Concrete domains have been introduced in Description Logics (DLs) to enable reference to concrete objects (such as numbers) and predefined predicates on these objects (such as numerical comparisons) when defining concepts. To retain decidability when integrating a concrete domain into a decidable DL, the domain must satisfy quite strong restrictions. In previous work, we have analyzed the most prominent such condition, called w-admissibility, from an algebraic point of view. This provided us with useful algebraic tools for proving w-admissibility, which allowed us to find new examples for concrete domains whose integration leaves the prototypical expressive DL ALC decidable. When integrating concrete domains into lightweight DLs of the EL family, achieving decidability is not enough. One wants reasoning in the resulting DL to be tractable. This can be achieved by using so-called p-admissible concrete domains and restricting the interaction between the DL and the concrete domain. In the present paper, we investigate p-admissibility from an algebraic point of view. Again, this yields strong algebraic tools for demonstrating p-admissibility. In particular, we obtain an expressive numerical padmissible concrete domain based on the rational numbers. Although w-admissibility and p-admissibility are orthogonal conditions that are almost exclusive, our algebraic characterizations of these two properties allow us to locate an infinite class of p-admissible concrete domains whose integration into ALC yields decidable DLs.

For millions of people worldwide the use of computers has become a central part of life. Criminals are exploiting these technological advances for illegal activities. This growth of technology has therefore produced a completely new source of evidence referred to as ‘electronic evidence’. In light of this the researcher focused on the collection of electronic evidence and its admissibility at trial. The study intends to assist and give guidance to investigators to collect electronic evidence properly and legally and ensure that it is admitted as evidence in court. Electronic evidence is fragile and volatile by nature and therefore requires the investigator always to exercise reasonable care during its collection, preservation and analysis to protect its identity and integrity. The legal requirements that the collected electronic evidence must satisfy for it to be admissible in court are relevance, reliability, and authenticity. When presenting the evidence in court the investigator should always keep in mind that the judges are not specialists in the computing environment and that therefore the investigator must be able to explain how the chain of custody was maintained during the collection, preservation and analysis of electronic evidence. The complex technology behind electronic evidence must be clearly explained so that the court is able to understand the evidence in a way that an ordinary person or those who have never used a computer before can. This is because the court always relies on the expertise of the investigator to understand electronic evidence and make a ruling on matters related to it. / Police Practice / M. Tech. (Forensic Investigation)

COMPARATIVE ADVERTISEMENT - THE DEVELOPMENT OF REGULATION IN THE CZECH LEGAL ORDER My thesis is aimed particularly to analyse the existing legal regulations on the comparative advertising in the Czech Republic with a view to its comprehensive treatment in the Community law and to summarize the history of the Czech laws not only of the comparative advertising evolution, but also an unfair competition or an unfair advertising in general, as the legislation governing the comparative advertising did not exist until 2001 and particularly the comparative advertising was usually qualified as an unfair competition. The work is divided into seven chapters. First two chapters briefly depict general characteristics of both the economic competition and an unfair competition terms and concepts. The third chapter is devoted to advertising in general. Chapters Four and Five form the core of the thesis. They are dedicated to the phenomenon of the comparative advertising and legislation prevailing in the Czech Republic. In Chapter Four, varying attitudes of different rules of law to comparative advertising are discussed in Section 4.1, and Section 4.2 summarizes the different types of comparative advertising. Section 4.3 is dedicated to the evolution of the legislation on unfair competition or an unfair...

Trata-se de estudo acerca da cláusula de não indenizar e da cláusula limitativa do dever de indenizar, mecanismos utilizados pelos contratantes com vistas a aliviar a sobrecarga das indenizações, que se aproximam de institutos como o seguro de responsabilidade civil e a cláusula penal, apresentando também pontos de coincidência com a transação, a renúncia e o consentimento do ofendido. Embora sejam conhecidas desde o direito romano, foi no Estado liberal que essas convenções tiveram maior aceitação, a qual foi sendo, no entanto, paulatinamente reduzida, à medida que foi se configurando o que posteriormente se convencionou chamar de dirigismo contratual, que tem em mira corrigir as injustiças resultantes do modelo individualista de outrora, na busca por uma igualdade real entre as partes contratantes. No ordenamento jurídico brasileiro não há regra geral disciplinando a matéria, mas apenas disposições pontuais que regulam campos específicos; esta a origem de toda a controvérsia que gravita em torno da validade e eficácia da cláusula de não indenizar e da cláusula limitativa do dever de indenizar, questões, ao que se entende, que se devem resolver pelas regras de admissibilidade dos contratos em geral, respeitando-se, sempre, evidentemente, os limites da ordem pública, o que significa, nos tempos atuais, observância, também e principalmente, aos princípios da boa-fé objetiva, do equilíbrio contratual e da função social do contrato / It is a study on the non-indemnity clause and on the limitation of indemnity clause, mechanisms utilized by contractors in order to relieve the burden of indemnities which approach institutes such as the civil liability insurance and the penalty clause and also show intersection points with the settlement, the waiver and the consent of the offended party. Although known since roman law, it was in liberal State that such conventions have received greater acceptance, which nonetheless was gradually reduced as what later to be denominated contractual interventionism emerged, whose purpose is to correct the inequities resulting from the individualist model of yesteryear in the quest for true equality between the contracting parties. There is not a general legal rule in the Brazilian legal system regulating the matter, but only specific provisions governing specific cases; this is the origin of all controversy towards the validity and effectiveness of the non-indemnity clause and of the limitation of indemnity clause, these are issues that, as one comprehends, should be solved with the admissibility rules of contracts in general, provided that the limits of public order, evidently, are always respected, what means, nowadays, observance, also and mainly, of the principles of objective good faith, contractual balance and social purpose of the contract

We show that results on the characterization of admissible quantizations, which have been derived in Potzelberger [3], have to be modified in case the probability distribution has linear components. Furthermore, we provide an example, where the limit of optimal quantizations is not admissible. (author's abstract) / Series: Forschungsberichte / Institut für Statistik

Let P be a Borel probability measure on Rd. We characterize the maximal elements p E M(P,m) with respect to the Bishop-De Leeuw order, where p E M(P, m) if and only if p P and [supp(p)] m. The results obtained have important consequences for statistical inference, such as tests of homogeneity or multivariate cluster analysis and for the theory of comparison of experiments. (author's abstract) / Series: Forschungsberichte / Institut für Statistik

For millions of people worldwide the use of computers has become a central part of life. Criminals are exploiting these technological advances for illegal activities. This growth of technology has therefore produced a completely new source of evidence referred to as ‘electronic evidence’. In light of this the researcher focused on the collection of electronic evidence and its admissibility at trial. The study intends to assist and give guidance to investigators to collect electronic evidence properly and legally and ensure that it is admitted as evidence in court. Electronic evidence is fragile and volatile by nature and therefore requires the investigator always to exercise reasonable care during its collection, preservation and analysis to protect its identity and integrity. The legal requirements that the collected electronic evidence must satisfy for it to be admissible in court are relevance, reliability, and authenticity. When presenting the evidence in court the investigator should always keep in mind that the judges are not specialists in the computing environment and that therefore the investigator must be able to explain how the chain of custody was maintained during the collection, preservation and analysis of electronic evidence. The complex technology behind electronic evidence must be clearly explained so that the court is able to understand the evidence in a way that an ordinary person or those who have never used a computer before can. This is because the court always relies on the expertise of the investigator to understand electronic evidence and make a ruling on matters related to it. / Police Practice / M. Tech. (Forensic Investigation)

Principle of complementarity in the Rome Statute The thesis provides a reader with analysis of non/operation of principle of complementarity in practice of the International Criminal Court. The principle of complementarity concerns rules governing a relationship between national courts and the ICC in the context of exercise of jurisdiction over the crimes under international law covered by the Rome Statute. From the beginning, the principle of complementarity has been considered as a cornerstone of the Rome Statute and has been often contrasted with principle of primacy enjoyed by the International Criminal Tribunal for Former Yugoslavia and International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda. During the adoption of the Rome Statute, both the states and researches expected that thanks to complementarity the ICC would act only as a court of a last resort and would exercise its jurisdiction only if states endowed with jurisdiction would be unwilling or unable to investigate or prosecute those responsible for international crimes in jurisdiction of the ICC. The amount of emphasis put on unwillingness or inability of states to investigate and prosecute should have guaranteed a balance between a protection of state sovereignty and effective and credible operation of the International Criminal Court. The...

In this essay two basic legal concepts, judicial decision and adjudication, are explored in the light of the discipline of Peruvian Civil Procedure Code of 1993 (CPC). This analysis is made from an analyticdogmatic perspective, aiming to show that an adequate use of those concepts is decisive to solve practical problems, foremost in the field of the appeal. / En el presente trabajo se exploran dos conceptos jurídicos básicos, resolución judicial y decisión, a la luz de la regulación del Código Procesal Civil peruano de 1993 (CPC). Este análisis se realiza a partir de un enfoque analítico-dogmático, buscando demostrar que un adecuado trabajo con dichos conceptos es decisivo para resolver problemas prácticos, sobre todo en el ámbito de la impugnación.

Trata-se de estudo acerca da cláusula de não indenizar e da cláusula limitativa do dever de indenizar, mecanismos utilizados pelos contratantes com vistas a aliviar a sobrecarga das indenizações, que se aproximam de institutos como o seguro de responsabilidade civil e a cláusula penal, apresentando também pontos de coincidência com a transação, a renúncia e o consentimento do ofendido. Embora sejam conhecidas desde o direito romano, foi no Estado liberal que essas convenções tiveram maior aceitação, a qual foi sendo, no entanto, paulatinamente reduzida, à medida que foi se configurando o que posteriormente se convencionou chamar de dirigismo contratual, que tem em mira corrigir as injustiças resultantes do modelo individualista de outrora, na busca por uma igualdade real entre as partes contratantes. No ordenamento jurídico brasileiro não há regra geral disciplinando a matéria, mas apenas disposições pontuais que regulam campos específicos; esta a origem de toda a controvérsia que gravita em torno da validade e eficácia da cláusula de não indenizar e da cláusula limitativa do dever de indenizar, questões, ao que se entende, que se devem resolver pelas regras de admissibilidade dos contratos em geral, respeitando-se, sempre, evidentemente, os limites da ordem pública, o que significa, nos tempos atuais, observância, também e principalmente, aos princípios da boa-fé objetiva, do equilíbrio contratual e da função social do contrato / It is a study on the non-indemnity clause and on the limitation of indemnity clause, mechanisms utilized by contractors in order to relieve the burden of indemnities which approach institutes such as the civil liability insurance and the penalty clause and also show intersection points with the settlement, the waiver and the consent of the offended party. Although known since roman law, it was in liberal State that such conventions have received greater acceptance, which nonetheless was gradually reduced as what later to be denominated contractual interventionism emerged, whose purpose is to correct the inequities resulting from the individualist model of yesteryear in the quest for true equality between the contracting parties. There is not a general legal rule in the Brazilian legal system regulating the matter, but only specific provisions governing specific cases; this is the origin of all controversy towards the validity and effectiveness of the non-indemnity clause and of the limitation of indemnity clause, these are issues that, as one comprehends, should be solved with the admissibility rules of contracts in general, provided that the limits of public order, evidently, are always respected, what means, nowadays, observance, also and mainly, of the principles of objective good faith, contractual balance and social purpose of the contract