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Branding a region : the next step for the regional tourism organization of Southern AfricaManasoe, Benjamin 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MPhil (Information Science))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT:
Marketing practitioners and academics are increasingly applying the concepts and techniques
of products or services branding to the branding of destinations. To date, most of these
studies focussed on using product and services branding concepts for branding destinations
on the level of an individual resort, city or country. This thesis extends this trend by
considering to what degree these destination branding ideas can also be used to brand an
entire region consisting of several countries with multiple destinations. The specific focus is
on developing such a regional branding framework for the tourism industry of the Southern
African Development Community (SADC).
First the state of tourism within the SADC region was described, including the establishment
of RETOSA and the tourism performance of the region. On the basis of this overview,
opportunities for regional destination branding were then considered.
Secondly, the core concepts of product branding and their application to destination branding
were discussed. Four theoretical frameworks for branding were reviewed and then used to
compare product and destination branding.
Thirdly, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) was used as a case study of a
region that has attempted regional destination branding initiatives, with a view to what the
SADC-region may learn from this experience.
In conclusion a regional destination branding framework is proposed for the SADC region.
The following list makes up the elements of this framework: the vision and mission, the
destination brand and its proposition, core values of the destination and its brand identity,
brand image, clear view of the market, audience and competitors, brand personality, brand
positioning, stakeholder consultation process and tourism marketing research. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING:
Bemarkingspraktisyns en akademici pas toenemend die konsepte en tegnieke van produk- en
dienste-bemarking op die bemarking van destinasies toe. Tot op hede was die focus van die
meeste studies om bemarkingskonsepte toe te pas op destinasies soos `n individuele oort, stad
of land. Hierdie tesis gaan verder as dit en oorweeg ook on watter mate hierdie
bemarkingsidees ook gebruik kan word om `n hele streek, wat uit verskeie lande bestaan, te
bemark. Daar word spesifiek gepoog om `n streeksbemarkingsraamwerk vir die
toerismebedryf van die Suid-Afrikaanse Ontwikkelingsgemeenskap (SADC) daar te stel.
Eerstens word die stand van toerisme in die SADC-streek beskryf, insluitend die
ontwikkeling van SADC en die Streekstoerisme Organisasie van Suider-Afrika (RETOSA).
Hierdie oorsig is gebruik om geleenthede vir streeksbemarking te oorweeg.
Tweedens worddie kernkonsepte van produkbemarking en hulle toepassing op
streeksbemarking bespreek. Vier teoretiese raamwerke vir bemarking word beskou en
gebruik om produk- en destinasie-bemarking te vergelyk.
Derdens word die Assosiasie van Suidoos-Asiatiese Lande (ASEAN) as `n gevallestudie van
`n streek wat sulke bemarkingsinisiatiewe reeds geïmplimenteer het, bestudeer om te sien wat
SADC daaruit kan leer.
Laastens word `n streeksbemarkingsraamwerk vir die SADC-streek voorgestel. Die elemente
waaruit die raamwerk beslaan, sluit die volgende in: die visie en misie, die
streekshandelsmerk en sy proposisie, die kernwaardes van die streek en handelsmerkidentiteit,
handelsmerkbeeld, oorsig oor die mark, toeskouers en kompetisie,
handelsmerkpersoonlikheid, posisionering, insethouer konsultasieproses en toerismemarknavorsing.
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The interface between language attitudes and language use in a post-conflict context: the case of RwandaMbori, Bob John Obwang'i 31 March 2008 (has links)
The study investigates the interface between the variables - language attitude and
language use in a development context, and attempts to determine the contribution of
language to Rwanda's post-conflict development, reconstruction and reconciliation. It
examines the language attitudes and language use patterns of 53 students from
Rwanda's public universities focusing on how students, who are all Rwandan
citizens, view the role of Kinyarwanda, French, English and Kiswahili languages in
twelve core areas of post-conflict development. Although post-conflict development
is socio-economic, previous historical and political factors affecting Rwanda's violent
past play a role as new forms of linguistic categorization - Anglophone and
Francophone - emerge which may be used to camouflage previous ethnic
categorizations that have had disastrous effects in Rwanda. Further, social
categorizations laden with salient features of linguistic identity may influence the
implementation of the post-conflict development programmes, and also affect the
pace and pattern of reconciliation in Rwanda. Conclusions are based on eclectic
sources: quantitative, qualitative, historical and participatory, with patterns of analysis
established from secondary and historical data. The study is also grounded in the
Communication Accommodation Theory that rests on issues of divergence and
convergence during interaction where emerging language identities dovetail with
language attitudes and language use, resulting in an interface that influences the
implementation of Rwanda's post-conflict development programmes.
Additionally, it is argued that the African languages such as Kinyarwanda and
Kiswahili, should be considered as vehicles for Rwanda's post-conflict development,
although Kinyarwanda, the home language, has in the past really not served an
intranational unifying function. On the other hand, Kiswahili, unlike Kinyarwanda,
has no divisive myths and identities that would inhibit post-conflict development; it is
an important language in the East and Central African region where post-conflict
Rwanda will play a positive and active role, and would be a language to be positively developed. / African Languages / D.Litt et Phil. (African Languages)
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The nature and potential of industrial development within the Southern African Development Community (SADC) and the facilitating role of trade liberalisation and foreign direct investment in selected countriesMutambara, Tsitsi Effie January 2005 (has links)
To date the SADC region has managed to develop a manufacturing base but this base is still small as evidenced by its low contribution to GDP. For example, only three out of the fourteen SADC countries, viz. Mauritius, South Africa and Swaziland, had over 20 percent of their GDP originating from the manufacturing sector throughout the 1990s. Also to note is that while the manufacturing sector is quite diversified, the sector is dominated by industrial processes which are more of resource and labour-intensive in nature than those processes of scale-intensive, differentiated and science based in nature. TIle trade performance of the manufacturing sector supports these observations and as such the region is heavily dependent on imports for scale-intensive, differentiated and science based commodities. However, despite the fact that the region tends to focus more on resource- and labour-intensive manufacturing activities, products from these manufacturing activities are still significant components of manufactured goods imports into the region. Also to note is that since resource- and labour-intensive industries dominate manufacturing activities; these are the areas in which investment opportunities abound. For example, agro-based manufacturing presents most of the investment opportunities, with food processing presenting the majority of the investment opportunities followed by garments and textiles production. Mineral processing also presents significant investment opportunities. The analyses of the nature of the manufacturing sector also show that in a few SADC countries, viz. Mauritius, South Africa and Zimbabwe; scale-intensive, differentiated and science based industries also form a significant component of the industrial base implying more technologically complex manufacturing sectors. Since high technology and technologically complex manufacturing activities are limited, investment opportunities in these manufacturing sub-sectors are also limited to just a few countries However, with the SADC ITA in place, opportunities could arise for these limited technology-related manufacturing facilities to expand or engage in import substitution production so as to meet the demands of the growing regional market. It is also important to note that, while the region may not have as competitive advantage in these industries as in the resource- and labour-intensive industries, there is a need for the region to selectively identify and target such industries for priority development, a lesson SADC could learn from the East Asian NIC's took in their industrialisation strategy. The study also shows that the manufacturing sector has been a priority sector for both domestic and foreign investors. This has implications for industrial development because a strong and dynamic manufacturing sector would be developed, forming a sound basis for industrialisation as well as being able to effectively link and support all the other sectors of the economy. FDI could help the region to fully utilise the labour-intensive industries and use them as a stepping-stone to higher levels of industrial development. This is a lesson to SADC from the experiences of the East Asian NICs where while industrialisation was initiated by labour-intensive manufacturing, the countries were able to move into capital-intensive manufacturing due to FDI as it enabled the establishment of the industrial bases, thus leading to a rise in the share of manufactured exports. FDI could also help to develop the resource-intensive industries further by promoting further processing of raw materials into products of more value, thus propelling industrialisation through a resource-led industrial development programme as the current resource-intensive industries become fully utilised. The raw materials which occur in great abundance in the region's primary sector would have a ready market in the manufacturing sector where they would serve as inputs to the production of high value products. The currently smaller industrial base for scale-intensive products, differentiated and science-based manufactured products would benefit from the improved technological capabilities and managerial skills that result from FDI. Therefore, by impacting positively on manufacturing activities of both low and high MVA, FDI would thus have a facilitating role in establishing a more solid industrial base, broadening the current manufacturing base, and improving installed capacity utilisation. The study also shows that investment in productive capacity in the form of machinery and equipment is of great importance in the sampled SADC countries. Investment towards the acquisition of this capital is very important as this is directly relevant towards improving productive capacity. FDI could thus play a facilitating role by augmenting the current domestic investment in machinery and equipment. While the manufacturing sector within the region is still small and the current utilisation of installed industrial capacity is low, there is potential for further industrial growth. The current process to usher in the SADC Free Trade Area would have a facilitating role through various ways: viz. increasing the market size and enabling easier access through the reduction of tariff and non-tariff barriers, promoting regional competitiveness, improved utilisation of regional corridors, increasing opportunities for utilising identified intra-industry trade potentials, and providing opportunities for increased regional cross-border investment. Apart from the SADC FTA, the USA African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA) and the Cotonou Agreement will also motivate the identification and utilisation of existing and new potentials within the manufacturing sector in SADC. In order to improve the current nature of industries in the region, there is also a need to design and implement appropriate industrial policies and strategies. Such policies should consider the region's trade policies and the recently launched Regional Indicative Strategic Development Plan (RISDP) so as to complement them. The industrial policies should also address issues relating to industrial investment, technology and local technological capabilities development, human resources development, the structure and nature of industry, the competitiveness of industries, as well as facilitating the complementarities between the agricultural and manufacturing sectors. To this end therefore, instead of relying solely on individual national industrial policies, SADC is in the process of formulating a regional industrial policy and strategies which seek to promote and support sustainable industrial growth across the region, thus facilitating industrial development.
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Regional trade integration and co-operation in Southern Africa : the case of the Southern African Development Community (SADC)Mathebe, Mpubane Mox 06 1900 (has links)
Mercantile Law / LL. D.
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The Southern African Development Community : - A successful regional organisation?Sundkvist, Daniel January 2009 (has links)
This essay deals with the topic of regional integration in Africa. Using the Southern African Development Community (SADC) as an example, it seeks to answer the question what constitutes a successful region organisation. To do this a number of criteria defining success were developed and subsequently applied to the SADC, the main one beeing the organisations ability to adapt to change. In order to be able to show whether and how the SADC has reacted to and accommodated changes, the analysis was built around a description of the historical evolution of the SADC(C). The changes made by the SADC (political structure, membership, goals) have been summarised and assessed. Special attention was paid to the (potential) problems identified by Winfried Lang (1982). Guided by the thoughts of Winfried Lang and the criteria used in this essay defining what constitutes a successful regional organisation, we find that the Southern African Development Community is rather successful. The SADCC seems to have created a good basis for integration, and the organisation has proven ist ability to adapt to changes, even if they are as all-embracing as the end of the apartheid regime in the RSA and the subsequent membership of the former opponent. One can thus suppose that the SADC could, if necessary, accomodate changed circumstances again, and is thus unlikely to become one of the many failed regional organisations in Africa.
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State sovereignty and alternative community in southern Africa: exploring the Zion Christian Church as the building block for deeper notions of regional communityRadebe, Zandisiwe January 2008 (has links)
Regional community in southern Africa has been limited to the region’s states. As a result, deeper notions of community emanating from non-state actors, particularly transnational social movements, continue to be ignored. In an attempt to transcend state centrism, this thesis highlights alternative forms of regional community by exploring the Zion Christian Church (ZCC), one of southern Africa’s biggest and fastest growing cross-border movements. The ZCC is a potential agent for developing regional community from the bottom-up, driving a people-oriented regional integration approach in southern Africa. The ZCC, with its extensive following among the region’s poor, offers a compelling example of a grassroots and truly bottom-up approach to regional community. This thesis explores the possibility of the ZCC as a model of alternative community and identity centred on people’s daily experiences and grounded in a shared history and solidarity. It seeks to highlight the significance of transnational movements like the ZCC to policy makers in the region and it argues that grassroots communities are marching ahead of SADC member states and politicians in the area of integration. There exists a transnational cooperation amongst followers of the ZCC and other grassroots communities across the region and this cooperation transcends the traditional notion of state sovereignty, thereby highlighting deeper notions of what it means to be a community at regional level.
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South Africa within SADC : hegemon or partner?Molefi, Tebogo Shadrack January 2003 (has links)
This study attempts to make a contribution to the debate on the role of South Africa within Southern African Development Community. An attempt is made to analyse this role within the context of regional integration debate. This role has been conceptualised within the dichotomies of hegemon versus partner. The study argues that South Africa is a hegemon in the region of SADC, and that given its overarching economic dominance and it has the potential of establishing its hegemony in the region. It maintains that there are several factors, which could facilitate South Africa's hegemonic dominance such as in military, technology and manufacturing sector. It concludes by arguing that given the changing geopolitical factors both within the region and the globe impedes South Africa from firmly expressing this hegemonic dominance. Furthermore, South Africa's pioneering role in the struggle to change the status quo globally in favour of the Southern states is another crucial factor, which imposes limitations on its hegemonic intentions regionally.
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The role of water regimes in the promotion of hydrosolidarity in the Southern African Development Community (SADC): The case of the SADC Water Sector and the Orange-Senqu Commission (ORASECOM)Nienaber, Shanna January 2014 (has links)
The aim of this study was to develop a framework that makes explicit some of the core
norms and indicators of hydrosolidarity and to assess whether regional and basin-level
multilateral water regimes in SADC are able to promote and apply the identified norms and
indicators. This is a relevant aim given that water availability and provision is a challenge in
this water scarce region. This is further complicated by the reality that transboundary water
contains 68 percent of the area of the SADC region; it provides for 74 percent of the region’s
people and constitutes 91 percent of the available surface water resources in the region. In a
region where fresh water is both fundamentally scarce and shared, it becomes critical to best
govern water so as to respond to the needs of water-related ecosystems which transcend
political boundaries as well as the complex spectrum of social actors and forces that place
demands on the resource. Hydrosolidarity is a concept that aims to respond to this
challenge. The concept has not, however, been distilled into a framework for analysing the
effectiveness of transboundary water governance. Also, International Relations (IR) has
extensive scholarship on the closely related ideas of cooperation, regimes and international
organisations. This literature has not, however, been systematically linked to a framework for
analysing whether water regimes can deliver on the indicators of hydrosolidarity.
This context gives rise to a core research question which focused on the extent to which
SADC Water Sector (WS) (a regional water regime) and the Orange-Senqu River Basin
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Commission (ORASECOM) (a basin level water regime) can foster hydrosolidarity in
Southern Africa. The assumption and thesis statement is that water regimes in SADC offer a
partial promotion of hydrosolidarity by developing cooperative institutional structures that
allow for the development of norms and standards of behaviour, but are not able to create
enhanced integration and linkages beyond the water sector or to deal with issues relating to
holistic stakeholder participation. This research question is unpacked through four subquestions.
The first question considers the extent to which hydrosolidarity contributes to an
understanding of an ideal for transboundary water governance. The second analyses
whether water regimes can foster hydrosolidarity. The third considers if regional and basinlevel
water regimes exist in SADC, and if so, how they manifest. The last considers whether
SADC WS and ORASECOM do actually foster hydrosolidarity in practise.
The task of developing a theoretical framework for analysing hydrosolidarity in a
transboundary context results in a set of norms and indicators being clarified. The norms of
hydrosolidarity include cooperation and solidarity, equity, inclusivity, promotion of human
well-being and environmental sustainability around transboundary waters. Linked to these
norms are a set of indicators that can be used to identify and work towards hydrosolidarity.
These include striving for shared knowledge about transboundary rivers, enhanced
integration and linkages between relevant actors, issue areas and governance structures,
organisational structures for fostering transboundary water governance, stakeholder
involvement in transboundary water governance processes, and development of a normative
framework for transboundary water governance. These norms and indicators are also
systematically linked to the characteristics and functions of multilateral water regimes.
When applying this framework to the two case study areas, it emerges that SADC WS and
ORASECOM can only partially foster and promote the norms and indicators of
hydrosolidarity in SADC. Whilst all the norms and indicators are present in the agreements
and practices of the regimes, there are certain limitations to the extent to which the norms
and indicators can be entrenched. There are three main reasons for this. Firstly, the regimes
are confronted with various capacity constraints. Secondly, the regimes have a limited
advisory and technical mandate, meaning that they cannot enforce their recommendations or
actually implement anything in the domestic jurisdiction of member states without express
permission. Thirdly, the regime structure itself is limited by its theoretical assumptions which
emphasise the authority of states, the importance of state sovereignty and the importance of
a Western-centric, positivist type of scientific knowledge as being the most authoritative
statements of truth with which to guide policy. In order to fully achieve hydrosolidarity, a more complex set of actors needs to work in
collaboration with these water regimes. These other actors include national governments,
pre-existing bilateral arrangements in the basin, non-state actors and civil society.
The theoretical contribution of this dissertation from a water perspective is a clarification of
the norms and indicators of hydrosolidarity. From an IR perspective, it illustrates how
important a multi-theoretical lens is when analysing complex problems, as it helps to
elucidate the strengths and weaknesses of a variety of individual theoretical stances. The
practical contribution of this dissertation is to provide a clearer understanding of the capacity
of water regimes to deliver on the outlined norms and indicators of hydrosolidarity. / Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2014. / gm2014 / Political Sciences / unrestricted
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Macroeconomic convergence within SADC : implications for the formation of a regional monetary unionJohns, Michael Ryan January 2009 (has links)
Given the growing effect that globalisation and integration has had upon economies and regions, the process of monetary union has become an increasingly topical issue in economic policy debates. This has been driven in part by the experience and successes of the European Monetary Union (EMU), which is widely perceived as beneficial to member countries. The Southern African Development Community (SADC) is an example of a group of countries that has realised that there are benefits that may arise from economic integration. This paper makes use of an interest-rate pass through model to investigate whether the pass-through of monetary policy transmission in ten SADC countries has become more similar between January 1990 and December 2007 using monthly interest rate data. This is done to determine the extent of macroeconomic convergence that prevails within SADC, and consequently establish whether the formation of a regional monetary union is feasible. The results of the empirical pass-through model were robust and show that there are certain countries that have a more efficient and similar monetary transmission process than others. In particular, the countries that form the Common Monetary Area (CMA) and the Southern African Customs Union (SACU) tend to show evidence of convergence in monetary policy transmission, especially since 2000. In addition, from analysis of the long-run pass-through, the results reveal that there is evidence that Malawi and Zambia have shown signs of convergence toward the countries that form the CMA and SACU, in terms of monetary policy transmission. The study concludes that a SADC wide monetary union is currently not feasible based on the evidence provided from the results of the pass-through analysis. Despite this, it can be tentatively suggested that the CMA may be expanded to include Botswana, Malawi and Zambia.
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Harmonization of SACU trade policies in the tourism & hospitality service sectorsMasuku, Gabriel Mthokozisi Sifiso January 2009 (has links)
Magister Legum - LLM / The general objective of the proposed research is to do a needs analysis for the tourism and hospitality industries of South Africa, Botswana, Namibia, Lesotho and Swaziland. This will be followed by an alignment of these industries with the provisions of the General Agreement of Trade in Services, commonly known as GATS, so that a Tourism and Hospitality Services Charter may be moulded that may be used uniformly throughout SACU. The specific objectives of the research are: To analyze impact assessment reports and studies conducted on the Tourism and Hospitality Industries for all five SACU member states with the aim of harmonizing standards, costs and border procedures. To ecognize SACU member states' schedule of GATS Commitments, especially in the service sectors being investigated, by improving market access, and to recommend minimal infrastructural development levels to be attained for such sectors' support. To make recommendations to harness the challenges faced by the said industries into a working document. To calibrate a uniformity of trade standards in these sectors that shall be used by the SACU membership. To ensure that the template is flexible enough for SACU to easily adopt and use in ongoing bilateral negotiations, for example. / South Africa
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