Este trabalho trata fundamentalmente da admissibilidade dos julgamentos parciais do mérito e de questões de mérito no sistema processual civil brasileiro, considerando especialmente o modelo constitucional de processo civil, bem como no sistema processual prospectivo previsto no Projeto de Novo Código de Processo Civil, que deve entrar vigor em breve. Com este objetivo, será abordado no início da dissertação o dogma da unidade estrutural da sentença, sua origem, fundamentos e aplicabilidade no processo civil brasileiro, já que esse dogma parece ser o principal óbice que se opõe à realização dos julgamentos parciais. Em seguida, procede-se à análise da natureza dos pronunciamentos judiciais em que se realizam os julgamentos parciais, quando admitidos no CPC/73, para defini-los como decisões interlocutórias de mérito (ou de questões de mérito) ou sentenças parciais e intermediárias. Além disso, pretende-se estabelecer os pressupostos autorizadores dos julgamentos parciais, para que, assim, esses julgamentos sejam realizados de forma eficiente e em prol da efetividade da tutela jurisdicional. Trata-se ainda os julgamentos parciais na arbitragem e suas particularidades decorrentes das disposições específicas da Lei de Arbitragem e das características específicas do processo arbitral. Finalmente, nos capítulos finais deste estudo enfrentam-se os obstáculos que geralmente se colocam à realização dos julgamentos parciais relativamente ao âmbito recursal e à formação da coisa julgada. Para esse fim, são abordados a teoria dos capítulos de sentença, os efeitos dos recursos e, especialmente, a formação gradual da coisa julgada à luz da doutrina, da jurisprudência dos Tribunais Superiores e também do Projeto de Novo Código de Processo Civil. / This paper deals essentially with the possibility of rendering partial judgments on the merits and on issues of merits in the Brazilian Civil Procedure, considering especially the constitutional framework of civil procedure, as well as in the prospective procedural system provided by the New Code of Civil Procedure bill, which shall be in force soon. With this goal, the principle of the indivisibility of the award on merits, its origins, its grounds and its applicability to the Brazilian Civil Procedure are addressed in the beginning of the dissertation, as this principle seems to be the main obstacle against the partial judgments. Following this, the nature of the judicial decisions in wich the partial judgments take place when admitted by the Brazilian Code of Civil Procedure of 1973 shall be analysed, in order to characterize them either as interlocutory decisions on the merits (or on issues of merits) or as partial and intermediate awards. In addition, there is a focus on clarifying the conditions in which partial judgments can be rendered, in order to carried out in and efficient fashion, and hence contributing to the effectiveness of the judicial relief. Moreover, the partial judgments in arbitration, as well as their particularities arisen from the specific provisions under the Arbitration Act and singular characteristics of arbitral procedure are analysed. The final chapters of this paper face the obstacles associated with appeals and with claim preclusion that are usually posed against the rendering of partial judgments. For this scope, there shall be addressed the theory of chapters of the award, the effects of the appeals, and specially the gradual claim preclusion in view of the scholars opinions, the case law of the Higher Courts, and also under the New Code of Civil Procedure bill.

¡§Rewards¡¨ and ¡§Punishments¡¨ of public organizations are two crucial tools of personnel management and pivotal impetus factor in organizations.Rewarding is a positive and active way of impetus; punishing is a negative and passive way of impetus. The purpose of rewarding is to meet employees¡¦ requirements, lift morale, and enhance efficiency; the purpose of punishing is to alert stubbornness, eliminate illegitimacy, and maintain discipline. Making use of rewards and punishments well can make its positive function take effect immediately; on the contrary, it will cause damage to organizations. The leading class of public organizations should apply measures of rewards and punishments well. Police organizations, which are always performance-oriented, often highlight the importance of performance by means of project duties and regulate provisions of rewards and punishments in the practical plans of projects. This kind of project execution means that the police organization requests policemen achieve specific performance in some period for certain interim works of the policy and usually accompany with double rewards and punishments, which make common people misunderstand that police officers¡¦ works are ¡§optional¡¨ and ¡§emphatic¡¨ while handling cases. Besides, the business of police officers must focus on service and exhortation and reduce unnecessary interference and compulsion. However, serving for people and preventing crimes cannot underline the performance. Focusing on pursuing criminal cases, which bring immediate performance, and ignoring minor cases around common people for a long time cannot enhance the service quality. Police officers are partial to the performance, away from the public farther and farther. But, the business of police officers cannot be connected efficiently without people¡¦s supports and assistances. The performance cannot earn any credit of the public even though individual police officer is rewarded, but the whole image is getting worse. Thus, how to design a proper rewards and punishments system is worth studying. The objective of the legal system of rewards and punishments of public servants is, in the positive aspect, to lead public servants¡¦ behaviors towards organizational goals and respond to the expectation of the common people; in the negative aspect is to prevent public servants from conducting behaviors unfavorable of organizations goals or the common people¡¦s interests. The fairness of rewards and punishments system, the principle of rewarding from the basic level, and the principle of instant rewards and punishments have not only a great influence on morale encouragement to police officers but also on the position promotion of police officers. How to make the rewards and punishments system of police organizations fair and carry out principles of rewarding from the basic level, and instant rewards and punishments are worth further discussion. The thesis takes the legal system of rewards and punishments of police officers as research target and is supported by other relevant administrative laws and regulations. The research method adopts the primary theories of the administrative law, including administrative principles, administrative organizations, administrative authority, administrative remedy, and administrative supervision to view the rewards and punishments system of our police officers.

Este trabalho trata fundamentalmente da admissibilidade dos julgamentos parciais do mérito e de questões de mérito no sistema processual civil brasileiro, considerando especialmente o modelo constitucional de processo civil, bem como no sistema processual prospectivo previsto no Projeto de Novo Código de Processo Civil, que deve entrar vigor em breve. Com este objetivo, será abordado no início da dissertação o dogma da unidade estrutural da sentença, sua origem, fundamentos e aplicabilidade no processo civil brasileiro, já que esse dogma parece ser o principal óbice que se opõe à realização dos julgamentos parciais. Em seguida, procede-se à análise da natureza dos pronunciamentos judiciais em que se realizam os julgamentos parciais, quando admitidos no CPC/73, para defini-los como decisões interlocutórias de mérito (ou de questões de mérito) ou sentenças parciais e intermediárias. Além disso, pretende-se estabelecer os pressupostos autorizadores dos julgamentos parciais, para que, assim, esses julgamentos sejam realizados de forma eficiente e em prol da efetividade da tutela jurisdicional. Trata-se ainda os julgamentos parciais na arbitragem e suas particularidades decorrentes das disposições específicas da Lei de Arbitragem e das características específicas do processo arbitral. Finalmente, nos capítulos finais deste estudo enfrentam-se os obstáculos que geralmente se colocam à realização dos julgamentos parciais relativamente ao âmbito recursal e à formação da coisa julgada. Para esse fim, são abordados a teoria dos capítulos de sentença, os efeitos dos recursos e, especialmente, a formação gradual da coisa julgada à luz da doutrina, da jurisprudência dos Tribunais Superiores e também do Projeto de Novo Código de Processo Civil. / This paper deals essentially with the possibility of rendering partial judgments on the merits and on issues of merits in the Brazilian Civil Procedure, considering especially the constitutional framework of civil procedure, as well as in the prospective procedural system provided by the New Code of Civil Procedure bill, which shall be in force soon. With this goal, the principle of the indivisibility of the award on merits, its origins, its grounds and its applicability to the Brazilian Civil Procedure are addressed in the beginning of the dissertation, as this principle seems to be the main obstacle against the partial judgments. Following this, the nature of the judicial decisions in wich the partial judgments take place when admitted by the Brazilian Code of Civil Procedure of 1973 shall be analysed, in order to characterize them either as interlocutory decisions on the merits (or on issues of merits) or as partial and intermediate awards. In addition, there is a focus on clarifying the conditions in which partial judgments can be rendered, in order to carried out in and efficient fashion, and hence contributing to the effectiveness of the judicial relief. Moreover, the partial judgments in arbitration, as well as their particularities arisen from the specific provisions under the Arbitration Act and singular characteristics of arbitral procedure are analysed. The final chapters of this paper face the obstacles associated with appeals and with claim preclusion that are usually posed against the rendering of partial judgments. For this scope, there shall be addressed the theory of chapters of the award, the effects of the appeals, and specially the gradual claim preclusion in view of the scholars opinions, the case law of the Higher Courts, and also under the New Code of Civil Procedure bill.

In this dissertation, we study macroscopic traffic flow modeling for intelligent transportation systems. Based on the characteristics of traffic flow evolution, and the requirement to realistically predict and ameliorate traffic flow in high traffic regions, we consider traffic flow modeling for intelligent transportation systems. Four major traffic flow modeling issues, that is, accurately predicting the spatial adjustment of traffic density, the traffic behavior on a long infinite road and on a road having egress and ingress to the flow, affect of driver behavior on traffic flow, and the route merit are investigated. The spatial adjustment of traffic density is investigated from a velocity adjustment perspective. Then the traffic behavior based on the safe distance and safe time is studied on a long infinite road for a transition and uniform flow. The traffic flow transition behavior is also investigated for egress and ingress to the flow having a regulation value which characterizes the driver response. The variation of regulation value refines the traffic velocity and density distributions according to a slow or aggressive driver response. Further, the influence of driver behavior on traffic flow is studied. The driver behavior includes the physiological and psychological response. In this dissertation, route merits are also developed to reduce the trip time, pollution and fuel consumption. Performance results of the proposed models are presented. / Graduate / 0543, 0544, 0548 / khanz@uvic,ca

The research work disclosed in this publication is partially funded by the Strategic Educational Pathways Scholarship Scheme (Malta). The scholarship is part-financed by the European Union – European Social Fund under Programme II – Cohesion Policy 2007-2013. / This dissertation documents a compressor preliminary design study conducted by the author in fulfilment of his MSc thesis requirements. The compressor is intended for a new development engine within the 20Klbf thrust category, planned to be used on a short-haul aircraft, namely the ERJ-190. A market research suggests that there exists a definite opportunity for a commercially profitable engine within this thrust class. Furthermore, the proposed new engine is projected to outperform current production engines on critical issues such as fuel efficiency and operability. By and large, the objectives of this work have been achieved and a compressor design and layout is suggested, which matched or exceeded all the initial requirements. The quality of the results from this study are thought to be of sufficient detail to allow a further, more detailed development study to resolve some subtle pending issues. It is expected that, some compressor stages may have to be altered slightly during detailed design to augment their performance and ease of manufacture and assembly. Throughout this study, the importance of the compressor design figure of merits, pertaining to a short haul engine, has been outlined and their interaction on the design process is well documented. Furthermore, some rather unorthodox objectives such as compressor performance retention and reliability have been discussed. The author approached these subjects in an innovative way due to the limited non-proprietary knowledge available on these issues, especially considering their implications within preliminary design. Furthermore, the author developed and tested a new preliminary turbomachinery design code, named Turbodev, which can be used as an aid in future compressor design endeveours. Turbodev can handle most types of compressor layouts and generates an overall aerodynamic assessment of the turbomachinery performance. In conclusion; this documentation and the associated literature review aim to provide the reader with an overview of the work done and yield a better understanding of the decisions that face any design bureau when developing a new or modified engine component.

In this essay two basic legal concepts, judicial decision and adjudication, are explored in the light of the discipline of Peruvian Civil Procedure Code of 1993 (CPC). This analysis is made from an analyticdogmatic perspective, aiming to show that an adequate use of those concepts is decisive to solve practical problems, foremost in the field of the appeal. / En el presente trabajo se exploran dos conceptos jurídicos básicos, resolución judicial y decisión, a la luz de la regulación del Código Procesal Civil peruano de 1993 (CPC). Este análisis se realiza a partir de un enfoque analítico-dogmático, buscando demostrar que un adecuado trabajo con dichos conceptos es decisivo para resolver problemas prácticos, sobre todo en el ámbito de la impugnación.

The diploma thesis deals with the analysis of the best and highest use of the property (HABU). The theoretical part describes the basic principles of this method and its cruical parts: legal admissibility, physical possibility, financial merits and maximum profitability. This method is applied to a specific area called brown fields in the practical part of this thesis. The result of this method is the evaluation of the highest and best use of the property.

The diploma thesis deals with the analysis of the highest and best use (HABU) of the property, which is applied to a specific example in the practical part of this work. The theoretical part describes and explains the four basic hypotheses of which the analysis consists (legal admissibility, physical possibility, financial merits and maximum profitability). The analysis is performed on the building of the former dining of Military Academy in Brno, which is currently unused.

Le rôle que joue le tribunal arbitral dans l'établissement du contenu du droit applicable n'est pas déterminé dans la plupart des législations d'arbitrage. Cette défaillance du cadre légal conduit à l'interprétation du principe jura novit curia en matière d'arbitrage international. Certes, une transposition pure et simple dans cette matière dudit principe, tel qu'il est appliqué devant les tribunaux étatiques, n'est pas sans difficulté. Néanmoins, en vue de consolider la confiance des parties dans la justice arbitrale et améliorer sa qualité, le tribunal arbitral doit avoir un rôle prépondérant vis-à-vis du droit applicable. En outre, l'office de l'arbitre doit intégrer l'emprise croissante des principes procéduraux fondamentaux. L'administration de la preuve juridique durant l'instance arbitrale s'accomplit à travers différents outils et méthodes. Ces derniers sont, de nos jours, très harmonisés dans les différentes législations et ce grâce à l'effort considérable déployé par les différentes institutions d'arbitrage. Néanmoins, en dépit de leur utilisation fréquente, de leur évolution croissante et leurs avantages indéniables, certains inconvénients persistent et contredisent parfois les besoins d'efficacité et de célérité recherchés par les compromettants. D'autres méthodes, spécifiques pour la preuve juridique, devraient émerger pour une meilleure administration de la justice. Il ne faut toutefois pas privilégier simplement une solution rapide du litige. Il faut qu'elle soit également acceptable et juste aux yeux des parties. Un outil de contrôle de la phase post-arbitrale, qui vise à vérifier si le contenu «censé» établi du droit applicable est correctement appliqué par l'arbitre aux faits de l'espèce, doit pouvoir exister et être efficace. Une telle mesure doit cependant être respectueuse du principe de non révision au fond des sentences. / The role of the arbital tribunal in the establishment of the content of the applicable law on the merits is not envisaged in most of the arbitration statutes. This brings us to examine the principle ''jura novit curia" and the opportunity of its application to international arbitration. Applying this principle in the same way it is applied before state courts to international arbitration has led to several difficulties. However in order to encourage the parties to resort to arbitration and to increase their trust in this conflict resolution mechanism, the arbitrator must be actively involved in the establishment of the content of the applicable law. Moreover, the "ex officia" attributions of the arbitrator should always comply with the due process principles. The administration of the proof of the applicable law during an arbitration procedure is nowadays standardized in most of the different law systems, due to the continuous efforts of the arbitration institutions. However, and despite the numerous advantages of the current methods of establishment of the applicable law, many difficulties are still encountered, which is diminishing the efficiency and the celerity expected by the parties from the arbitration process. Therefore, news methods should be developed, without however compromising the quality of the justice rendered: a post arbitral control must be implemented in order to verify whether the arbitrator has correctly applied the law on the merits "as previously established" to the case at hand, while respecting the principle of non review of the award on the merits.

Agentes econômicos com posição dominante são capazes de se conduzir de maneira independente na sua atividade comercial. Da mesma forma, possuem todos os incentivos para manutenção desta posição, em detrimento de seus concorrentes, fornecedores e clientes. O presente trabalho visa, inicialmente, em estudo comparado da doutrina e jurisprudência no Brasil, União Europeia e Estados Unidos, identificar os elementos de cognição da teoria do abuso de posição dominante para cinco modalidades de conduta. A partir daí traçamos seus elementos de correlação com o propósito de sugerir uma teoria aplicada ao ordenamento jurídico pátrio, que passa pelo reconhecimento da concorrência como garantia institucional, de forma a estabelecer-se igualdade material segundo a teoria da função social dos meios de produção. A presença constante da concorrência nos mercados deve ser tratada como presunção de bem-estar social. E finalmente, valendo-se destes elementos de suporte, propomos uma teoria da responsabilidade especial para agentes econômicos em posição dominante, que implicaria o dever de autoaplicação dos limites permitidos para sua conduta comercial, cujo descumprimento ensejaria presunção relativa de efeitos deletérios ao mercado, segundo os parâmetros propostos. / Firms enjoying dominant position are able to conduct themselves independently in their commercial activities. Likewise, they hold all due incentives to maintain such position, in detriment of their competitors, suppliers and clients. The present work aims, initially, through a comparative study of the Brazilian, the European Union and the United States\' legal doctrine and jurisprudence, to identify cognitive elements of the abuse of dominance theory, for five different natures of conducts. Subsequently, we identify their elements of connection with the purpose of suggesting a theory applicable to the local legal system, which includes the recognition of competition as an institutional guarantee, so to establish a material equality according to the theory of social function of productive assets. The constant presence of competition on the markets shall be treated as a presumption of social welfare. And finally, based on such supportive elements, we propose a theory of special responsibility for dominant firms that implies in a duty of self-application of the permitted limits for their commercial conduct, and which infringement would entail a relative presumption of harmful effects to the market, pursuant to the proposed parameters.