Yes / Transitioning to adulthood is a fundamental yet challenging phase in human development. Despite its relevance, the literature has paid little attention to the impact that transitioning to adulthood has on multiple aspects of individual well-being. This is one of the few attempts that has employed a sequential explanatory mixed-methods study to explore how the path to adulthood impacted on the psychological and overall well-being of Italian young adults. In the quantitative phase, we employed two-step cluster analysis to assign 45 young adults, who had completed the Italian I COPPE scale of multidimensional well-being, to three clusters based on their level of change in psychological and overall well-being. Results from mixed design ANCOVA revealed that participants belonging to the high change cluster showed the highest significant positive change over time with respect to well-being. In the qualitative phase, 17 individuals took part in focalized narrative interviews, which aimed at exploring significant events, barriers, and facilitators, which had impacted on their well-being during the transition to adulthood. The textual material was analysed through the Grounded Theory Methodology. It emerged that the state of transition was associated with some triggering events and a temporary negative impact on the interviewees' well-being. However, findings also revealed that people assigned to different clusters had put in place or learned several resources, skills, and copying strategies, which led to different transitional and well-being outcomes.

Draugystė yra abipusis, savanoriškas ryšys, iš kurio nariai tikisi intymumo, draugijos ir jautrumo (Kenny, 1994). Draugystės kokybė yra pagrindinis elementas apibūdinantis draugystę ir jį lengva empiriškai įvertinti. M. J. Mendelson ir F.E. Aboud (1999) tai apibūdina kaip draugystės funkcijas, kurias turi atlikti draugas. Yra šešios draugystės funkcijos: įkvepianti draugija, pagalba, intymumas, patikima sąjunga, savęs patvirtinimas ir emocinis saugumas. Pastaraisiais metais išaugo susidomėjimas pozityviais psichologinio funkcionavimo aspektais, taip pat ir psichologine gerove. Viena iš naujausių psichologinės gerovės sampratų yra daugiaaspektis modelis, kurį sukūrė C. Ryff su kolegomis. Jie išskyrė šešis psichologinės gerovės aspektus: savęs priėmimas, teigiami santykiai su kitais, savarankiškumas, aplinkos valdymas, gyvenimo tikslas ir asmenybės augimas (Lindfors et. al., 2006a). Tarpasmeniniai santykiai daro įtaką suaugusiųjų psichologinei gerovei (Ryff, Heidrich, 1997), bet dar mažai žinoma, kaip ją veikia draugystės kokybė. Šio darbo tyrimo tikslas – išanalizuoti draugystės kokybės ir psichologinės gerovės ypatumus ankstyvame ir vidutiniame brandžiame amžiuje. Tyrime dalyvavo 128 ankstyvojo (amžiaus vidurkis 25,53 metų) ir vidutinio (amžiaus vidurkis 45,04 metų) brandaus amžiaus tiriamieji. Visi tiriamieji atsakė į klausimus apie save ir savo geriausią draugą/draugę, užpildė McGill draugystės klausimyną-draugo funkcijos, McGill draugystės klausimyną-respondento palankumas... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Friendship is a mutual, voluntary relationship from which members expect intimacy, companionship, and responsiveness (Kenny, 1994). Friendship quality is considered as an essential element that describes friendship and it is easy to assess empirically. According to M. J. Mendelson and F.E. Aboud (1999) it is defined as friendship functions that the friend should to fulfill. There are six friendship functions: stimulating companionship, help, intimacy, reliable alliance, self-validation and emotional security. In the last few years there has been an increasing interest in the positive aspects of psychological functioning, including psychological well-being. A recent conceptualization of psychological well-being is the multidimensional model proposed by C. Ryff and coworkers. They distinguished six core dimensions of psychological well-being: self-acceptance, positive relations with others, autonomy, environmental mastery, purpose in life, and personal growth (Lindfors et. al., 2006a). Interpersonal relationships contribute to adult’s psychological well-being (Ryff, Heidrich, 1997), but yet little is known about how friendship quality affects the psychological well-being. The aim of the study presented in this work was to examine the different aspects of friendship quality and psychological well-being in early and middle adulthood. The sample consisted of 75 young adults (average age 25,53 years) and 53 middle age adults (average age 45,04 years). All respondents completed... [to full text]

The presented dissertation focuses on the process of transition into adulthood through the eyes of young people and the eyes of their mothers. The research study is based on the theory of J.J. Arnett, who identified a new development period "emerging adulthood" [Arnett, 1998]. We use three different perspectives to look at the process of transition into the adulthood: Developmental psychological, sociological and cultural-anthropological. Description of each period associated with the transition to adulthood is extended by the context of a family in which a young person is raised, and by a culture in which the person grows. By introducting these three perspectives in the first part we are creating a theoretical framework for the empirical part of our work. In the empirical part the qualitative study is presented. As the research method semistructured in-depth interview with young Czechs and their mothers was used. Our goal was to understand the perception of the notion of adulthood by young people aged 18 to 30 years and the way they describe their own process of transition into the adulthood. We wanted to determine whether young Czechs show signs of "emerging adulthood." We were also interested in how the relationship between a mother and her offspring, the upbringing, and the cultural context influence...

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This study examined perceptions of adulthood and associations with identity status development among college students in Canada and the United States.

Title: Training and performance swimmers international level in juniors, seniors and masters Objectives: The main aim of the thesis is to evaluate swimmers performance and its development during the period of competitive swimming and in the masters category in free style discipline. Particular aims are: to record and evaluate performance and training load in competitive swimming and masters category, to record swimmer's opinion on his/her sport activity and determine his/her sport anamnesis. Methods: In our thesis, we have applied a hybrid type of research, in which we have used both quantitative and qualitative investigation of the selected topic. The quantitative part of the thesis was based on studies of documents and interviews. Data obtained was analyzed and interpreted by using descriptive statistics and tabular and graphic visualization. The methods of observations and interviews were used in the qualitative part of the research to explain sport anamnesis of the swimmer. The investigation was carried out in the competition season of 2011/2012. Results: Result presented demonstrate that even with a lower volume of training and in spite of aging, it is possible to achieve performance approaching the performance of sport swimmers during their top season. The sport anamnesis of swimmers...

Background. Suicide in China now is recognized as a major public health challenge. It is distinctively associated with a preponderance of more deaths in women than men, and heavy burdens among rural youth and young adults. Although there are accumulating data regarding the epidemiology of suicide, there are only meager data on suicidal ideation and attempts. Determining whether risk factors for attempted suicide and suicidal ideation are similar to those for suicide will contribute to formulating future prevention efforts. / Discussion and conclusions. Our results uncovered, despite coming from a national population with a relatively elevated risk for death by suicide, a prevalence of suicidal ideation and attempts that is comparable to internationally reported data. The overall pattern of correlates for ideation, planning, and attempts was similar in many respects to those reported for completed suicide within the same population, on the perspective of demographic distribution. We consider the contexts for these findings, including the potential impacts of rapid urbanization and large numbers of migrant workers. Our results underscored the significance of depression as a major risk factor for suicidal morbidity. In addition, a number of socio-cultural factors were also vital. Findings from this study helped to shed light on the factors associated with suicidal morbidity in China. The most important lesson is that both psychopathological and sociocultural factors affect suicide morbidity in China, with more traits in the sociocultural domain surviving the final analysis. It reminds researchers that when looking at Chinese suicide, the endeavor should not be limited to psychopathology and the puzzle of why the rates of depression among Chinese suicide were lower than other countries. Instead, socio-cultural components should be paid equal attention. This is especially helpful for suicide prevention efforts in communities or from the public health perspective, for example, that attitude toward suicide (an important associate of suicidal morbidity in China based on our data) is possible to change under the movement of public education. The treatment for depression can only reach clinical samples, yet most of people who die by suicide come instead from communities. Local knowledge is essential as the profile of risks might differ markedly from other countries such as alcohol use and religiosity. / Findings. 1654 subjects, 98% of those approached and 55% of the enumerated potential subjects were interviewed. Among the unapproachable subjects with demographic profile gathered (n=995), 77% (n=811) were unobtainable because they were migrant workers. Lifetime and one-year prevalence data included: Any suicidal ideation -- 18.8%, 5.2%, respectively; serious ideation -- 8.7%, 2.3%; planning -- 5.7%, 1.5%; and attempt -- 2.8%, 0.5%. Comparisons among strata of demographic characteristics showed more prevalent suicidal ideation and attempts associated with female gender, lower education, lower income, farmers, greater rurality of residence, and having never married or "other" married. There was a higher prevalence of suicide ideation, but not for suicide attempt, among students. High risks of suicidality were also found in those with a higher score of depressive symptoms in the past two weeks, with positive screening of major depression or dysthymia, higher score of neuroticism. Poor quality of life and lower life satisfaction increased the risk for suicidality, but the impact was secondary to depression. Many socio-cultural factors that have not been elucidated in previous research were found to be associated with suicidality, including attitude toward suicide, reasons for living, violence exposure, religiosity, and exposure to completed suicide, aside from the number of life events. Surprisingly, alcohol use is not harmful, in fact, is potentially beneficial; and having a religion is a risk factor instead of being protective as observed in most countries. / Methods. This was a cross-sectional community survey of all available individuals, ages 16-34 years, of 10 randomly selected villages in the Mianyang Region, Sichuan Province. Each participated in face-to-face interviews with structured questionnaires regarding indicators of suicidal morbidity, a range of sociodemographic characteristics, as well as psychopathological and socio-cultural features. We report the lifetime and one-year prevalence of suicidal ideation, planning, and attempts among the youth and young adults of these communities, and their demographic, psychopathological, and social-cultural correlates. / Dai, Jing. / Adviser: Helen F.K. Chiu. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 70-06, Section: B, page: 3777. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 164-179). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / School code: 1307.

<p>Syftet med studien har varit att ta reda på de idéer som unga vuxna (18-24 år) med psykiskt funktionshinder har kring hur en sysselsättningsverksamhet skulle vara uppbyggd och om det är möjligt att någon form av organiserad verksamhet kan hjälpa dem i övergången till vuxenlivet. Metoden som användes var en kvalitativ intervjustudie. Urvalet var fem personer, tre män och två kvinnor, som har kontakt med Stockholms läns landstings öppenpsykiatriska mottagning eller Täby kommuns socialpsykiatriska enhet. Teoretiska utgångspunkter har varit symbolisk interaktionism. I studien kan utläsas att det är viktigt för gruppen unga vuxna med psykiskt funktionshinder att få möjlighet till ett socialt liv utanför hemmet. Några känner sig ensamma med sin problematik, men menar att det skulle gå lättare om de fick stöd och hjälp att ta sig vidare av någon som förstår deras problematik och kan finnas till hands när de behöver extra stöd. Ett resultat är att de unga vuxna tycker det är av vikt att få stöd med studier och arbete i övergången till vuxenlivet och att det inom dessa verksamheter finns människor som tar hänsyn till deras funktionshinder. Ytterligare ett resultat visar att de unga vuxna upplever att det är svårt att få den hjälp de behöver. Slutsatsen är att det behövs ett närmare samarbete mellan landsting och kommun, kanske i en ny organisation som skulle kunna erbjuda både medicinska och rehabiliterande åtgärder för att kunna erbjuda unga vuxna en bra verksamhet. En sådan verksamhet skulle även kunna inrymma samarbete med övriga aktörer som arbetsförmedling, försäkringskassa, gymnasium och högskola.</p>

Syftet med studien har varit att ta reda på de idéer som unga vuxna (18-24 år) med psykiskt funktionshinder har kring hur en sysselsättningsverksamhet skulle vara uppbyggd och om det är möjligt att någon form av organiserad verksamhet kan hjälpa dem i övergången till vuxenlivet. Metoden som användes var en kvalitativ intervjustudie. Urvalet var fem personer, tre män och två kvinnor, som har kontakt med Stockholms läns landstings öppenpsykiatriska mottagning eller Täby kommuns socialpsykiatriska enhet. Teoretiska utgångspunkter har varit symbolisk interaktionism. I studien kan utläsas att det är viktigt för gruppen unga vuxna med psykiskt funktionshinder att få möjlighet till ett socialt liv utanför hemmet. Några känner sig ensamma med sin problematik, men menar att det skulle gå lättare om de fick stöd och hjälp att ta sig vidare av någon som förstår deras problematik och kan finnas till hands när de behöver extra stöd. Ett resultat är att de unga vuxna tycker det är av vikt att få stöd med studier och arbete i övergången till vuxenlivet och att det inom dessa verksamheter finns människor som tar hänsyn till deras funktionshinder. Ytterligare ett resultat visar att de unga vuxna upplever att det är svårt att få den hjälp de behöver. Slutsatsen är att det behövs ett närmare samarbete mellan landsting och kommun, kanske i en ny organisation som skulle kunna erbjuda både medicinska och rehabiliterande åtgärder för att kunna erbjuda unga vuxna en bra verksamhet. En sådan verksamhet skulle även kunna inrymma samarbete med övriga aktörer som arbetsförmedling, försäkringskassa, gymnasium och högskola.

The unsatisfactory achievement of adult competency among emerging adults aging out of foster care is well documented. However few studies have examined how development within the child welfare system impacts the ability to achieve competence. In this study, homeless emerging adults who had not aged out of foster care were compared to peers who were homeless and aged out of foster care. The child welfare system is a unique environment with its own policies. In order to better understand the process of development within the child welfare system, the current study used life course developmental theory to understand how the child welfare system affects the development of children and their ability to achieve competencies. Specifically, the role of learned helplessness in influencing the developmental trajectory of children aging out of foster care was examined. The data were collected utilizing participatory action research methods and the use of this methodology among homeless emerging adults is explored. The current study analyzes data collected by the Texas Network of Youth Services. The study examined issues surrounding the transition to adulthood among homeless emerging adults using a participatory action research methodology. The sample included emerging adults 18 to 25 years old who were homeless (n=134). A subset of the sample aged out of foster care. The results indicated that, 1) homeless emerging adults who have not aged out of foster care may be an appropriate comparison group for those who have aged out, 2) homeless emerging adults who aged out of foster care were more likely to have a perception of learned helplessness that may impede their ability to achieve adult competency when compared to those who did not age out of foster care, and 3) despite receiving services to prepare them for adulthood, homeless emerging adults who aged out of foster care had just as much difficulty achieving adult competency as their homeless peers who did not receive these services. Finally, results showed that the use of participatory action research among homeless emerging adults may be a promising approach for future research. Participants expressed feeling empowered and having perceptions that indicated self-efficacy. This indicated that this type of methodology may be promising in altering perceptions of learned helplessness. / text