Aesthetic labour means that a person with a certain physical aptitude is required. Previous researcher in this field has essentially been focusing on the business benefits from front-line employees as reinforcement to their image. Furthermore, researches have discussed how the employees experience the aesthetic requirements and have found negative effects. Motivation research have, on the other hand, shown that if a person can identify with the requirements it can create wellbeing, through the creation of role identification. Consequently, the research shows different effects of aesthetic requirements, which are this study’s starting point and the aesthetic labour will be illumine with motivations research. The purpose of this study is to illuminate aesthetic labour from a role identification perspective, to understand how the front-line employee is affected by the aesthetic requirements. In the theoretical framework the aesthetic labour will be explained and its negative effects, although also illumined by the research of motivation’s benefits. The method applied has a qualitative approach and the data has been collected by semi-structured interviews with seven employees in retail and the banking sector. The interviews have been transcribed and coded to enable interpretations of the data with the theoretical framework by categorizing and creating themes of the found phenomena. The result yielded four different levels on how the employees identified themselves in their role at work, which creates different reactions to behaviour (active identification, acknowledgment, acceptance and conflicting conciliation). In the discussion these levels where further developed in relation to and with the theoretical framework, concerning how result partially confirms previous research. Furthermore, the study’s findings in the field of aesthetic labour are discussed, which are that employees’ experience of aesthetic requirements is more complex and that additional levels of motivation in the role at work exists. The conclusion summarizes the main points of the study and outlines the study’s contribution of aesthetic labour, which is the understanding that additional levels of motivation in a role at work exists and that employees can be motivated without identification.

This master thesis explores the relationships between the human being and the built environment in the context of healthcare and from the perspective of aesthetics. The aim is, by identifying the aesthetic experiences the built environment evokes, to enhance the understanding of how the design of the built environment can support and sustain wellbeing. The findings from previous studies show that the aspects of the attributes of the built environment can evoke sense-based aesthetic experiences and aesthetic experiences beyond senses. Furthermore, the empirical results of this thesis, gained by applying participatory research and research through design methodologies, indicate that wellbeing is related to rich experiences connected to nature, homeliness or the lack of homeliness as well as lack of maintenance.   The tentative Aesthetic Design Framework for Atmospheresdeveloped in this thesis, based on the Affordance Theory and theTheory of Aesthetic Atmospheres, proposes that the built environment can be transformed into therapeutic aesthetic atmospheres by utilizing aesthetic affordances and applying Aesthetic Design Strategy. In order to test the framework, design proposals were created. The evaluation of the design proposals shows that the designed atmosphere is perceivable when distinct. The results also indicate that familiar aesthetic affordances are easier to perceive and relate to. Consequently, it is proposed that the Aesthetic Design Framework for Atmospheres can aid the design of atmospheres. The results of this study can enhance design processes and the design of built environments in general by clarifying aesthetic aspects, grounded both in empirical data and theory. / Denna masteruppsats utforskar förhållandet mellan människan och den byggda miljön i vårdkontext och utifrån estetik. Målet är att identifiera de estetiska upplevelser den byggda miljön framkallar och därmed öka förståelsen av hur design av byggd miljö kan stödja och bevara välmående. Tidigare forskning visar att aspekter av attribut i den byggda miljön framkallar både sinnesbaserade estetiska upplevelser och estetiska upplevelser bortom sinnena. Dessutom, indikerar empiriska resultat av denna uppsats att välmående hänger ihop med rika upplevelser relaterade till natur, hemtrevnad eller bristen på hemtrevnad samt bristen på underhåll.   Det tentativa teoretiska ramverket, Aesthetic Design Framework for Atmospheres, utvecklat i denna uppsats och baserat på Teori om Affordance och Teori om Estetiska Atmosfärer,föreslår att den byggda miljön kan förvandlas till en terapeutisk atmosfär genom att använda estetiska affordancer och tillämpa Estetisk Design Strategi. Designförslag utformades för att testa ramverket. Utvärderingen av förslagen visar att en designad atmosfär kan varseblivs när den är pregnant. Resultaten indikerar även att bekanta estetiska affordancer är lättare att varsebli och relatera till. Därmed föreslås att Aesthetic Design Framework for Atmospheres kan understödja design av atmosfärer. Resultaten av denna uppsats kan främja designprocesser och design av byggd miljö genom att identifiera estetiska aspekter grundade både i empiri och teori.

Cette thèse pose la question de l’exigence artistique dans les pratiques théâtrales en amateur. On s’appuie principalement sur l’observation de festivals de portée départementale ou nationale, suivant l’hypothèse que ces manifestations favorisent les discussions sur les choix esthétiques. La recherche se déploie autour d’une interrogation : quand une activité artistique se pratique dans un cadre non professionnel, comment s’articulent les objectifs d’amélioration de la qualité des spectacles avec le souci de maintenir un respect mutuel ? Constituée à partir de l’analyse des représentations et des rencontres inscrites à l’affiche des festivals, l’étude a été complétée par des entretiens avec les membres des troupes participantes, des comités d’organisation ou des jurys, dont certains artistes professionnels. On structure les résultats obtenus en s’intéressant d’abord aux conditions dans lesquelles les amateurs satisfont leur passion et en évoquant les moyens et les outils dont ils se dotent collectivement pour y parvenir. Puis on envisage les façons dont les amateurs exercent leur jugement quand il leur faut construire le programme d’un festival. On aborde alors les festivals en les considérant comme des expériences de vie et on considère les valeurs mises en œuvre dans ces aventures humaines. Un dialogue est instauré entre tous ces aspects et différentes conceptions théoriques de l’art, selon que l’accent est placé sur ce qui se passe lors d’une représentation, sur les intentions, sur l’expertise ou sur les effets. On insiste sur la dimension sociale de ces pratiques et sur le fait que le temps disponible est consacré de préférence au plateau, plutôt qu’aux discours / This thesis deals with the question of the artistic demand in amateur theatre practices. It mainly relies on the observation of national or departmental festivals, based on the assumption that these events allow for the debating about aesthetical choices. The research is driven by on the interrogation: when one practises an artistic activity as a non-professional, how to articulate the objectives of improving the quality of the shows with the concern for maintaining a mutual respect? The study analyses performances and group discussions scheduled during the festivals, completed by interviews with some members of companies, or of the organising committees, or of the juries, some of them being professional artists. The results are taken up, in turn, beginning with the conditions under which the amateurs satisfy their passion, including the means they collectively develop and put into action, therefore. Then the ways of assessing one’s taste when having to elaborate the program of a festival are examined. It is then proposed to regard festivals as whole experiences of life and to take into account the values which are at work during these human adventures. All these aspects are put into dialogue together with some theoretical conceptions of art, according to the most significant elements: intentions, expertise, effects. The social dimension of the practices is underlined, as well as the fact that amateurs have rather spend their time on scene, rather that discussing

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Master of Landscape Architecture / Department of Landscape Architecture/Regional and Community Planning / Timothy D. Keane / Naturalistic landscapes have increased in popularity, especially in the landscape architecture profession, due to the push for greener and more sustainable landscape designs in civic spaces. The increase in popularity and resulting use of naturalistic landscapes by landscape architects creates a need to understand users’ preferences for naturalistic landscapes. Users need to have moderate to high preference levels for the naturalistic landscape spaces in order for such spaces to be successful. This work identifies and explains civic spaces, characteristics of traditional landscape designs, characteristics and history of naturalistic landscapes, and characteristics and details of previous preference studies that focused on people’s preferences for natural areas. This study also identifies current preference levels and background characteristics of respondents, which are used to determine who does and does not prefer naturalistic landscapes in civic spaces and why. A survey questionnaire targeted toward users of naturalistic landscapes identified opinions, preferences, and statistical data relevant to this study. A total of sixty-one surveys were completed and collected from two separate survey sites. Survey results were used to determine: 1. Preference levels of the respondents. 2. Background characteristics and values of the respondents. 3. Correlations and patterns between respondents’ preference levels and their background characteristics. 4. Correlations and patterns between respondents’ preference levels and their values and opinions. 5. Differences between the results from the two survey sites. Survey results and analyses indicate that perceived safety is a major factor that influences preference levels. Background characteristics such as the level of formal education and the participation in classes and seminars that focus on topics relevant to naturalistic landscapes are also significant indicators of preference levels. Another of the indicators is the participation in outdoor activities of all sorts. Along with determining the indicators of preference levels, the survey results were used in the comparison of the results from the two survey locations.

Jag har skapat en plats för eftertanke i kontorslandskapets strikta miljö. Ett bord med taktila kvalitéter som har för avsikt att bidra till avslappnande fysisk aktivitet och meditativt lugn. Med inspiration från naturliga strukturer och mönster har jag jobbat med sinnesintryck som främjar lugn och reflektion. Vi rör oss idag i strikta, geometriska miljöer. Skapade miljöer, som inte alltför sällan känns lika självklara som vår naturliga miljö. I en ständig jakt på effektivitet följer vi ett givet mönster. Hur väl tänker vi egentligen igenom våra val? Genom intervjuer med politiker och andra beslutsfattare kom jag fram till att många människor sällan eller aldrig ger sig utrymme till eftertanke på sin arbetsplats. Detta sker istället i utomhusmiljö, ofta i kombination med någon form av fysisk aktivitet. Våra sinnesintryck blir mer och mer enformiga och torftiga och vi kommer alltmer sällan i fysisk kontakt med naturliga element. Kan vi inte se oss själva som en del av det naturliga kretsloppet kan vi inte heller agera därefter. Jag har därför arbetat med känselsinnet och har i min formgivning fokuserat på det taktila och haptiska och hur det spelar med synsinnet. I en mötesmiljö som erbjuder naturliga, framför allt taktila sinnesintryck hoppas jag kunna erbjuda en lugn och meditativ sinnesstämning. Förhoppningsvis kan denna sinnesstämning leda till bättre genomtänkta beslut.

Since the beginning of Japan's post-war boom her major cities, notably Tokyo, have developed with remarkable speed but relatively little pre-planning and control. So the consequent economic benefits have been accompanied by a level of visual disorder. Public and governmental opinion has therefore recently begun seeking development-control guidelines for improving the visual quality of the urban scene. Some Japanese researchers, building partly on the work of their us colleagues, have responded by trying to identify the most aesthetically significant aspects of the urban visual landscape. This thesis contributes to this search a particularly quantitative approach. It begins with a review of urban-design aesthetic theory concentrating on more recent "psychometric" investigation. It then describes and discusses the main method of the thesis: representation of urban scenes through video stills, computergenerated images, or photographs and the exposure to these representation of groups of sample subjects, and statistical analysis of the subjects' questionnaires responses. Special attention is paid to the reliability with which the aesthetic qualities of a given urban configuration can be generalised from 2-d "perspective" views of it, and to the relationship in subject responses between physical elements like buildings and trees and abstract characteristics like "openness", "enclosure", "age", or "expectant space". These procedures are applied to questionnaires completed by Japanese subjects regarding representations of various Tokyo street scenes, and by largely British subjects regarding contrasting "old" and "new" landscapes in the Hampstead and Milton Keynes areas. Initial investigations suggest that the elements of predominant subjective significance include the proportion of visible sky, the abundance of foliage. This thesis ends by suggesting aesthetic guidelines drawn from these results, considering spatial elements and roles of foliage, and discussing aesthetic assessment for development-control purposes.

<p>This research project is about how the subjects` art and music has been described under the 20th century in the Swedish school until today. The purpose with this research project is to do a text analysis that describes these subjects now and the last century, to illustrate the differences between today and the last century. Hence the size of this subject I have chosen some random samples out of the 20th century until today. I started to take these random samples from the first lyric I found about these subjects, and continued with these random samples in other lyrics from the middle of the 20th century until the year 2006. I just took these random samples from what I had found because I did not found some lyrics from earlier period of the 20th century. After a few weeks of material researching I started to write down my text analysis.</p><p>The result of the research project when it comes to the earlier parts of the 20th century art and music subjects´ was that they where used to raise up the students and teach them how to behave in working life. It was the adults who choose what was best for the students and it was about preparation for the life as an adult. Through art the students should learn how to draw of a tool from different works of that epoch and the music was about how to learn a psalm or a song by heart that could be about how one should behave oneself.</p><p>The results of my research project when it comes to today is that the differences between yesterdays school and today’s that today these subjects are more independent fore the students then before. On the basis of the conditions of the students they can use these subjects both as a way to express them self in other subjects then art and music, and it is also another way to take some learning about there own culture like others cultures. It is the imagination of the students that should characterize the subjects` art and music. The school wants through these subjects` that the students shall get a better self – confidence about them self and that the students shall take other cultures closer to them and there way of seeing at these subjects.</p>

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