Cheung, Pui-yee. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 77-83). / Text in English; abstracts in English and Chinese. / Cheung, Pui-yee. / Acknowledgements --- p.i / Abstract --- p.ii / Table of Contents --- p.iv / List of Tables --- p.vii / List of Figures --- p.viii / Chapter CHAPTER ONE --- INTRODUCTION / Chapter 1.1 --- Background --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.1 --- Fitness Testing in children --- p.2 / Chapter 1.1.2 --- Constraints in the direct VO2 peak measurement on children --- p.3 / Chapter 1.1.3 --- The application of field test in assessing children aerobic fitness --- p.4 / Chapter 1.2 --- Purpose of the Study --- p.7 / Chapter 1.3 --- Operational Definitions --- p.7 / Chapter 1.4 --- Delimitations --- p.9 / Chapter 1.5 --- Limitations --- p.10 / Chapter 1.6 --- Hypotheses --- p.10 / Chapter 1.7 --- Significance of the Study --- p.11 / Chapter CHAPTER TWO --- LITERATURE REVIEW / Chapter 2.1 --- Needs of assessment on children aerobic fitness --- p.13 / Chapter 2.2 --- Common field tests to measure children's aerobic fitness --- p.15 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Run Test --- p.15 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Walk Test --- p.17 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Step Test --- p.18 / Chapter 2.2.4 --- Comparison of field tests --- p.20 / Chapter 2.3 --- Different step test protocols --- p.21 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Astrand-Rhyming Step Test --- p.23 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Harvard Step Test --- p.24 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- The Katch Pulse Recovery Step Test --- p.26 / Chapter 2.3.4 --- Hodgkins and Skubin Step Test --- p.27 / Chapter 2.3.5 --- Queen College Step Test --- p.28 / Chapter 2.3.6 --- Height-Adjusted Step Test --- p.30 / Chapter 2.3.7 --- The Canadian Home Fitness Step Test --- p.31 / Chapter 2.4 --- Related issues in evaluating aerobic fitness by step test --- p.35 / Chapter 2.4.1 --- Heart rate measurement --- p.35 / The accuracy of HR measurement --- p.37 / Chapter 2.4.2 --- Leg Length --- p.38 / Chapter 2.4.3 --- Platform Height --- p.40 / Chapter 2.4.4 --- Body Mass --- p.42 / Chapter 2.4.5 --- Stepping Frequency --- p.44 / Chapter 2.5 --- Summary --- p.46 / Chapter CHAPTER THREE --- METHODOLOGY / Chapter 3.1 --- Participants --- p.48 / Chapter 3.2 --- Procedures and Equipment --- p.49 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Anthropometric measurement --- p.49 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- 3-minute Step Test --- p.50 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Graded Exercise Treadmill Test --- p.52 / Graded Exercise Test Protocol --- p.53 / Determination of peak oxygen uptake (VO2 peak) --- p.53 / Chapter 3.3 --- Statistical analysis --- p.54 / Chapter CHAPTER FOUR --- RESULT / Chapter 4.1 --- Physical Characteristics of Participants --- p.56 / Chapter 4.2 --- Physiological Responses of Participants from the Step Tests --- p.57 / Chapter 4.3 --- Influence of the Order in the Participation of the Step Tests --- p.58 / Chapter 4.4 --- VO2 Peak Measurement --- p.59 / Chapter 4.5 --- HR Responses for Step Tests --- p.59 / Chapter 4.6 --- VO2 Consumption during Step Tests --- p.62 / Chapter 4.7 --- Regression Analysis for Different Stepping Frequencies of Step Tests --- p.64 / Chapter 4.8 --- Accuracy of Regression Models --- p.66 / Chapter 4.9 --- Summary of the Results --- p.69 / Chapter CHAPTER FIVE --- DISCUSSION / Validity --- p.70 / Stepping Frequency --- p.72 / HR measurement in Step Tests --- p.74 / Recommendation for future studies --- p.76 / Reference --- p.77 / Appendix A --- p.84 / Appendix B --- p.85 / Appendix C --- p.86 / Appendix D --- p.87 / Appendix E --- p.88 / Appendix F --- p.89

Tittle: Monitoring motorical skills and abilities for girls 8-10 years old in the course of children's recreational aerobics Objective: Method: In order to achieve the aim of the work, the measurement of partial motorical skills and abilities was used based on the Iowa Brace test, the Eurofit test and the Unifit test 6-60. The results were analyzed by using mathematical-statistical methods. Results: Despite the small research set, the result in one test of four, which is quantitatively evaluated, was determined to be statistically significant. The other test results improved or came close to average values relative to the rest of the research population. The results of test exercises evaluating motorical skills, which were evaluated in a qualitative manner, have been positive. All skills have shown an increase in probands who have mastered them. Testing testifies about improving motorical skills and abilities after completing a course of children's recreational aerobics. Keywords: Children's recreational aerobics; motorical abilities; motorical skills; testing; training unit.

The thesis deals with the effect of sports aerobics on correct body posture. Two groups of probands will be compared based on testing. One group has been actively practicing sports aerobics for several years. On the other hand, the second group will include girls who do reacreational sports only. The first group consists of girls representing the Czech Republic at international competitions and practicing sports aerobics in the 1st performance class. The second group of probands consists of students of the 3rd year of the Secondary Vocational School, Sedlčany, Petra Bezruče 364. The thesis will focus on the comparison of the effect of sports aerobics on body posture. In addition, compensatory exercises will be designed to help to eliminate muscle imbalance. The thesis will introduce common exercise aids, which can affect the correct body posture and which can be used in exercises not only for sports aerobics training, but also within the classes of school physical education.

During every summer Olympic Games, the sport of gymnastics rises briefly to the world’s attention as the public admire the incredible skills and feats performed by fit muscular bodies on a range of apparatus. The gymnastics they watch consists of performances in which bodies assemble with apparatus. This thesis utilises an Actor Network Theory (ANT) perspective to follow this assembling of gymnastics in the five codes of competitive gymnastics competed in New Zealand: women’s artistic gymnastics, men’s artistic gymnastics, rhythmic gymnastics, trampolining and competitive aerobics. This thesis is a descriptive ethnography of the world of high performance gymnastics. It begins by examining some of the controversies that have operated to both criticise and rework the sport. Next, the gymnasts are followed through the selection processes that lead them to become members of national squads and teams. It then moves to the training gymnasium and examines the variety of non-human actants that work in the gymnasium to assemble gymnastics. The next two chapters examine how gymnasts are found to enrol and assemble with video technologies and sports science professionals in their efforts to improve performance. Following this, gymnasts are observed to produce a routine at a competition which is translated into a score and ranking through the highly complicated and laborious process of judging. Finally, the thesis concludes with the story of Angela McMillan, New Zealand’s most successful athlete within the gymnastic codes. Throughout are a range of accounts from participants, together with observations, describing attempts to secure the stabilisation of gymnastics as an actor-network that produces internationally successful athletes. All the networks followed involve a continual process of enrolling, un-enrolling, translating and mediating, with power constantly shifting and being shared between various heterogeneous actants including coaches, parents, the national federation and the international federation. At times these networks stabilise with particular actants, such as sports scientists or technologies, being enrolled, while at other times the paths of the networks come to an end as particular assemblages or actants, such as physical ability tests, are no longer enrolled. In contrast to a perception that successful high performance sports include key actors and resources, this thesis shows how the networks that produce high performance gymnasts are highly unpredictable and messy, with humans and non-humans both equally influential in affecting every branch of the networks. Processes such as talent identification, training and judging are found to be complicated and unstable.

Submitted by Marlene Santos (marlene.bc.ufg@gmail.com) on 2016-09-08T18:47:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese - Ivan Silveira de Avelar - 2016.pdf: 2898894 bytes, checksum: ae73b237fcaea8b94161a1460ca1908c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-09-09T14:48:56Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese - Ivan Silveira de Avelar - 2016.pdf: 2898894 bytes, checksum: ae73b237fcaea8b94161a1460ca1908c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-09T14:48:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese - Ivan Silveira de Avelar - 2016.pdf: 2898894 bytes, checksum: ae73b237fcaea8b94161a1460ca1908c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-05-27 / Aging involves neural structural, functional and chemical changes that generate a number of diseases. Among the diseases that affect the elderly stand out metabolic and functional, such as metabolic syndrome and loss of muscle strength, which are closely related to the quality of life and are influenced by inadequate nutritional status and physical inactivity. Studies show that protein supplementation can increase muscle strength and improve body composition. The objective of the study was to evaluate the metabolic changes and the quality of life as well as the effects of a water aerobics program associated with supplementation of soy protein in muscle strength, hydration status and body composition of the elderly. The research began with the participation of 63 elderly aged ≥ 60 years. We determined the frequency of metabolic syndrome and assessed the quality of life of those with and without SM, using the SF-36. Still, the elderly were subjected to a water aerobics program associated with supplementation of soy protein for six months and evaluated for manual pressure force by force transducer manual, and state hydration and body composition by BIA. The normality of the data was assessed by the Shapiro-Wilk. The Mann-Whitney test was used to compare the variables of MS and the scores of quality of life between the groups with metabolic syndrome (CSM) and without metabolic syndrome (SSM). The scores of each SF-36 domain were divided into tertiles and associated with individuals with and without MS using the chi-square test of Pearson (2). In the study evaluating the effect of water aerobics program with or without supplementation used the Student t test for independent samples to compare the variables with normal distribution between the groups and the Mann-Whitney test to compare variables without normal distribution. In the above analysis we used the SPSS software and adopted the significance level of p <0.05. The vectors of BIVA were analyzed by Hotelling's T2 tests and univariate analysis (F test). The distances between the vectors in each group were correlated, was also calculated and, using Mahalanobis distance D (D). The vectors were analyzed using the software BIVA 2002. The effect of supplementation on strength and body composition was assessed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) for repeated measures with Bonferroni post hoc. The results indicated a prevalence of 79.03% of elderly patients with metabolic syndrome. There was no difference between the domains of quality of life among older people with and without MS. qualitative improvement was observed in the above hydration. The study indicated a high frequency of metabolic syndrome but did not affect the quality of life of the studied group. The manual force had a significant increase (p=0.001) in the group that underwent aquatic exercise performed and consumed the soy protein supplement. Fat-free mass was significant loss in the group that used the protein supplement. The practice of gymnastics, with or without supplementation increased the manual pressure force, but did not change the body composition of the elderly. / O envelhecimento envolve alterações neurais, estruturais, funcionais e químicas que geram uma série de doenças. Dentre as patologias que acometem o idoso destacam-se as metabólicas e funcionais, como a síndrome metabólica e a perda de força muscular, as quais estão intimamente relacionadas com a qualidade de vida e são influenciados pelo estado nutricional inadequado e a inatividade física. Estudos apontam que a suplementação proteica pode aumentar a força muscular e melhorar a composição corporal. Assim, o objetivo do estudo foi avaliar as alterações metabólicas e a qualidade de vida, bem como os efeitos de um programa de hidroginástica associado a suplementação com proteína de soja, na força muscular, estado de hidratação e composição corporal de idosos. A pesquisa iniciou com a participação de 63 idosos com idade ≥ 60 anos. Determinou-se a frequencia da síndrome metabólica e avaliou a qualidade de vida entre os com e sem SM, utilizando-se o SF-36. Ainda, os idosos foram submetidos a um programa de hidroginástica associado a suplementação com proteína de soja durante seis meses e avaliados quanto a força de pressão manual por meio de transdutor manual de força, e estado hidratação e composição corporal pela BIA. A normalidade dos dados foi avaliada pelo Shapiro-Wilk. O teste de Mann-Whitney foi utilizado para comparar as variáveis da SM e os escores de qualidade de vida entre os grupos com síndrome metabólica (CSM) e sem síndrome metabólica (SSM). Os escores de cada domínio do SF-36 foram distribuídos em tercis e associados aos indivíduos com e sem SM pelo teste Qui-quadrado de Pearson (2). No estudo que avaliou o efeito do programa de hidroginástica associado ou não a suplementação utilizou o teste t-Student para amostras independentes para comparação das variáveis com distribuição normal entre os grupos e o teste de Mann-Whitney para comparar as variáveis que não apresentaram distribuição normal. Nas analises acima utilizou-se o software SPSS e adotou-se o nível de significância p < 0,05. Os vetores da BIVA foram analisados pelos testes T2 de Hotelling's e análise univariada (teste F). As distâncias entre os vetores de cada grupo foram correlacionadas, e também foi calculado, utilizando Mahalanobis D (D). Os vetores foram analisados através do software BIVA 2002. O efeito da suplementação sobre a força e a composição corporal foi avaliado pela análise de variância (ANOVA) para medidas repetidas com post hoc de Bonferroni. Os resultados indicaram uma prevalência de 79,03% de idosos com síndrome metabólica. Não houve diferença entre os domínios da qualidade de vida entre os idosos com e sem SM. Foi observado melhora qualitativa no quadro de hidratação. O estudo indicou uma alta frequência de síndrome metabólica, mas não interferiu na qualidade de vida do grupo estudado. A força manual teve um aumento significativo (p=0,001) no grupo que realizou executou o exercício aquático e consumiu o suplemento de proteína de soja. A massa livre de gordura teve perda significativa no grupo que fez uso do suplemento proteico. A pratica da hidroginástica, associada ou não a suplementação, promoveu aumento na força de pressão manual, mas não alterou a composição corporal do idosos.

Title: Evaluation of the strength of selected muscle groups and the range of motion in sport aerobics athletes Objective: Sport aerobics belongs to group of sport gymnastics, which brings increased demands especially on joint mobility, muscle strength and coordination of movement. Athletes are selected according to these prerequisites the development of which is still supported by training. The thesis follow up the physical measurement of these attributes. The Aim: Evaluation of joint mobility and muscle strength of 12-16 year old sport aerobic athletes and their correlations. Furthermore, the comparison together with the level of the performance group. Method: Measurement of joint mobility using goniometry, hypermobility evaluation using Beighton score, measurement of the muscle strength using HUMAC isokinetic dynamometer. Comparison of measured results with performance group level. Results: During measurement of the joint range using the method goniometry was found, that in flexion of the hip joint had 100 % of the athletes increased joint motion. In hip extension, the joint range wasn't increased at all. Beighton score showed, that 90 % of athletes were constitutionally hypermobile. The relationship between joint range and the values of the muscle strength - peak torque has not been proven. Key...

Title: The influence of sports aerobics on posture and muscle balance Aim: The aim of the thesis is to find out how aerobic gymnastics (sport aerobics) at the top level affects selected groups of muscles and posture of girls with more than 10 years of competing experience. The thesis compares the results of a group practicing aerobics with the results of a group of girls of the same age category, who engage in physical activities only during school physical education lessons. Characteristics: The diploma thesis deals with the effect of aerobic gymnastics on good posture. The basis for this thesis was obtained by testing selected shortened and weakend muscle groups. Two groups of girls were compared. The first group consisted of girls representing the Czech Republic at international championships and practicing aerobic gymnastics at the highest level for more than ten years. On the other hand, the second group consisted of subjects, who were engaged in physical activities only in physical education lessons in school. Methods: In the thesis there was used a qualitative research and delibarate selection of subjects. Selected tests evaluated posture according to Matthias according to Haladová, Nechvátalová (1997), with the help of lowered plumb line according to Kopecký (2010) and test exercises for...

Title: Analysis of the immediate effect of kinesiotaping on the upper limbs when landing into a press-up position when doing gymnastic aerobics Objectives: The aim of this diploma thesis is to find out if the use of the tape on the upper limbs changes the acceleration associated with the reaction inertial force of the arm, the angle in the elbow joint and wrist when landing into the press-up position, as well as subjective evaluation of probands. The hypothesis for the practical part is that the angles in the joints mentioned and the magnitude of the force with the applied tap change, which would result in better stabilization of the upper limbs in this element, as well as positive evaluation of the probands. Methods: The theoretical part deals with kinesiological-biomechanical description of upper limbs and the characteristics of gymnastic aerobics. Moreover, biomechanical analysis and kinesiotaping are described. The practical part is devoted to the measurement of landings into the press-up position  first without tape and then with tape. The tape is described in detail. The XSens MVN was used to record motion. Results: The results showed that kinesiotape had no effect on the angle of the elbow and wrist joints or shoulder joints when landing into the press-up position. However, a positive...

6 ABSTRACT Tittle: Effect of Static and Dynamic Stretching on the Performance of Cadet Category in Competitive Aerobics Objectives: The aim of the work is to find out the type, method and use of static and dynamic stretching in the training of cadet girls in the training of sports aerobics through the opinions of competitive aerobics coaches. The theoretical part consists of research on the issue. In the practical part, a questionnaire survey and an interview are used, conducted in person by the author of the diploma thesis or sent by e-mail, or conducted by telephone or otherwise online. The outputs from this questionnaire + interview are analyzed, compared and evaluated with specific clear outputs. Methods: The work consists of a theoretical and a practical part, while the theoretical part is conceived descriptively. The research part uses the method of qualitative research - a questionnaire. Competitive aerobics coaches are interviewed through a questionnaire and in the form of a guided interview. The interview is conducted in person, according to the prepared questions, and the answers are then logically sorted, evaluated and commented. Descriptive statistics are used for the actual classification and analysis of the obtained data. Results: The results of the work showed the type, method and use of...

America's growing concern about fatness during the twentieth century developed in parallel with a society that made it increasingly harder to live a healthy lifestyle. Since the 1970s, sweeping political, economic, cultural, and familial changes have occurred in the United States. Many researchers argue that these changes have created an "obesogenic" environment that has contributed to the increased prevalence of overweight and obesity in America by favoring inactivity and the over consumption of highly-processed, calorie-dense foods and beverages. As a result, the field of public health has increasingly begun to recognize obesity as a "societal disease." In 2001, The Surgeon General's Call to Action to Prevent and Decrease Overweight and Obesity categorized the number of overweight and obese Americans as reaching "nationwide epidemic proportions." Since that time, America has waged an all-out "war on obesity." Instead of a broader emphasis on health promotion, some public health researchers have suggested that this heightened focus on obesity is 1) guided by America's historically-rooted social disdain for fatness and 2) insufficient to improve the healthy lifestyles of Americans. In searching for a solution to the so-called "obesity epidemic," a growing number of researchers have begun to look to models of social change. After an introductory chapter describing the scope of the problem, this dissertation provides an historical analysis of two, relevant social change models. The first historical case study is an examination of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's VERB social marketing campaign. The second study explores the model of social movements through the history of the aerobics "boom" of 1970s America. Based on these histories, this dissertation concludes by proposing a blended approach that harnesses the strengths of both models to organize and advance America's healthy living movement. / text