Esta dissertação de mestrado aborda a introdução de reconhecimento de sessões http em um modelo de servidor web com serviços diferenciados (SWDS). Algumas técnicas foram desenvolvidas com o objetivo de produzir diferenciação de serviços junto com garantias de que novas sessões poderiam ser aceitas no sistema. Esses objetivos constituem requisitos essenciais na Internet atual, especialmente para aplicações web modernas. Um novo esquema para controle de admissão de sessões foi desenvolvido e introduzido no modelo SWDS, considerando dois mecanismos para aceitar novas sessões, com garantia de nalização. O mecanismo que estima a capacidade do sistema de aceitar novas sessões, baseado em um modelo de sessão construído dinamicamente a partir da carga do sistema, é destacado. A proposta global deste trabalho também considera um controle de admissão de requisições, baseado em sessões, onde a nova política de atendimento criada mantém o sistema livre de sobrecargas e oferece atendimento diferenciado para as sessões. As políticas de negociação desenvolvidas para o controle de admissão de requisições tiveram um papel importante neste trabalho, contribuindo para a priorização do atendimento das sessões. Os resultados obtidos mostram que os controles propostos constituem estruturas fundamentais para a estabilidade do desempenho do sistema, tanto quanto os mecanismos desenvolvidos têm grande importância no atendimento das sessões e, portanto de seus clientes, através de uma abordagem baseada em diferenciação. / This MSc dissertation approaches the introduction of the HTTP sessions recognition in a web server model with diferentiated services (SWDS). Some techniques have been developed aiming at issuing diferentiation of services together with guarantees that new sessions could be accepted in the system. These aims constitute essential requirements for the current Internet, especially for modern web applications. A new scheme for the admission control system has been developed and introduced in the SWDS model, considering two mechanisms for accepting new sessions, with guarantee of their nalizations. The mechanism that estimates the system capacity of acceptance of a new session, based on a session model built dynamically from system workload information, is highlighted. The global propose of this work also considers a request admission control, based on sessions, where the new attendance polices created keep the system free from overloads and over diferentiated attendance for the sessions. The negotiation polices developed for request admission control had an important place in this work, contributing for the session attendance prioritization. The results reached show that the controls proposed comprise fundamental structures for system performance stability, as well as the mechanisms developed have great importance in attending sessions and, therefore, their clients by means of a diferentiation-based approach.

O processo de treinamento e desenvolvimento de recursos humanos é um importante instrumento para a gerência e para a assistência, os estudos encontrados acerca do treinamento em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI) estão relacionados, principalmente, à realização de técnicas assistenciais. Reconhecendo a relevância do preparo do enfermeiro para atuação em UTI e sabendo da valorização que o grupo de enfermeiros da UTI de um hospital privado do município de São Paulo atribui ao processo de treinamento admissional, esta pesquisa foi desenvolvida na Instituição, Hospital Campo de Estudo (HCE). Assim, constituíram-se como objetivos desse estudo: analisar o processo de treinamento admissional do enfermeiro na UTI, na perspectiva dos enfermeiros da UTI do HCE; reelaborar o processo de treinamento admissional de enfermeiro na UTI, na perspectiva dos enfermeiros da UTI do HCE e definir o perfil do enfermeiro instrutor do treinamento admissional do enfermeiro. A fim de alicerçar essa reelaboração nos valores e necessidades expressas por esse grupo, optou-se pelo método de investigação, da pesquisa-ação. A técnica de coleta de dados ocorreu por meio de grupo focal, constituído de 11 enfermeiros com mais de três anos nessa UTI. Foram realizadas seis reuniões, totalizando dez horas de trabalho. Ainda, na coleta de dados, foram divulgados os relatórios-síntese dessas reuniões possibilitando a participação dos demais 18 enfermeiros da UTI que responderam aos questionários dirigidos, desse modo, houve contribuição de todo o coletivo estudado. Essa estratégia possibilitou a concretização da tarefa do grupo para além da proposta inicial de reelaboração do processo de treinamento. Em consonância ao perfil desejado para o enfermeiro dessa UTI, ora estabelecido pelo grupo, foram também descritos o conceito, os objetivos, as estratégias, a duração e as metas a serem alcançadas pelo enfermeiro recém-admitido. Para tal, foram construídos o novo instrumento, o fluxograma, o memento e a descrição do perfil do enfermeiro instrutor. Além do trabalho desenvolvido, a pesquisa promoveu no grupo e na pesquisadora a reflexão sobre aspectos intervenientes ao processo educativo, bem como acerca da identidade do grupo caracterizada pelo papel assistencial, pela autonomia de ação e, conseqüente, reconhecimento junto à equipe multiprofissional, o que facilitou, de modo coerente, a reelaboração do processo de treinamento admissional do enfermeiro da UTI-HCE / The human resource training and development process is an important instrument for management and care-providers. Studies regarding Intensive Care Unit (ICU) training relate especially to the performance of care-providing techniques. This research was developed at a Study Field Hospital (SFH) considering the importance of a nurses training process for performing at an ICU and knowing how ICU nursing staff value the admission training process at a private practice hospital in the city of São Paulo. Study objectives were to: analyze the ICU-nurse admission training process from the SFH ICU nurses standpoint; redesign the ICU-nurse admission training process from the SFH ICU nurses standpoint; and determine the educator-nurse profile for the ICU-nurse admission training process. In order to support this redesigning within the values and needs expressed by the group, the investigational method of action research was adopted. The data collection technique performed was based on a focus group composed of 11 nurses who have worked at this SFH ICU for more than three years. Six meetings were held in a total of ten working hours. Furthermore, during data collection, summarized meeting reports were issued allowing 18 other ICU nurses who answered the guided questionnaires to participate and therefore the whole group under study contributed. This strategy warranted concretization of the groups task further than the initially proposed redesigning of the training process. In agreement with the desired nurse profile for the ICU, now established by the group; concept, objectives, strategies, duration, and goals to be met by a recently-hired nurse were also described. For such, a new instrument, flow-chart, guideline and educator-nurse profile description were conceived. In addition to the work developed, this research fostered both in the group and the investigator a reflection on intervening aspects of the educational process as well as of the group identity, characterized by the care-providing role, autonomy to act and consequent recognition by the multi-professional team which coherently facilitated the redesigning of the nurse admission training process at the SFH ICU

O objetivo deste trabalho consiste em analisar, à luz da integração e desintegração da gestão pública, a implementação do sistema de ingresso da carreira de Especialista em Políticas Públicas do Governo do Estado de São Paulo (EPP-SP), por meio da descrição de seus processos e de sua análise do seu alinhamento e/ou fragmentação. O sistema de ingresso investigado engloba três grandes subsistemas: Recrutamento e Seleção, Integração e Acolhimento, e Finalização do Estágio Probatório, os quais são pautadas pelo planejamento de contratação, que estabelece o quantitativo e o qualitativo de pessoal necessários, e pela alocação organizacional, nas quais os ingressantes irão desempenhar as atividades previstas. Com intento de se obter uma descrição detalhada do sistema de ingresso da carreira em análise, o trabalho segue uma abordagem qualitativa, tendo como principal método o estudo de caso, apoiado em duas técnicas de coleta de dados, quais sejam: a pesquisa documental e a realização de entrevistas semi-estruturadas com informantes-chave. Verificou-se aspectos de integração e a desintegração nos processos presentes no sistema de ingresso no serviço público da carreira de EPP-SP; de um lado, o desalinhamento entre o planejamento de recursos humanos e a avaliação de desempenho do estágio probatório, bem como entre o curso de formação e a alocação dos gestores; e, por outro lado, no que tange à integração do sistema, identificou-se a associação entre o planejado para carreira e a estrutura da seleção dos candidatos / The objective of this work is to analyze, in the light of the integration and disintegration of public management, implementation of the admission system of the career of the Public Policies Specialist of the São Paulo State Government (PPS-SP), through the description of its processes and their analysis of their alignment and/or fragmentation. The admission system studied comprises three major subsystems: Recruitment and Selection, Integration and Reception, and Completion of the Probationary Stage, which are guided by the contracting planning, which establishes the quantitative and qualitative personnel required, and by the organizational allocation, in which the entrants will perform the planned activities. In an attempt to obtain a detailed description of the career admission system under analysis, the work follows a qualitative approach, having as main method the case study, supported by two data collection techniques, which are: documentary research and Semi-structured interviews with key informants. It was verified aspects of integration and disintegration in the processes present in the system of entry into the public service of the PPS-SP career; on the one hand, the misalignment between the human resources planning and the performance evaluation of the probationary stage, as well as between the training course and the allocation of the managers; and, on the other hand, with regard to the integration of the system, was identified the association between career planning and the structure of candidate selection

Por existirem poucos estudos sobre o momento da internação hospitalar para a realização da cirurgia por câncer de mama, decidiu-se melhor compreender este momento a partir do referencial da teoria das representações sociais e da teoria do enfrentamento, buscando-se em um grupo de mulheres a identificação do significado da admissão hospitalar necessária para a realização da cirurgia, bem como as estratégias de enfrentamento por elas utilizadas nesse momento. A coleta de dados foi realizada numa amostra composta por 10 mulheres e pelos principais profissionais envolvidos em suas admissões. Com as mulheres foram realizadas observações participantes com a utilização do diário de campo e entrevistas semi-estruturadas, analisadas qualitativamente; e os profissionais foram observados com a utilização de um instrumento aberto-fechado, analisado qualitativa e quantitativamente. Em relação às mulheres, foram identificadas as seguintes categorias: perda da mama, medo da morte, cura, cuidado enquanto estratégia de retorno à saúde e dia normal. As estratégias de enfrentamento identificadas foram: médicos, Deus, ela própria, crenças próprias, família, namorado, outros que passaram pela mesma experiência, coragem, confiança, força de vontade, oração, não pensar e convivência com pessoas brincalhonas capazes de passar energia boa. A análise conjunta das representações sociais com as estratégias de enfrentamento evidenciou que em 70% das participantes houve relação entre o significado atribuído à admissão hospitalar e as estratégias de enfrentamento utilizadas. A relação entre as representações sociais e as estratégias de enfrentamento mostrou que as categorias: cura, cuidado enquanto estratégia de retorno à saúde e dia normal foram as mais eficazes no enfrentamento da admissão hospitalar. O instrumento utilizado com os principais profissionais que realizaram as admissões hospitalares mostrou que 100% dos principais responsáveis pelas admissões hospitalares foram enfermeiras; 100% delas tentaram estabelecer um vínculo positivo com as mulheres no momento do chamamento; 80% não se apresentaram às mulheres que receberam; 90% utilizaram preferencialmente o termo senhora no período em que permaneceram com as mulheres; 100% demonstraram preocupação com o ambiente físico relacionado à admissão hospitalar; 70% mostraram-se dispostas a ouvir as mulheres recebidas; 80% receberam as mulheres na posição ereta e, 60% das admissões hospitalares ocorreram com a presença de uma enfermeira e uma auxiliar de enfermagem. Alguns desses dados permitiram verificar que esses profissionais forneceram suporte às mulheres, mas ao mesmo tempo outros dados mostraram que estes mesmos profissionais se distanciaram de um cuidado capaz de contemplar os aspectos físicos, mentais e espirituais dessas mulheres. Pontua-se, a partir desta análise, a necessidade do estabelecimento da subjetividade no momento da internação como forma de identificação das necessidades das mulheres com câncer de mama. Para tanto, sugere-se a construção de um complemento para o protocolo de admissão hospitalar atualmente utilizado na enfermaria, onde os dados deste estudo foram coletados. / For existing few studies on the moment of the hospital internment for the accomplishment of the surgery for breast cancer, it was more good decided to understand this moment from the referencial of the theory of the social representations and the theory of coping, searching in a group of women the identification of the meaning of the necessary hospital admission for the accomplishment of the surgery. The collect of data was carried through in a composed sample for 10 women and the main involved professionals in its admissions. With the women were done participant observations with utilization of field notes and semi-structured interviews that were qualitative analyzed, and the professionals were observed with utilization of open-closed instrument, that was analyzed in a qualitative and quantitative way. In relation to the women, were identified these categories: loss of the breast, fear of the death, cure, care while return strategy the health and normal day. The strategies of coping identified were: physicians, God, herself, own believes, family, boyfriend, others that had passed for the same experience, courage, confidence, will-power, prayer, don’t think and stay together of joking people that are capable to pass good energy. The analyze of social representations and strategies of coping together showed that in 70% of participants were relation between the meaning attributed to he hospital admission and the strategies of coping used. The relation between social representations and strategies of coping showed that the categories: cure, holistic care and normal day were the most effective in the coping of hospital admission. The instrument used with the main professionals who had carried through the hospital admissions showed that 100% of these professionals were nurse; 90% had used the term preferential lady in the period where they had remained with the women; 100% had demonstrated concern with the related physical environment to the hospital admission; 70% had revealed made use to hear the received women; 80% had received the women in erect position e, 60% of the hospital admissions had occurred with the presence of a nurse and one nurse aid. Some of these data had allowed to verify that these professionals had supplied support to the women, but at the same time other data had shown that these same professionals were distant of a care capable to contemplate the physical aspects, mental and spirituals of these women. From this analyze the necessity of the establishment of subjectivity in the moment of admission is emphasized as form of identification of the necessities of the women with breast cancer. For this, it is suggested construction of a complement for the protocol of hospital admission currently used in the infirmary, where the data of this study had been collected.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:30:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Priscila Kei Sato.pdf: 358254 bytes, checksum: 661760eaa5579ff25220acb02640ad40 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-06-09 / After ample discussion in the Italian doctrine and case law, on June 19, 2009, Act n. 69 was passed in Italy and in its article 59 attempted to fill the gap about the connection between administrative and ordinary jurisdictions. The legislator did not adopt the translatio iudicii principle as it had been conceived for the cases in which the lack of jurisdiction is acknowledged, as per art 50 of the Italian Civil Procedure Code. In Brazil, both the translatio iudicii principle and resumption of procedure are part of the civil procedural system, although such terms are not expressly adopted. Procedures are resumed and the files are sent to competent court in cases in which relative and absolute lack of jurisdiction has been declared. In the first case, all former acts remain valid (including intermediate court orders) and in the second intermediate court orders are considered null and void while all other acts remain in effect. However, the existing rules under the Brazilian legislation are insufficient to cover every concrete case. Analyzing our case law, one observes that, often, the chosen path is dismissal without prejudice, instead of adopting the translatio iudicii and procedure resumption, based on unconstitutional grounds that infringe the principles of access to justice and reasonable duration of procedures. On the other hand, there is no thorough study about procedural effects (e.g., perpetuatio iurisdicionis and lis pendens) of the acts performed before the unqualified court. This study aims at analyzing the applicability of translatio iudicii and proceeding resumption under the Brazilian Civil Procedural Law on the evidence of constitutional principles; procedural and material effects of the acts performed before the unqualified court; and to propose solutions other than the ones provided in our case law / Após amplo debate na doutrina e Tribunais italianos, a respeito do princípio da translatio iudicii, em 19 de junho de 2009, foi publicada na Itália a Lei n. 69 que, em seu art. 59, preenche a lacuna sobre a comunicação entre a jurisdição administrativa e a ordinária. No Brasil, o princípio da translatio iudicii e a reassunção do processo fazem parte do sistema processual civil, sem que essas denominações sejam expressamente adotadas. Trata-se da reassunção do processo e remessa dos autos ao juízo competente, nos casos em que é declarada a incompetência relativa e a absoluta. Na primeira hipótese, há o aproveitamento de todos os atos (inclusive decisórios) e, na segunda, os atos de caráter decisório são considerados nulos e os demais são conservados. Ocorre, todavia, que as regras já previstas no ordenamento pátrio não são suficientes para resolver todos os casos concretos. Da análise da jurisprudência pátria, constata-se que, muitas vezes, opta-se por extinguir o processo sem resolução do mérito, ao invés de se adotar a translatio iudicii e a reassunção do processo, sob fundamentos inconstitucionais, que violam os princípios do acesso à justiça e da duração razoável do processo. Por outro lado, não há estudo aprofundado sobre os efeitos processuais (por exemplo, perpertuatio iurisdicionis e litispendência) e materiais (por exemplo, interrupção da decadência e prescrição) dos atos realizados perante o juízo considerado incompetente. Desse modo, o presente ensaio tem como escopo analisar a aplicabilidade da translatio iudicii e a reassunção do processo no direito processual civil brasileiro, à luz dos princípios constitucionais; os efeitos processuais e materiais dos atos realizados perante o juízo considerado incompetente e propor soluções diferentes das atualmente empregadas pela jurisprudência

Introdução: A internação psiquiátrica pode ser: voluntária; involuntária; compulsória. Esta última é determinada pela autoridade judicial não podendo ser questionada em seu aspecto legal, entretanto cabem questionamentos quanto aos aspectos técnicos e éticos. Objetivo: Discutir como a Equipe Multiprofissional de uma enfermaria psiquiátrica que vivencia o cuidado ao paciente em internação compulsória. Método: estudo de caso descritivo, compreensivo, por meio de pesquisa quantiqualitativa, no Serviço de Internação Psiquiátrica do Hospital de Clínicas Dr. Alberto Lima, no município de Macapá- AP. Participaram os servidores maiores de 18 anos, de ambos os sexos, de locais e níveis socioeconômicos variados e que assinaram o Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido. Coleta de dados: utilizou-se o questionário sociodemográfico e econômico e foram feitas entrevistas semiestruturadas. Foi realizado Grupo Focal (GF), em que se apresentaram os discursos elaborados, a fim de que, diante dos diferentes entendimentos, os discursos espontâneos analisados fossem apresentados aos entrevistados da equipe multiprofissional e, para isso, foi estabelecida uma conversa sobre a realidade vivenciada. Para o tratamento dos dados qualitativos, aplicou-se a técnica do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo (DSC); os dados quantitativos foram expressos pelo pacote Excel e analisados por meio do software Bioestat 5.3. Resultados: Destacaram-se características da Enfermaria Psiquiátrica e a caracterização sociodemográfica e clínica das internações. A equipe é predominantemente do sexo feminino, a maior parte trabalha em outros serviços e possui nível de escolaridade superior completo. A partir das entrevistas, emergiram os DSCs, apresentados por categoria, as ancoragens, vistas como desafios éticos identificados sob a ótica da vivência do cuidado. O estudo mostrou que há empatia dos profissionais com o sofrimento das mães e familiares das pessoas com transtornos mentais e que precisam internação compulsória e consideram que a internação compulsória é uma forma de tratamento, desde que bem indicada. Os participantes destacaram que a ordem médica deveria valer mais que a ordem judicial na determinação da internação compulsória. O Grupo Focal fez emergir as categorias: A difícil experiência do cuidar em internação involuntária/ compulsória; Incipiência da RAPS; Obstáculos para o cuidar de qualidade na internação compulsória e involuntária. Os desafios éticos de cuidar dos pacientes psiquiátricos internados contra a vontade foram revelados pelas ancoragens isoladas nos DSCs: os apenados são pessoas com comportamento inadequado; autoritarismo e paternalismo no tratamento da pessoa com transtorno mental; empatia com o sofrimento familiar; internação psiquiátrica compulsória amparada em sólida avaliação e indicação técnicas; judicialização da saúde e as questões éticas e técnicas desta prática; internação psiquiátrica é necessária, mas somente por avaliação da equipe técnica; justiça não tem poder para avaliar a pessoa se tem ou não indicação para a internação psiquiátrica. Considerações Finais: os profissionais, diante de fatos impositivos pela justiça nas internações psiquiátricas involuntárias/ compulsórias, elegem como prioridade o diálogo entre o Judiciário e os profissionais de saúde como caminho para um possível consenso entre esses segmentos, sem minimizar a responsabilidade de cada um, com o intuito único de prestar atenção adequada e com qualidade à pessoa envolvida no processo de internação compulsória. / Introduction: Psychiatric hospital admission can be: voluntary; involuntary; compulsory. The last one is legally enforced, it cannot be questioned in its legal aspect, however there can be questioning on technical and ethical issues. Objective: To discuss how the Multiprofessional Team of a Psychiatric Ward to experience a patients health care in compulsory hospitalization. Method: descriptive, comprehensive case study by means of quanti-qualitative research at the Psychiatric Admission Service of Hospital de Clínicas Dr. Alberto Lima in the municipality of Macapá Amapá State, Brazil. Male and female healthcare professionals over 18 years of age from varied places and socioeconomic status participated in the study, who signed the Free Informed Consent Form. Data collection: the questionnaire on economic and sociodemographic status was used, as well as semi-structured interviews were carried out. The Focus Group (FG) was held and the elaborated discourses were presented so that the analyzed spontaneous accounts, due to their different understandings, were presented to the participants of the multiprofessional team. Thus, a conversation on the experienced reality was established. The technique of the Discourse of the Collective Subject (DCS) was applied to analyze the qualitative data; quantitative data were expressed by the Excel package and analyzed by means of the Bioestat 5.3 software. Results: Psychiatric Nursing characteristics as well as the sociodemographic and clinical profile of the hospital admissions stood out. Females prevail in the team, most of them work in other services and have complete Higher Education level. From the interviews, the DCSs emerged, presented by category, the anchorages viewed as ethical challenges and identified in the light of lived caring. The study showed the empathy between the professionals and the suffering of mothers and family members of the mentally-ill who need compulsory hospital admission, and they consider it a way of treatment as long as it is well referred. The participants pointed out that a medical order should outstand a legal order in order to determine compulsory admission. The following categories emerged from the Focus Group: The hard experience of caring for the involuntary/compulsory admitted ones; The incipience of the Psychosocial Care Network; Obstacles for the quality care of those undergoing involuntary and compulsory hospital admission. The ethical challenges to care for psychiatric patients hospitalized against their will were unfolded by the isolated anchorages in the DCSs: the convicts are improperly behaved people; authoritarianism and patronizing in the treatment of people with mental disorders; empathy towards family suffering; compulsory psychiatric admission grounded in sound assessment and technical referral; healthcare judicialization and ethical and technical issues in this practice; psychiatric admission is necessary, but only if assessed by a technical team; justice has no power to assess whether a person can be referred to a psychiatric hospital admission or not. Final considerations: due to court orders for involuntary/compulsory hospital admissions, professionals find dialogue as the priority between judicial officers and healthcare professionals as a way for them to come to an agreement, without minimizing the responsibility of any parties, aiming at delivering proper and quality care to the person involved in the process of compulsory hospital admission.

Wen Er Ya Jane. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1995. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 130-134). / Table of contents --- p.ii / List of tables --- p.iv / List of figures --- p.vi / Abstract --- p.vii / Glossary of abbreviations --- p.ix / Acknowledgments --- p.x / Chapter CHAPTER 1 --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- DEFINITIONS AND CLASSIFICATIONS...............................Error! Bookmark not defined / Chapter 1.1.1 --- Classification of drug-related problems --- p.2 / Chapter 1.1.2 --- Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) --- p.2 / Chapter 1.1.3 --- Drug interactions (DI) --- p.7 / Chapter 1.1.4 --- Therapeutic failures (TF) --- p.8 / Chapter 1.1.5 --- Non-compliance --- p.10 / Chapter 1.1.6 --- Drug overdoses (DO) or drug poisonings --- p.11 / Chapter 1.1.7 --- Drug-related hospitalizations (DRH) --- p.12 / Chapter 1.1.8 --- Other relevant definitions --- p.13 / Chapter 1.2 --- LITERATURE REVIEW --- p.16 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- Adverse drug reactions --- p.16 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- Hospital admission due to ADRs --- p.18 / Chapter 1.2.3 --- Drug-related hospitalizations (DRH) --- p.22 / Chapter 1.2.4 --- Discussion --- p.24 / Chapter 1.3 --- PURPOSE OF THIS STUDY --- p.27 / Chapter CHAPTER 2 --- METHODS --- p.30 / Chapter 2.1 --- BACKGROUND --- p.30 / Chapter 2.2 --- DATA COLLECTION --- p.31 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- The patients --- p.31 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- The drug history --- p.31 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Patients knowledge of drugs they were taking --- p.33 / Chapter 2.2.4 --- Compliance --- p.33 / Chapter 2.2.5 --- Previous episodes of adverse drug reactions --- p.34 / Chapter 2.2.6 --- Diagnosis and outcome --- p.34 / Chapter 2.2.7 --- Laboratory Results --- p.34 / Chapter 2.2.8 --- Demographic characteristics of the patients --- p.35 / Chapter 2.2.9 --- The data sheet --- p.36 / Chapter 2.3. --- CASE REVIEW (REASSESSMENT) --- p.41 / Chapter 2.4 --- CODING OF DATA --- p.41 / Chapter 2.4.1 --- Coding of general data except diagnoses and drugs --- p.41 / Chapter 2.4.2 --- Coding of diagnoses --- p.42 / Chapter 2.4.3 --- Coding of drugs --- p.42 / Chapter 2.5 --- STATISTICAL ANALYSIS --- p.42 / Chapter CHAPTER 3 --- RESULTS --- p.43 / Chapter 3.1 --- THE PATIENTS --- p.43 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- Age and sex distributions --- p.43 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- Patients' ADL and living environments --- p.47 / Chapter 3.1.3 --- Baseline liver and renal function tests --- p.50 / Chapter 3.1.4 --- Diagnoses --- p.52 / Chapter 3.2 --- DRUG USE PRIOR TO ADMISSION --- p.54 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Overview --- p.54 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Consumption patterns for the prescribed drugs --- p.61 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Sources and durations for the prescribed drugs --- p.69 / Chapter 3.2.4 --- Consumption patterns for self-medications --- p.71 / Chapter 3.2.5 --- Source and duration of the self-medications --- p.73 / Chapter 3.2.6 --- Drug overdose patterns --- p.75 / Chapter 3.3 --- PATIENTS' KNOWLEDGE OF THE EFFECTS AND SIDE-EFFECTS OF DRUGS --- p.74 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Overview --- p.74 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Patients' knowledge of the effects of their prescribed drugs --- p.74 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Patients' knowledge of the side-effects of their prescribed drugs --- p.77 / Chapter 3.4 --- COMPLIANCE --- p.79 / Chapter 3.5 --- DRUG-RELATED HOSPITALIZATIONS (DRH) --- p.82 / Chapter 3.5.1 --- Overview --- p.82 / Chapter 3.5.2 --- Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) --- p.84 / Chapter 3.5.3 --- Outcome of ADRs --- p.98 / Chapter 3.5.4 --- "Therapeutic failures (Non-compliance, Inappropriate dose reduction)" --- p.100 / Chapter 3.5.5 --- Drug overdoses --- p.104 / Chapter CHAPTER 4 --- DISCUSSION --- p.106 / Chapter 4.1 --- ABOUT THE PATIENTS --- p.106 / Chapter 4.2 --- DISEASE PATTERNS AND DRUG CONSUMPTION PATTERNS --- p.107 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Diagnoses on admission --- p.107 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Drug consumption patterns --- p.109 / Chapter 4.2.3 --- About the sources and durations of the prescribed drugs --- p.112 / Chapter 4.2.4 --- About the self-medications --- p.113 / Chapter 4.3 --- ABOUT PATIENTS' KNOWLEDGE OF THE DRUGS --- p.114 / Chapter 4.4 --- ABOUT COMPLIANCE --- p.116 / Chapter 4.5 --- ABOUT ADRS AND DRUGS INTERACTIONS --- p.118 / Chapter 4.5.1 --- The incidence of ADRs --- p.118 / Chapter 4.5.2 --- The patterns of ADRs --- p.119 / Chapter 4.5.3 --- The drugs and ADRs --- p.119 / Chapter 4.5.4 --- Self-medications and ADRs --- p.121 / Chapter 4.5.5 --- The risk factors for ADRs --- p.122 / Chapter 4.5.6 --- Drug interactions --- p.125 / Chapter 4.6 --- ABOUT THERAPEUTIC FAILURES --- p.126 / Chapter 4.7 --- ABOUT DRUG OVERDOSES --- p.127 / Chapter 4.8 --- CONCLUSIONS --- p.128 / BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.130

by Kwok-Fai Mo. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1999. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 74-79). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 2 --- Statistical Modeling --- p.5 / Chapter 2.1 --- Poisson Regression --- p.5 / Chapter 2.2 --- Overdispersion and Autorrelation --- p.7 / Chapter 2.3 --- Generalized Estimating Equation --- p.9 / Chapter 2.4 --- Zeger's Mehthod --- p.12 / Chapter 2.5 --- Multicollinearity --- p.18 / Chapter 2.5.1 --- The Modified Generalized Estimating Equation --- p.18 / Chapter 2.6 --- Bootstrapping Method --- p.21 / Chapter 2.7 --- The Bootstrap Choice of Ridge Parameter --- p.23 / Chapter 3 --- The Robustness of Zeger's Approach to the Specification of ηt - Simulation Study --- p.26 / Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.26 / Chapter 3.2 --- Zeger's Algorithm with Varoious Time Series Data --- p.27 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Data without Multicollinearity --- p.27 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Data with Multicollinearity --- p.34 / Chapter 3.3 --- Modified Generalized Estimating Equation Approach --- p.40 / Chapter 3.3 --- The Choice of Ridge Paramter in Bootstrap --- p.42 / Chapter 4 --- Real Example --- p.46 / Chapter 4.1 --- Data Structure --- p.46 / Chapter 4.2 --- Model Building --- p.49 / Chapter 4.3 --- Single Pollutant Model --- p.57 / Chapter 4.4 --- Multiple Pollutant Model --- p.62 / Chapter 5 --- Conclusion and Discussion --- p.64 / Appendix --- p.69 / References --- p.74

General purpose operating systems have been designed to provide fast, loss-free disk service to all applications. However, multimedia applications are capable of tolerating some data loss, but are very sensitive to variation in disk service timing. Present research efforts to handle multimedia applications assume pessimistic disk behaviour when deciding to admit new multimedia connections so as not to violate the real-time application constraints. However, since multimedia applications are ``soft' real-time applications that can tolerate some loss, we propose an optimistic scheme for admission control which uses average case values for disk access. Typically, disk scheduling mechanisms for multimedia applications reduce disk access times by only trying to minimize movement to subsequent blocks after sequencing based on Earliest Deadline First. We propose to implement a disk scheduling algorithm that uses knowledge of the media stored and permissible loss and jitter for each client, in addition to the physical parameters used by the other scheduling algorithms. We will evaluate our approach by implementing our admission control policy and disk scheduling algorithm in Linux and measuring the quality of various multimedia streams. If successful, the contributions of this thesis are the development of new admission control and flexible disk scheduling algorithm for improved multimedia quality of service.

In this thesis we explore precision in measurement of buffer overflow and loss probability. We see how buffer overflow probability compares with queuing delay measurements covered in the literature. More specifically, we measure the overflow probability of a packet buffer for various sampling rates to see the effect of sampling rate on the estimation. There are various reasons for measurement in networks; one key context assumed here is Measurement Based Admission Control. We conduct simulation experiments with analytically derived VoIP and bursty traffic parameters, in Matlab, while treating the buffer under consideration as a two-state Markov Chain. We note that estimation error decreases with increase in sampling gap (or in other words precision improves/variance decreases with decrease in sampling rate). We then perform experiments for VoIP and bursty data using NS-2 simulator and record the buffer states generated therein. We see a similar trend of increase in precision with increase in sampling gap. In our simulations, we have mainly considered static traffic passing through the buffer, and we use elastic traffic (TCP) for comparison. We see from our results that the sampling error becomes constant beyond certain asymptotic level. We thus look into asymptotic error in estimation,for the lowest sampling gap, to establish a lower bound on estimation error for buffer loss probability measurement. We use formulae given in recent literature for computing the experimental and theoretic asymptotic variance of the buffer state traces in our scenarios. We find that the theoretical and experimental asymptotic variance of overflow probability match when sampling a trace of buffer states modelled as a two-state Markov Chain in Matlab. We claim that this is a new approach to computing the lower bound on the measurement of buffer overflow probability, when the buffer states are modelled as a Markov process. Using Markov Chain modelling for buffer overflow we further explore the relationship between sampling rate and accuracy. We find that there is no relationship between sampling gap and bias of estimation. Crucially we go on to show that a more realistic simulation of a packet buffer reveals that the distribution of buffer overflow periods is not always such as to allow simple Markov modelling of the buffer states; while the sojourn periods are exponential for the smaller burst periods, the tail of the distribution does not fit to the same exponential fitting. While our work validates the use of a two-state Markov model for a useful approximation modelling the overflow of a buffer, we have established that earlier work which relies on simple Markovian assumptions will thereby underestimate the error in the measured overflow probabilities.