Certain measures of aerobic power have been shown to have a high relationship with endurance performance. Critical power (CP) has also been shown to be well correlated to endurance performance, but few studies have evaluated its use in a competitive scenario. In this study, cardiorespiratory-metabolic measures were evaluated in 13 highly trained cyclists to determine their relationship to performance in a 17 km time trial. Critical power, determined from the nonlinear power-time model, was also evaluated to determine its relationship to performance in a 17 km time trial. Results indicate that the traditional indicators of V02max and ventilatory anaerobic threshold were well correlated to TT performance (r=-0.86, r=-0.79, respectively). The principal finding from this study was that performance in a bicycle time trial is related to CP at least as well as to cardiorespirator-ymetabolic measures. In fact, the results fromthis study suggest that the relationship between performance and CP is stronger (r=-0.89). Use of the critical power concept is attractive because testing requires only a cycle ergometer and a stopwatch to estimate a parameter of aerobic fitness.

Abstract Soccer is a multifaceted sport requiring game-specific intelligence and particular physiological and physical characteristics for success. Despite the wide variety of contributing factors, it has been reported that youth soccer players who are larger in size, more mature, and have superior aerobic power are favoured during team selection. The current investigation examined aerobic power and anthropometric size differences between selected and not selected elite youth soccer players; values were also compared between playing position and sexes. Twenty-three elite soccer players, 10 males and 13 females, with an average age of 14 years were recruited for the study; participants performed a graded treadmill test to exhaustion and a sport participation questionnaire. Aerobic power results from the treadmill test were expressed in absolute (l/min) and relative terms, to body mass and fat free mass (ml/kg/min & ml/kg FFM/min); values were compared between selection status, playing position and sex. No significant differences were detected for any measure of aerobic power or anthropometric size between selected and not selected athletes when sexes were combined or separated (p>0.05); males had significantly higher aerobic power levels compared to females despite scaling method (p<0.05). In females, goalkeepers had a significantly lower absolute aerobic power (p<0.05), differences were not detected when expressed relative to body mass or fat free mass (p>0.05). Males showed no significant difference between playing positions in any measurement of aerobic power (p>0.05). It appears as though Saskatchewan coaches view attributes, other than physical size and aerobic fitness, as more beneficial for team success at this level. Results are encouraging as they suggest that size and aerobic power may not be the main influencing criteria for achieving success on an elite youth Saskatchewan soccer team.

O objetivo do estudo foi determinar e analisar o comportamento da potência aeróbia (VO2pico) em valores absolutos e relativos por meio de expoentes lineares e alométricos, em crianças e adolescentes de 10 a 16 anos de Marechal Candido Rondon Paraná. A amostra foi intencionalmente composta por 248 indivíduos, sendo 124 rapazes e 124 moças. Medidas de estatura, massa corporal (MC) e dobras cutâneas foram realizadas. A gordura corporal e a massa corporal magra (MCM) foram determinadas pela equação de Boileau et al. (1986) para ambos os sexos. A potência aeróbia foi determinada diretamente por meio de teste cardiopulmonar de esforço em esteira, segundo o protocolo modificado de Balke, para ambos os sexos. Medidas ventilatórias (VE, VO2, QR) e homodinâmicas (FC) foram obtidas através do analisador metabólico de gazes VO2000 e do transmissor Polar, a cada 10 segundos. No tratamento estatístico dos dados, foi utilizada a estatística descritiva e as diferenças entre os sexos foram verificadas pelo teste t para amostras independentes. Os expoentes alométricos foram determinados através de uma regressão log-linear. Os resultados demonstraram que dos 10 aos 16 anos, os ganhos na potência aeróbia absoluta foram de 107% para os rapazes (1,67 para 3,46 L·min-1) e 66% para as moças (1,57 para 2,61 L·min-1), com diferenças a partir dos 14 anos. Os ganhos da potência aeróbia relativa à massa corporal foram de 12% (48,8 para 54,5 mL·kg-1·min-1) e 1% (42,9 para 43,3 mL·kg-1·min-1), com diferenças significantes entre os sexos em todas as idades, enquanto que relativos à MCM foram de 8% (58,0 para 62,9 mL·MCM-1·min-1) e 6% (53,3 para 56,3 mL·MCM- 1·min-1) para rapazes e moças respectivamente, com diferenças significantes entre os sexos a partir dos 12 anos. Os expoentes nos diferentes grupos etários e sexos variaram de 0,30-0,94 para a MC e de 0,44-1,32 para a MCM. No ajuste alométrico da MC, o expoente 0,91 (r=0,88) foi obtido para todos os rapazes, 0,82 (r=0,85) para todas as moças e 0,85 (r=0,81) para ambos os sexos. O ajuste da MCM gerou o expoente 1,00 (r=0,94) para os rapazes, 1,01 (r=0,87) para as moças e 1,02 (r=0,89) para ambos os sexos. Concluiu-se que a potência aeróbia de crianças e adolescentes foi adequadamente ajustada pela MCM1,0 e alométricamente pela MC0,85 / The aim of this study was to determine and analyze the absolute e and relative aerobic power (VO2peak) by mean of linear and allometric exponents in children and adolescents, ages 10 to 16 years from Marechal Cândido Rondon Paraná. Body mass (BM), height end skinfold thickness were measure in an intentional sample of 248 schoolchildren (124 boys and 124 girls). Body fat and lean body mass (LBM) were estimated by the equation suggested by Boileau et al. (1982) in both sexes. Aerobic power was determinate directly using a treadmill by mean of a modified Balke protocol and a VO2000 portable metabolic system and heart rate by Polar transmission, each ten seconds. Descriptive statistics were use for all data. The difference between sexes was determined by t test, and the allometric exponents by log-linear regression. The gain in VO2peak absolute was 107% in boys (1,67 to 3,46 L·min-1) and 66% in girls (1,57 to 2,61 L·min-1) from 10 to 16 years old. Absolute VO2peak was similar for boys and girls in ages 10, 11, 12 and 13 years old. The gain was 12% (48,8 to 54,5 mL·kg-1·min-1) and 1% (42,9 to 43,3 mL·kg-1·min-1) to VO2peak relative to BM and 8% (58,0 to 62,9 mL·MCM-1·min-1) and 6% (53,3 to 56,3 mL·MCM-1·min-1) relative to LBM, for boys and girls respectively. The differences in VO2peak relative to BM were significant in all ages, with boys showing higher values. Boys also showed significantly higher values in VO2peak relative to LBM from ages 12 to 16 years. Allometry applied to VO2peak relative to BM determinate an exponent of 0.91 for boys, 0.82 for girls and 0.85 for both sexes. Allometry applied to VO2peak relative to LBM revealed an exponent of 1.00 for boys, 1.01 for girls and 1.02 for the both sexes. The data suggest that VO2peak were better adjust linearly by LBM and by MC0,85

Praradus apatinių galūnių funkciją, žmonės su nugaros smegenų pažeidimais (SCI) priklauso nuo viršutinės kūno dalies raumenyno beveik per visus užsiėmimus kasdieniniame gyvenime. Dažnai važiavimas vežimėliu asmenims su nugaros smegenų pažeidimais sukelia sunkumų, o tai gali inicijuoti ribotą judrumą, neaktyvų gyvenimo stilių, o dėl tų priežasčių blogėja fizinė sveikata. Tyrimo problema: ar asmenų su skirtingo lygio nugaros smegenų pažeidimais aerobinis pajėgumas rankų ergometrijos metu skiriasi, ar sportuojančių asmenų su nugaros smegenų pažeidimais aerobinis pajėgumas yra geresnis nei nesportuojančių? Tyrimo tikslas: Nustatyti ir įvertinti asmenų su skirtingais nugaros smegenų pažeidimo lygiais aerobinį pajėgumą rankų ergometrijos metu. Uždaviniai: 1. Nustatyti ir įvertinti vyrų su skirtingais nugaros smegenų pažeidimo lygiais aerobinį pajėgumą. 2. Nustatyti ir įvertinti moterų su skirtingais nugaros smegenų pažeidimo lygiais aerobinį pajėgumą. 3. Palyginti asmenų su skirtingais nugaros smegenų pa�����eidimo lygiais, sportuojančių ir nesportuojančių, aerobinį pajėgumą. Tyrimo hipotezės: Asmenų su žemesnio lygio nugaros smegenų pažeidimais aerobinis pajėgumas rankų ergometrijos metu yra geresnis, nei asmenų su aukštesnio lygio nugaros smegenų pažeidimais. Sportuojančių asmenų su nugaros smegenų pažeidimais aerobinis pajėgumas rankų ergometrijos metu yra geresnis, nei nesportuojančių asmenų su nugaros smegenų pažeidimais. Tyrimas buvo atliekamas Lietuvos kūno kultūros... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The persons with spinal cord injuries depend from upper body muscles in daily life activities. The movement with a wheelchair causes a lot of troubles, and this can be the main reason to the in active life style and bad finical health. The problem of the research is the following: Is the aerobic performance different of persons with different spinal cord injury level during arm ergometry and is the aerobic performance better of persons with spinal cord injuries who take exercise the in persons who don’t take exercise. Aim of research: Ascertain and evaluate the aerobic performance of persons with different spinal cord injuries during arm ergometry. Goals: 1. Ascertain and evaluate the men with different spinal cord injuries levels aerobic performance. 2. Ascertain and evaluate the women with different spinal cord injuries levels aerobic performance. 3. Compare the persons who take exercise and who don’t take exercise with different spinal cord injuries aerobic performance. Hypothesis of research: The persons with a low level spinal cord injuries aerobic performance are better then in persons with higher spinal cord injuries. And the person with spinal cord injuries who take sports aerobic performance is better than in persons who don‘t take sports. The researches were carried out in Lithuanian academy of physical education in adapted physical education laboratory. In this research participate 21 persons (8 men and 13 women) with spinal cord injuries. Research methods —... [to full text]

O rugby union XV é um esporte coletivo e de invasão praticado em um campo gramado por duas equipes compostas por 15 jogadores cada e divididos em dois grupos denominados forwards (8 jogadores) e backs (7 jogadores) de acordo com a função desempenhada durante a partida. As demandas física e fisiológica do rugby exigem que os atletas recuperem suas reservas energéticas em pequenos intervalos ou durante exercícios de baixa intensidade. Desta forma, o consumo máximo de oxigênio (VO2Máx), indicador de potência aeróbia, torna-se uma variável importante para o desempenho na modalidade. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a possibilidade de predizer a potência aeróbia em jogadores amadores de rugby union XV utilizando os testes de campo Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level 1 (Yo-Yo IRT1) e 5 m Multiple Shuttle Test (5-m MST). Para isso, 42 jogadores, 22 forwards e 20 backs, foram avaliados em três etapas: (1) em laboratório com teste máximo em esteira; (2) teste de campo definido por sorteio na primeira etapa; e (3) segundo teste de campo. Com os dados obtidos nos três testes foram realizadas análises descritivas, de comparação, de correlação, de regressão e de concordância. Dentre os principais resultados, backs, em comparação a forwards, apresentaram maior VO2Máx (respectivamente, 61,7 ± 15 ml.kg-1.min-1 e 51,6 ± 10,1 ml.kg-1.min-1), resultado no Yo- Yo IRT1 (respectivamente, 16,4 ± 0,8 e 14,9 ± 0,9) e distância final no Yo-Yo IRT1 (respectivamente, 1283,3± 312,5 m e 792 ± 277,6 m). Foram encontradas correlações significativas entre resultado final e distância final total obtidas no Yo-Yo IRT1 e o VO2Máx relativo a massa corporal (respectivamente, r = 0,425 e r = 0,459). Utilizandose a distância final percorrida no Yo-Yo IRT1, o VO2Máx, em jogadores de rugby, pode ser estimado com a aplicação da equação VO2Máx = 0,016(DIST Yo-Yo) + 40,578. / Rugby Union XV is a sport played in pitches by two teams of 15 players each. The players are divided into two groups according to the role in the game: the forwards (8 players) and the backs (7 players). During a match, the physical and physiological demands of rugby require that athletes recover its energy reserves in shorts intervals or during low-intensity exercise. Thus, the maximal oxygen uptake (VO2Max), an aerobic power index, becomes an important variable for the performance in the discipline. The objective of this study was to verify the possibility to predict the aerobic power in rugby union XV amateur players using the field tests Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level 1 (Yo-Yo IRT1) and 5 m Multiple Shuttle Test (5-m MST). Forty-two players, 22 forwards and 20 backs, were evaluated in three phases: (1) in a laboratory with maximum treadmill test; (2) field test set by a draw in the first phase; and (3) second field test. Descriptive, comparison, correlation, regression and level of agreement analyses were performed. Among the mayor results, backs, compared with forwards, reported a higher VO2Max (respectively 61.7 ± 15 ml.kg-1.min-1 and 51.6 ± 10.1 ml.kg- 1.min-1), Yo-Yo IRT1 results (respectively 16.4 ± 0.8 and 14.9 ± 0.9), and Yo-Yo IRT1 total distance (respectively 1283.3± 312.5 m e 792 ± 277.6 m). Significant correlations were found between the result and total distance on the Yo-Yo IRT1 and the VO2Max (respectively r = 0.425 and r = 0.459). Using the total distance covered on the Yo-Yo IRT1, the VO2Max in rugby players, can be estimated using the equation VO2Max = 0.016(DIST Yo-Yo) + 40.578.

O rugby union XV é um esporte coletivo e de invasão praticado em um campo gramado por duas equipes compostas por 15 jogadores cada e divididos em dois grupos denominados forwards (8 jogadores) e backs (7 jogadores) de acordo com a função desempenhada durante a partida. As demandas física e fisiológica do rugby exigem que os atletas recuperem suas reservas energéticas em pequenos intervalos ou durante exercícios de baixa intensidade. Desta forma, o consumo máximo de oxigênio (VO2Máx), indicador de potência aeróbia, torna-se uma variável importante para o desempenho na modalidade. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a possibilidade de predizer a potência aeróbia em jogadores amadores de rugby union XV utilizando os testes de campo Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level 1 (Yo-Yo IRT1) e 5 m Multiple Shuttle Test (5-m MST). Para isso, 42 jogadores, 22 forwards e 20 backs, foram avaliados em três etapas: (1) em laboratório com teste máximo em esteira; (2) teste de campo definido por sorteio na primeira etapa; e (3) segundo teste de campo. Com os dados obtidos nos três testes foram realizadas análises descritivas, de comparação, de correlação, de regressão e de concordância. Dentre os principais resultados, backs, em comparação a forwards, apresentaram maior VO2Máx (respectivamente, 61,7 ± 15 ml.kg-1.min-1 e 51,6 ± 10,1 ml.kg-1.min-1), resultado no Yo- Yo IRT1 (respectivamente, 16,4 ± 0,8 e 14,9 ± 0,9) e distância final no Yo-Yo IRT1 (respectivamente, 1283,3± 312,5 m e 792 ± 277,6 m). Foram encontradas correlações significativas entre resultado final e distância final total obtidas no Yo-Yo IRT1 e o VO2Máx relativo a massa corporal (respectivamente, r = 0,425 e r = 0,459). Utilizandose a distância final percorrida no Yo-Yo IRT1, o VO2Máx, em jogadores de rugby, pode ser estimado com a aplicação da equação VO2Máx = 0,016(DIST Yo-Yo) + 40,578. / Rugby Union XV is a sport played in pitches by two teams of 15 players each. The players are divided into two groups according to the role in the game: the forwards (8 players) and the backs (7 players). During a match, the physical and physiological demands of rugby require that athletes recover its energy reserves in shorts intervals or during low-intensity exercise. Thus, the maximal oxygen uptake (VO2Max), an aerobic power index, becomes an important variable for the performance in the discipline. The objective of this study was to verify the possibility to predict the aerobic power in rugby union XV amateur players using the field tests Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level 1 (Yo-Yo IRT1) and 5 m Multiple Shuttle Test (5-m MST). Forty-two players, 22 forwards and 20 backs, were evaluated in three phases: (1) in a laboratory with maximum treadmill test; (2) field test set by a draw in the first phase; and (3) second field test. Descriptive, comparison, correlation, regression and level of agreement analyses were performed. Among the mayor results, backs, compared with forwards, reported a higher VO2Max (respectively 61.7 ± 15 ml.kg-1.min-1 and 51.6 ± 10.1 ml.kg- 1.min-1), Yo-Yo IRT1 results (respectively 16.4 ± 0.8 and 14.9 ± 0.9), and Yo-Yo IRT1 total distance (respectively 1283.3± 312.5 m e 792 ± 277.6 m). Significant correlations were found between the result and total distance on the Yo-Yo IRT1 and the VO2Max (respectively r = 0.425 and r = 0.459). Using the total distance covered on the Yo-Yo IRT1, the VO2Max in rugby players, can be estimated using the equation VO2Max = 0.016(DIST Yo-Yo) + 40.578.

O rugby union XV é um esporte coletivo e de invasão praticado em um campo gramado por duas equipes compostas por 15 jogadores cada e divididos em dois grupos denominados forwards (8 jogadores) e backs (7 jogadores) de acordo com a função desempenhada durante a partida. As demandas física e fisiológica do rugby exigem que os atletas recuperem suas reservas energéticas em pequenos intervalos ou durante exercícios de baixa intensidade. Desta forma, o consumo máximo de oxigênio (VO2Máx), indicador de potência aeróbia, torna-se uma variável importante para o desempenho na modalidade. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a possibilidade de predizer a potência aeróbia em jogadores amadores de rugby union XV utilizando os testes de campo Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level 1 (Yo-Yo IRT1) e 5 m Multiple Shuttle Test (5-m MST). Para isso, 42 jogadores, 22 forwards e 20 backs, foram avaliados em três etapas: (1) em laboratório com teste máximo em esteira; (2) teste de campo definido por sorteio na primeira etapa; e (3) segundo teste de campo. Com os dados obtidos nos três testes foram realizadas análises descritivas, de comparação, de correlação, de regressão e de concordância. Dentre os principais resultados, backs, em comparação a forwards, apresentaram maior VO2Máx (respectivamente, 61,7 ± 15 ml.kg-1.min-1 e 51,6 ± 10,1 ml.kg-1.min-1), resultado no Yo- Yo IRT1 (respectivamente, 16,4 ± 0,8 e 14,9 ± 0,9) e distância final no Yo-Yo IRT1 (respectivamente, 1283,3± 312,5 m e 792 ± 277,6 m). Foram encontradas correlações significativas entre resultado final e distância final total obtidas no Yo-Yo IRT1 e o VO2Máx relativo a massa corporal (respectivamente, r = 0,425 e r = 0,459). Utilizandose a distância final percorrida no Yo-Yo IRT1, o VO2Máx, em jogadores de rugby, pode ser estimado com a aplicação da equação VO2Máx = 0,016(DIST Yo-Yo) + 40,578. / Rugby Union XV is a sport played in pitches by two teams of 15 players each. The players are divided into two groups according to the role in the game: the forwards (8 players) and the backs (7 players). During a match, the physical and physiological demands of rugby require that athletes recover its energy reserves in shorts intervals or during low-intensity exercise. Thus, the maximal oxygen uptake (VO2Max), an aerobic power index, becomes an important variable for the performance in the discipline. The objective of this study was to verify the possibility to predict the aerobic power in rugby union XV amateur players using the field tests Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level 1 (Yo-Yo IRT1) and 5 m Multiple Shuttle Test (5-m MST). Forty-two players, 22 forwards and 20 backs, were evaluated in three phases: (1) in a laboratory with maximum treadmill test; (2) field test set by a draw in the first phase; and (3) second field test. Descriptive, comparison, correlation, regression and level of agreement analyses were performed. Among the mayor results, backs, compared with forwards, reported a higher VO2Max (respectively 61.7 ± 15 ml.kg-1.min-1 and 51.6 ± 10.1 ml.kg- 1.min-1), Yo-Yo IRT1 results (respectively 16.4 ± 0.8 and 14.9 ± 0.9), and Yo-Yo IRT1 total distance (respectively 1283.3± 312.5 m e 792 ± 277.6 m). Significant correlations were found between the result and total distance on the Yo-Yo IRT1 and the VO2Max (respectively r = 0.425 and r = 0.459). Using the total distance covered on the Yo-Yo IRT1, the VO2Max in rugby players, can be estimated using the equation VO2Max = 0.016(DIST Yo-Yo) + 40.578.

Please read the abstract in the section 00front of this document / Thesis (DPhil (Human Movement Science))--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Biokinetics, Sport and Leisure Sciences / DPhil / unrestricted

O objetivo do estudo foi determinar e analisar o comportamento da potência aeróbia (VO2pico) em valores absolutos e relativos por meio de expoentes lineares e alométricos, em crianças e adolescentes de 10 a 16 anos de Marechal Candido Rondon Paraná. A amostra foi intencionalmente composta por 248 indivíduos, sendo 124 rapazes e 124 moças. Medidas de estatura, massa corporal (MC) e dobras cutâneas foram realizadas. A gordura corporal e a massa corporal magra (MCM) foram determinadas pela equação de Boileau et al. (1986) para ambos os sexos. A potência aeróbia foi determinada diretamente por meio de teste cardiopulmonar de esforço em esteira, segundo o protocolo modificado de Balke, para ambos os sexos. Medidas ventilatórias (VE, VO2, QR) e homodinâmicas (FC) foram obtidas através do analisador metabólico de gazes VO2000 e do transmissor Polar, a cada 10 segundos. No tratamento estatístico dos dados, foi utilizada a estatística descritiva e as diferenças entre os sexos foram verificadas pelo teste t para amostras independentes. Os expoentes alométricos foram determinados através de uma regressão log-linear. Os resultados demonstraram que dos 10 aos 16 anos, os ganhos na potência aeróbia absoluta foram de 107% para os rapazes (1,67 para 3,46 L·min-1) e 66% para as moças (1,57 para 2,61 L·min-1), com diferenças a partir dos 14 anos. Os ganhos da potência aeróbia relativa à massa corporal foram de 12% (48,8 para 54,5 mL·kg-1·min-1) e 1% (42,9 para 43,3 mL·kg-1·min-1), com diferenças significantes entre os sexos em todas as idades, enquanto que relativos à MCM foram de 8% (58,0 para 62,9 mL·MCM-1·min-1) e 6% (53,3 para 56,3 mL·MCM- 1·min-1) para rapazes e moças respectivamente, com diferenças significantes entre os sexos a partir dos 12 anos. Os expoentes nos diferentes grupos etários e sexos variaram de 0,30-0,94 para a MC e de 0,44-1,32 para a MCM. No ajuste alométrico da MC, o expoente 0,91 (r=0,88) foi obtido para todos os rapazes, 0,82 (r=0,85) para todas as moças e 0,85 (r=0,81) para ambos os sexos. O ajuste da MCM gerou o expoente 1,00 (r=0,94) para os rapazes, 1,01 (r=0,87) para as moças e 1,02 (r=0,89) para ambos os sexos. Concluiu-se que a potência aeróbia de crianças e adolescentes foi adequadamente ajustada pela MCM1,0 e alométricamente pela MC0,85 / The aim of this study was to determine and analyze the absolute e and relative aerobic power (VO2peak) by mean of linear and allometric exponents in children and adolescents, ages 10 to 16 years from Marechal Cândido Rondon Paraná. Body mass (BM), height end skinfold thickness were measure in an intentional sample of 248 schoolchildren (124 boys and 124 girls). Body fat and lean body mass (LBM) were estimated by the equation suggested by Boileau et al. (1982) in both sexes. Aerobic power was determinate directly using a treadmill by mean of a modified Balke protocol and a VO2000 portable metabolic system and heart rate by Polar transmission, each ten seconds. Descriptive statistics were use for all data. The difference between sexes was determined by t test, and the allometric exponents by log-linear regression. The gain in VO2peak absolute was 107% in boys (1,67 to 3,46 L·min-1) and 66% in girls (1,57 to 2,61 L·min-1) from 10 to 16 years old. Absolute VO2peak was similar for boys and girls in ages 10, 11, 12 and 13 years old. The gain was 12% (48,8 to 54,5 mL·kg-1·min-1) and 1% (42,9 to 43,3 mL·kg-1·min-1) to VO2peak relative to BM and 8% (58,0 to 62,9 mL·MCM-1·min-1) and 6% (53,3 to 56,3 mL·MCM-1·min-1) relative to LBM, for boys and girls respectively. The differences in VO2peak relative to BM were significant in all ages, with boys showing higher values. Boys also showed significantly higher values in VO2peak relative to LBM from ages 12 to 16 years. Allometry applied to VO2peak relative to BM determinate an exponent of 0.91 for boys, 0.82 for girls and 0.85 for both sexes. Allometry applied to VO2peak relative to LBM revealed an exponent of 1.00 for boys, 1.01 for girls and 1.02 for the both sexes. The data suggest that VO2peak were better adjust linearly by LBM and by MC0,85

<p> The anaerobic-to-aerobic power ratio is a useful tool to evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of both the aerobic and anaerobic energy systems. The traditional method of calculation has shown this ratio to increase with age in children and to plateau by late adolescence or early adulthood. However, by using the traditional approach, the aerobic component of the ratio is likely highly influenced by anaerobic sources and therefore, may not demonstrate the true proportional changes observed in the respective physiological capacities comprising this ratio with age through childhood and adolescence. The purpose of this study was to examine the age-related development of the power ratio using two new approaches. The lactate threshold (LT) and ventilatory anaerobic threshold (VAT) were identified in 31 competitive male hockey players ranging from 10 to 21 years of age and compared across three discrete age groups. Peak mechanical anaerobic power was obtained from a Wingate test (WAnT) and incorporated into the numerator of the power ratio, while peak mechanical aerobic power was obtained from a modified McMaster all-out progressive test and included into the denominator of the ratio. Mechanical power at the LT and VAT were also identified and integrated into the denominator of the power ratio and results compared to the traditional approach to identify similarities or differences in developmental trends with age. Furthermore, the reliability of the traditional, LT and VAT approaches was examined with retests of six subjects using intra-class correlation analysis and Method Error analysis. When power ratio approaches were compared among discrete age groups, significant differences (P≤0.05) were found between the youngest and oldest age groups for each of the three approaches. Notwithstanding the trend for progressive increases with advancing age group for all approaches, significant correlations with age were only found for the traditional approach (r=0.36). Finally, the VAT approach was the most reliable (r=0.95; ME=0.13) while the LT and traditional approaches demonstrated strong but non-significant test-retest correlations. Results of this study suggest that the LT and VAT approaches may theoretically be more accurate methods of measuring the power ratio than the traditional approach, as there is likely less anaerobic contribution to the denominator of the ratio. Each of the new approaches demonstrates expected age-related trends, and notwithstanding methodological and sample limitations, the VAT in particular, appears to be a more reliable and accurate means of assessing the power ratio compared to the traditional or LT approach.</p> / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc)