidos julgamentos do Supremo Tribunal Federal ocorreu o fenômeno da mutação constitucional ou, ao contrario, trataram-se de decisões inconstitucionais. / In a context of great involvement of the judiciary in the political scenario, this paper proposes to analyze the performance of the Brazilian Supreme Court in the occurrence of the constitutional mutation. To do so, it will be initially performed digression on the phenomenon of constitutional mutation, since the discovery of its existence, through the main contributions of scholars on the subject in the development of the classification of the institute into categories, especially the one that best fits our legal system. Among the specific categories analysis will emphasize the critical discussion of the legitimate role of the Supreme Court in the occurrence of constitutional interpretation by mutation mapping, therefore, the limit of its participation in the context of a democratic state. Established the theoretical assumptions will be analyzed two rulings of the Constitutional Court dealt with the enforcement of fundamental rights and guarantees, which are: the trial of RE 466.343/SP which decided for the unconstitutionality of arrest of a unfaithful trustee (Article 5, paragraph LXVII of CF) and ADI 4722/DF that equalized stable homoaffectives relationships with the heteroaffetives ones. In the end, this paper proposes to conclude whether in the aforementioned rulings of the Supreme Court the phenomenon of constitutional mutation occurred or, on the contrary, they were unconstitutional decisions.

Submitted by Haia Cristina Rebouças de Almeida (haia.almeida@uniceub.br) on 2015-02-19T12:49:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 61000861.pdf: 403447 bytes, checksum: 9a87a46771d8fb96eb20a51332bbb1bf (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-02-19T12:49:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 61000861.pdf: 403447 bytes, checksum: 9a87a46771d8fb96eb20a51332bbb1bf (MD5) / A presente dissertação tem como objeto de estudo o julgamento proferido pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF), que versou sobre o reconhecimento da união estável dos casais homossexuais (homoafetivos) como entidade familiar nos Autos das Ação Direta de Inconstitucionalidade (ADIN) n. 4.277 e na Arguição de Descumprimento de Preceito Fundamental (ADPF) n. 132. O estudo visita a hermenêutica jurídica e os direitos fundamentais, com ênfase no Direito Constitucional, leituras do magistério doutrinário, os pertinentes termos normativos (CF, Leis Federais e outros), as manifestações das partes interessadas (PRG, AGU, Congresso Nacional, diversos amici curiae) e os votos dos ministros do Supremo Tribunal Federal – STF. Avançando nas argumentações de modo a verificar a coerência narrativa e a consistência normativa dos votos dos ministros, à luz dos textos normativos e do magistério doutrinário. O problema jurídico consiste em identificar se o Supremo Tribunal Federal – STF, usurpou ou não a competência normativa do Congresso Nacional ao reconhecer como entidade familiar a união estável dos casais homossexuais, chamando para si, a responsabilidade para regulamentar situações de caráter e prerrogativa do Poder Legislativo.