O presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a evolução e os determinantes participação da agropecuária nos países da América do Sul (Argentina, Bolívia, Brasil, Chile, Colômbia, Equador, Guiana, Paraguai, Peru, Suriname, Uruguai e Venezuela) no período de 1960 até 2014, com foco nos anos a partir de 1990. Buscou-se avaliar por meio de modelos econométricos os determinantes da participação da agropecuária no crescimento econômico desses países de 1990 até 2014. Para tanto, considerou-se as vantagens comparativas dos países sul-americanos, levando em conta a disponibilidade de terras e a formação geológica desses países. A disponibilidade de capital e trabalho, outros fatores de produção além das terras, também foram incluídas na análise da evolução do setor agropecuário nos países supracitados. Analisou-se também a produção e balança comercial agrícola e pecuária desses países, importantes variáveis macroeconômicas de desempenho da atividade agropecuária. Outro ponto importante do trabalho é a comparação entre os dados de participação da renda de mineração e petróleo no PIB dos países da América do Sul com a participação da agropecuária nesse PIB, dando atenção especial à análise dessas participações na primeira década dos anos 2000. Os resultados obtidos na dissertação mostram que a Argentina, o Brasil, o Paraguai e o Uruguai (considerados como primeiro grupo) possuem inclinação para o setor agropecuário, apesar de que os dois primeiros países citados nesse grupo apresentarem relevante participação da mineração e do petróleo na renda desses países. Por outro lado, a Bolívia, o Chile, a Colômbia, o Equador, a Guiana, o Peru, o Suriname e a Venezuela, apresentaram aumento da participação dos setores de mineração e/ou petróleo em seus PIBs após os anos de 2000 e queda após a crise de 2008. Por fim, as regressões econométricas desenvolvidas comprovam que a participação da agropecuária no PIB dos países da América do Sul (com exceção da Argentina, da Guiana, do Suriname e da Venezuela) depende positivamente da relação entre preços agropecuários e preços não agropecuários. Há indícios de que essa relação depende inversamente da produtividade do setor industrial e positivamente da própria produtividade do setor agropecuário. / The purpose of this study is to analyze the evolution of agriculture in the countries of South America (Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Uruguay and Venezuela) after the 1960s until 2014, focusing on the years from 1990. We pursue to evaluate through econometric models the determinants of agriculture\'s contribution to economic growth in these countries from 1990 until 2014. It was analyzed the comparative advantages of the South American countries, considering the land resources and geological formation of the countries. The availability of the resources capital and labor, other factors of production in addition to the land, were also included in the analysis of the evolution of the agricultural sector in the countries mentioned above. Another topic of this research is the agricultural production, agricultural and livestock trade balance in these countries, relevant macroeconomic variables that measure the performance of agricultural activity. Another point of the study is the comparison between the participation of mining and oil income in the GDP of the South American countries with the participation of agriculture and livestock in this GDP, paying special attention to the analysis of these participations in the first decade of the 2000s. This analysis proves that Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay (considered as the first group) are inclined to the agricultural sector, although the first two countries mentioned in this group present a significant participation of mining and oil in the income Countries. On the other hand, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Peru, Suriname and Venezuela showed an increase in the share of mining and / or petroleum sectors in their GDPs after the After the crisis of 2008. Finally, the developed econometric regressions show that the share of agriculture in GDP of South American countries (except Guyana, Suriname and Venezuela) depends on positively the relationship between agricultural prices and non-agricultural prices and the actual productivity of these sectors. There are indications of that this relationship depends inversely on the productivity of the industrial sector and positively on the productivity of the agricultural sector.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T16:45:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Crisomar Lobo de Souza.pdf: 357353 bytes, checksum: 44199326b8821dd3de0b0e7fac6d2ce8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-05-24 / The goal of this study was to identify how innovation contributes as specific advantage within the context of the eclectic paradigm. In the search for international market various factors influence the entry mode. The decision of a foreign investment in this new market is related to a company's strategy that can be by profitability or other interests. Innovation as a specific advantage of company can contribute to internationalization. This research, a case study was conducted in a Brazilian subsidiary of a company in the IT industry. We performed a qualitative study conducted in-depth interview with one of the top executives of the Brazilian subsidiary. Secondary sources were also used. In the interview, we sought data on the internationalization process, to characterize the internal process of innovation and how innovation has generated specific advantages. The analysis of the survey was confronted with the theoretical basis sustained by the eclectic paradigm, which sought to innovation as specific advantage. The results showed that innovation was one of the factors that influenced the process of internationalization of the company / O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar como a inovação contribui como vantagem específica dentro do contexto do paradigma eclético. Na busca pelo mercado internacional diversos fatores influenciam o modo de entrada das empresas. A decisão de um investimento externo neste novo mercado está relacionada a uma estratégia da empresa que pode ser pela lucratividade ou outros interesses. A inovação como uma vantagem específica da empresa pode contribuir para a internacionalização. Esta pesquisa, um estudo de caso, foi realizada em uma subsidiária brasileira de uma empresa na área de TI. Foi realizada uma pesquisa qualitativa com entrevista em profundidade realizada com um dos principais executivos da subsidiária brasileira. Também foram utilizadas fontes secundárias. Na entrevista, buscou-se dados referentes ao processo de internacionalização, a caracterização do processo interno de inovação e como a inovação gerou vantagens específicas. A análise da pesquisa foi confrontada com a base teórica sustentada pelo paradigma eclético, onde buscou-se a inovação como vantagem específica. Os resultados mostraram que a inovação foi um dos fatores que influenciaram no processo de internacionalização da empresa

By increasing the volume and complexity of datasets, Visual Data Mining (VDM), new visualization techniques evolved and new techniques released. However, some of these techniques performing well and cover all expectations; the others failed to save their positions. The main issue of such techniques is problem dependency.In this study, after a short description about necessity of Visual Data Mining techniques, I will provide a classified review of previous researches. This will result in a deep understanding as well as simple accessibility to previous researches, in a concise manner. This will facilitate the extraction of the specifications of 3D visualization technique and will provide a comprehensive knowledge of this technique in a classified manner. After that, all possible combination of 3D visualization technique will review.3D Visualization technique as a popular technique is a concrete foundation for visualization of multi-dimensional datasets, but it has some limitations. To overcome these limitations, previous studies in literature as well as the experiences of professionals will gather. The results will prove the theoretical findings as well as offering new hybrid techniques (combination with 3D visualization and other visual data mining techniques).The contribution of professionals will empower and complement the results of this study, as they can address solutions for the weaknesses of 3D Visualization technique in their business which is new combination of techniques. These combinations of techniques will create the basis for future researches in order to discover new limitations and provide solutions to overcome by use of hybrid techniques. / Program: Magisterutbildning i informatik

PROJECT OF FOOTBALL YOUTH ACADEMY OF SK SLAVIA PRAGUE Objectives: The main aim of this work is to build the project of football youth academy of SK Slavia Prague. This project is based on already applied and successful models of foreign youth academies. It is based on the potential of human resources, talent identification and development and regular improvement of material and immaterial conditions. Methods: As the methods were used case study and qualitative analysis. Case study method was applied for research of current trends and models used in the football environment and method of analysis in identifying the key pillars of effective and successful football youth academies. Results: The project of youth academy of football club SK Slavia Prague was built. Model of this project is based on the use of strategy, human resources, structure, reward system, the use of sports science, business processes, education, allocation of financial capital, innovations and projects and professional environment. Keywords: sport, development, talent, management, education, competitive advantages

Small business owners in the construction materials industry play a significant role in economic development through gross domestic product and employment. However, like other small business owners, many owners of small businesses in the construction materials industry close their businesses within 5 years. The purpose of this multiple case study grounded in the resource-based theory was to explore the strategies that owners of small businesses in the construction materials industry operating in Tanzania used to sustain business for longer than 5 years. Data were collected using semistructured interviews with 4 purposefully selected owners of small businesses in the construction materials industry and a review of daily sales records, weekly sales reports, and audited accounts. Member checking and triangulation were used to strengthen the credibility and trustworthiness of the interpretation of data and information. Data analysis involved coding and thematic analysis. Themes were categorized into business establishment strategies, customer satisfaction and retention strategies, and other sustainability strategies. Findings from this study may contribute to social change by providing information on mechanisms for improving business performance; reducing the risk of failure; and creating sustainable, better-paying jobs that can increase the well-being of business owners, employees, their families, and communities.

This study is a first of its kind for New Zealand journalism education, following 20 students at two different schools throughout a year-long training programme. It used two methods to gain a deeper understanding: a discourse analysis of their news stories written at the beginning, in the middle and at the end of the year, and retrospective protocol analysis, to provide insight into their thinking processes, through their taped reflections. The research found that journalism education controlled by the New Zealand Journalists Training Organisation still resembles that of 20 years ago, despite increasing numbers of students learning journalism as part of degree programmes. Students are trained for the media industry through learning by doing. They receive basic instruction and then are expected to perfect their skills by practising their writing and to learn the conventions and routines of the media industry through socialisation and work experience. In the first half of the year, the students developed some skills in writing the traditional inverted-pyramid news stories. However, by the end of the year, their news writing showed technical signs of regression. Firstly, they were not writing in a succinct, clear fashion, emphasising news values. Secondly, they had been inadequately trained to write outside of the inverted-pyramid news story or to use popular “soft” lead sentences, so that their writing tended towards being promotional. Thirdly, journalism institutions strongly favour subediting by tutors and this detracted from the students gaining understanding of their own writing and being able to self-monitor and evaluate it. Lastly, they failed to show the critical thinking skills and independence necessary for a professional journalist so that they could research thoroughly, reflect deeply and write entertaining, informative and important news stories with flair. Their reflections confirmed these findings, suggesting some stress and disillusionment. The students could “declare” what they knew about writing a news story but could not put it into practice. They blamed their failure to write high quality news stories on the pressures of the course, the deadlines and high volumes of stories. The gaps in their journalism education were also revealed through what was not mentioned in their taped reflections: in particular, they failed to mention the importance of news values in making their stories more appealing. The major influence at first was the students’ tutors, followed by work experience and the “real world” of the media industry. The concentration on job skills and gaining a job coupled with a lack of knowledge and discussion provided the students with an incomplete understanding of the pressures of the media industry they were entering. The study recommends more debate about journalism education and more research, as well as a change away from “learning by doing” to a more critical, reflective approach.

Information security technologists and business scholars are motivated by a desire to understand how and to what extent the application of IT within enterprise systems leads to improved and secured organizational performance. An effective relationship between business and IT professionals is a primary determinant of success in gaining business advantage through the enterprise system. As business innovation has relied increasingly on partnerships between business and IT professional, a different perspective of how IT professionals view their organizational contributions was needed for organizations to remain competitive. Business knowledge is essential if IT professionals are to create linkages with other organizational units and have a wider perspective about business objectives, thus achieving fit between IT and organizational strategies. Organizations have started responding to this challenge by demanding more business acumen in their IT staff. The focus of this study is on the knowledge that is beyond that of independent business and IT only domain knowledge of information security. Therefore, technical areas of knowledge, such as hardware and software, all of which are closely associated with IT skills, are not discussed in this thesis. This is not to declare that such knowledge is not important. Clearly technical knowledge is part of the IT professional's overall information security technology expertise, but this study is about the organization proficiency of business and the IT professional, and is therefore interested in what enables business and IT professionals to apply their business domain and technical knowledge in ways that are beneficial to the organization and to act cooperatively with their customers and business partners. The purpose of this study is to employ the triangulation method to identify the theoretical links and empirically examine the association between business and IT perspective of information security. An important contribution of this study is the identification of business and IT perspectives on information security technology. By establishing the link between business and IT, the study focuses and evaluates Virtual Private Network (VPN) as an information security technology to find out if VPN can secure and gain competitive advantage by partisan business process and organization performance. This study articulates distinctive characteristics of Virtual Private Network and management processes that extend the range of applicability across diverse business segments. It distinguishes between business and IT and explains why the exploitation of a complementary set of related information security entities (such as VPN) across multiple functions create competitive vi advantages even across a diverse set of businesses that have limited opportunity to exploit business process and organization performance. The most important direct predictor of this study is a high level of communication between business and IT. However, one cannot mandate meaningful communication between individuals. IT people have to earn the right to play a meaningful role in management forums. Based on the findings from this study, one important way for an IT person to be heard is for him/her to devote the time necessary to create competitive advantage and develop shared domain knowledge, the most influential construct in the research model. An IT person needs to understand the leverage points of the industry, the history and current issues of the business units, and to learn to apply business oriented objectives in the application of technology to business problems. This change in view would help focus their attention on security technology and ideas that could produce the most benefit and create competitive advantage, rather than those that offer the most technical promise.

<p>Program: MIMA student – International business and Entrepreneurship</p><p>Course name: Master Thesis (EFO705)Title: Imitation as Organization’s StrategyAuthors: Voravej AssavapisitkulSataporn Bukkavesa</p><p>Supervisor: Sven-Åke NyströmProblem: Does imitation really benefit organization?</p><p>Purpose: The authors are writing this topic because the authors feel that this topic is not widely been investigated, moreover, it is a very interesting topic for the authors. According to the course literatures that the authors have read, the authors perceived that most of them focused on innovation and seems like they ignored or mentioned little on the topic of imitation and how can imitation benefits organization. Therefore, the authors are personally interested in the topic. The authors hope that the readers would gain more knowledge on the topic and would be able to apply with their business or study.</p><p>Method: Interpretivist; Documentary; Interview</p><p>Summary: In this Master Thesis, the authors have discussed several dimensions of imitation with examples. First, the authors discussed about imitation during the early stage of industrialization with the examples in Korea. This topic discussed of the opportunity provided through imitation process for the new firms to be able to catch up and compete with experienced firms. The next topic is on unique capability. Firms can apply imitation as their own capability that can prevent others’ imitation, moreover, they can become successful in the new market. Then the authors found that there are ways to imitate other firms’ knowledge legally in the form of strategic alliances. In the topic of creation of strategic alliances, the authors suggested four patterns of engagement that firms can select according to their objectives. Under the topic of firms experience, there are some empirical data supported that the degree of imitation has negative relationship with firms’ experience curve. Moreover, the authors discussed about the how competitors’ actions affect the firms to select different strategy of organization management in the topic of the choice of alliances and mergers and acquisitions by competitor’s move. Then the authors discussed about how successful were the imitations by reverse-engineering implemented by Korea’s electronics industry. Furthermore, the authors also provide examples of imitations in other industries. The next topic is limitation and prevention on imitation. Then the authors provided the reasons why do firms imitate. Moreover, the authors discussed about the factors that affect the speed of imitation process and show how the speed of imitation related to benefits and losses of the firms. Next, the authors suggested some successful strategies for product imitation. Then the authors discussed about the drawbacks of imitation with some examples. Finally, the authors provided the results and analysis of the interviews as primary data collection to show the success of firms that implemented imitations, people’s attitudes toward imitation, and the degree that originality and product origin can limit imitation.</p>

<p>Bakgrund: Klusterbegreppet introducerades under 1900-talet, men fenomenet erkändes redan under tidigt 1900-tal. Trots att marknaderna idag blir mer globaliserade, är klusterbegreppet fortfarande aktuellt. Som exempel på områden som kännetecknas av starka länkar mellan företagen kan Silicon Valley och Sophia-Antipolis nämnas, även kända som ”Industriella Hollywoods”.</p><p>Syfte: Syftet med denna uppsats är att analysera interaktioner mellan aktörer inom ett lokalt ”Industriellt Hollywood” – Mjärdevi Science Park. Hur förhåller sig aktörerna till fördelar med att befinna sig inom ett närområde, i hur stor utsträckning utnyttjas dessa agglomerationsmöjligheter och varför?</p><p>Metod: Denna studie är baserad på djupintervjuer med sexton företagsrepresentanter från Mjärdevi Science Park och en professor från Linköpings Universitet.</p><p>Resultat: Aktörerna verkar vara medvetna om vilka agglomerationsfördelar som föreligger, dock utnyttjas dessa inte i någon större utsträckning. Störst kontakt har aktörerna på det sociala planet, tack vare en gemensam bakgrund samt ihärdiga försök från Mjärdevi Science Park AB:s sida att initiera kontakt mellan företagen.</p> / <p>Background: Porter introduced the concept of clusters in the 1990’s, but the phenomenon has been acknowledged since the beginning of the 20th century. In spite of the fact that markets are becoming increasingly more global today, the concept of clusters is still very much alive. Regional agglomerations of companies, commonly referred to as clusters, are exemplified by so- called ”Industrial Hollywoods”, such as Silicon Valley and Sophia-Antipolis. Purpose: We are intrigued by this paradox development of the markets and want to analyse interactions between actors within the local ”Industrial Hollywood” – Mjärdevi Science Park. This in order to find out whether these actors recognise any advantages of being located in a cluster of companies and to what extent agglomeration possibilities are exploited. Research Method: This study is based on interviews with sixteen actors from companies located in Mjärdevi Science Park, and one professor from Linköping University. We have also used secondary sources. Result: The actors recognise advantages to company agglomerations but do not seem to exploit these advantages to a great extent. However, several of the actors are in some way inter-connected, mostly on a social level due to common backgrounds and continuous attempts by Mjärdevi Science Park AB to initiate contact between companies.</p>

<p>Strategy and IT research has been extensively discussed during the past 40 years. Two scientific disciplines Management Science (MS) and Management Information Science (MIS) investigate the importance of IT as a competitive factor. However, although much research is available in both disciplines, it is still difficult to explain how to manage IT to enable competitive advantages. One reason is that MS research focuses on strategies and competitive environments but avoids the analysis of IT. Another reason is that MIS research focuses on IT as a competitive factor but avoids the analysis of the competitive environment. Consequently, there is a gap of knowledge in the understanding of the strategic management of information technology (SMIT).</p><p>The strategic analysis of IT as a competitive factor is important for achieving the competitive advantages of IT. This thesis explores factors related to strategy and IT that should be considered for the strategic analysis of IT as a competitive factor, and proposes a framework for SMIT. The research is conducted by means of a qualitative analysis of theoretical data from the disciplines of MS and MIS. Data is explored to find factors related to SMIT.</p><p>The results of the analysis show that the strategic management of information technology is a continuous process of evaluation, change, and alignment between factors such as competitive environment, competitive strategies (business and IT strategies), competitive outcome, and competitive factors (IT). Therefore, the understanding of the relationships between these factors is essential in order to achieve the competitive advantages of using IT.</p><p>This thesis contributes to strategic management research by clarifying the relationships between strategic management, competitive environment, and IT as competitive factor into a holistic framework for strategic analysis. The framework proposed is valuable not only for business managers and for IT managers, but also for academics. The framework is designed to understand the relationship between competitive elements during the process of strategic analysis prior to the formulation of competitive strategies. Moreover, it can also be used as a communication tool between managers, in order to achieve alignment among company strategies. To academics, this thesis presents the state-of-the-art related to strategic management research; it can also be a valuable reference for strategic managers, as well as researchers interested in the strategic management of IT.</p> / Report code: LiU-Tek-Lic.2006:53.