Abstract The importance of good construction planning affects the final costs of the production and the timing of the project. Planning for building projects has been studied with the aim of identifying how three week planning appears in the construction industry today. A case study has been conducted in Navisworks Simulate to assess whether the software is suitable to connect the task schedule with the BIM model to create a 4D model. 4D models are used for performing 4D construction simulation to visualize the project. In order to use the benefits of the model, investment in equipment and software is required. This means higher costs for the companies. Therefore inexpensive software is needed so that it will be profitable to use 4D models even in the production of small projects. The survey which aims to identify planning in the construction industry shows that planning varies between the different sectors, but also that planning technique depends on the knowledge of those who actually carry out the planning. The conclusion is that education in planning techniques and computer aided planning tools is needed to implement BIM in the planning process. With a detailed schedule and a BIM model which is adjusted to the construction of the building, Navisworks Simulate is a suitable program to use in the creation of Building Information Models. When using Navisworks Simulate to create a 4D model, the natural choice would be Navisworks Freedom software for visualization of the project in the production. This is because the Navisworks creates its own file format, which can only be opened in software created by Autodesk. This study was aimed to improve three week planning and increase the use of assimilating feedback by using BIM in the construction industry. The conclusion is that the choice of software for the creation of a 4D model affects the application that later can be used for visualization. / Sammanfattning Vikten av god produktionsplanering ligger till grund för dels den ekonomiska produktionskostnaden, dels tidsaspekten i projektet. Som bakgrund till rapporten har planering i byggproduktionen studerats med syftet att kartlägga hur treveckorsplaneringen ser ut inom bygg- och anläggningsbranschen i dagsläget. En fallstudie har genomförts i Navisworks Simulate för att undersöka om programvaran lämpar sig att sammankoppla treveckorsplanering med BIM-modell för att skapa en 4D-modell. 4D-modellen används för att på ett tydligt vis visualisera arbetet i projektet. För att utnyttja modellen krävs investeringar i utrustning och programvaror vilket innebär dyra kostnader för företagen. För visualisering av projektet eftersträvas därför en programvara till låg kostnad så att det ska bli lönsamt att använda 4D-modellen i produktionen även på mindre projekt. Den utredning som genomförts med syftet att kartlägga planeringsarbetet inom bygg- och anläggningsbranschen visar att planeringsarbetet varierar dels mellan bygg- och anläggningsprojekt men även att planeringsteknik beror på kunskapssnivå hos den som ska genomföra planeringsarbetet. Slutsatsen är att utbildning i planeringsteknik och datorstödda planeringsverktyg behövs för att kunna implementera BIM i planeringsarbetet. Med en detaljerad tidsplanering och produktionsanpassad projektering är Navisworks Simulate ett utmärkt program att använda vid skapandet av BIM-modeller. Vid användandet av Navisworks Simulate för skapande av 4D-modellen är Navisworks Freedom det naturliga valet av program för visualisering ute på arbetsplatsen i produktionen. Detta beror på att Navisworks skapar sitt eget filformat, vilket endast går att öppna i programvaror från Autodesk. Slutsatsen blir att valet av programvara för skapandet av en 4D-modell påverkar vilka program som senare kan användas för visualisering. Examensrapporten syftar till att förbättra treveckorsplaneringen, samt att öka utnyttjandet av erfarenhetsåterföringen inom produktionen genom användande av CAD-samordning och BIM.

The intent of this thesis was to examine compassion fatigue in nurses through analysis of research studies conducted within the past five years in an effort to identify predisposing factors to the experience of compassion fatigue. Individual and institutional factors were identified as well as current strategies to assist with management of compassion fatigue. Findings indicated that being new to practice, having a trait negative affect, being younger in age, having a history of exposure to trauma and working in high emotionally stressful units predisposed individuals to the experience of compassion fatigue. Institutional factors included a lack of managerial support, organizational commitment, group cohesion, work engagement and conflicting expectations of the nurse. Institutional interventions to assist in mitigating compassion fatigue include improving managerial support, developing group cohesion and communication and providing continuing education opportunities. Institutions can also assist by offering training in resiliency techniques such as negative thought pattern identification, meditation, peer-to-peer discussions, journaling about traumatic experiences, identification and maintenance of personal/professional boundaries and physical wellness through exercise and yoga. These proposed interventions address institutional accountability in health care worker wellness as defined by the quadruple aim. Such interventions also address use of Watson’s Caring Theory to emphasize the importance of nurse wellness as essential to creating caring nurse-patient relationships.

Primary care based physical activity interventions have been shown to be efficacious when delivered under controlled research conditions, over the short-term. However, few studies have evaluated the long-term sustainability of these health interventions utilizing methods to determine external validity. Our own research group conducted the ENCOURAGE project, which enabled previously sedentary individuals (Age, 51 ± 1 years; BMI, 35.2 ± 0.8) to increase their total physical activity by 104 minutes a week. Although the ENCOURAGE project has now ended, a number of stakeholders are utilizing project outcomes to inform best practice within their respective organizations. The purpose of this thesis project was to use the RE-AIM framework to evaluate the external validity of the ENCOURAGE project, and to describe the stakeholders’ perceptions regarding the long-term sustainability of the project utilizing methods from a stakeholder analysis assessment. Results from the RE-AIM evaluation suggest that three of the five dimensions of the framework were met, notably: Reach, Adoption and Implementation. Therefore, the ENCOURAGE project generated a moderate level of public health impact. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight key stakeholders who were involved with the design, development or implementation of the project. Although the ENCOURAGE project was not adopted into the health care system, it left notable implications on the recognition of physical activity in primary care, and the delivery of physical activity services in primary care. Furthermore, the project was able to influence the primary care providers’ perceptions about physical activity, community-based programing and health policy. These positive changes observed at the individual, organizational and system-level are sustainable over the long-term. / February 2017

Desenvolvemos aqui um estudo comparativo entre as epopéias gregas, Ilíada e Odisséia, e as indianas, Mahbharata e Ramayana. Analisamos, primeiramente, similitudes existentes entre essas obras. Nessa primeira etapa, mostramos que elas utilizam procedimentos literários semelhantes, têm os mesmos objetivos e apresentam aspectos mitológicos semelhantes: heróis descendentes de deuses, conformidade nas características dos deuses e temas análogos, além de detalhes análogos relativos ao gênero épico clássico, tais como o tempo pretérito arquetípico, a narração em terceira pessoa e estruturas discursivas semelhantes. Após o desenvolvimento dessa análise, voltamos nossa atenção para a atitude de súplica dos personagens, com o objetivo de demonstrar algumas diferenças significativas entre as atitudes de súplica exibidas pelos heróis gregos e pelos heróis indianos. Podemos observar em todas essas epopéias um quadro semelhante referente à atitude de súplica que busca restabelecer a ordem alterada: o herói ora ao seu deus para obter proteção e força que o tornem capaz de derrotar o inimigo, causador da desordem. Para além desse quadro, no entanto, com análise mais atenta, podemos verificar que o suplicante revela também intenções mais íntimas, ligadas aos anseios referentes à sua vida futura e cujo estudo nos leva a conhecer concepções teológicas e filosóficas da sociedade da época de produção dessas obras. Com o conhecimento das diferenças entre certos conceitos pertinentes à cultura grega e cultura indiana, obtemos elementos para a compreensão das diferenças entre as atitudes de súplica apresentadas pelos heróis dos épicos referentes a essas culturas. Assim, esse relacionamento entre deuses e homens é um aspecto fundamental nessas obras. Faz parte dos valores determinados de antemão pelo destinador sóciohistórico, com os quais o sujeito da enunciação constrói esses discursos. Nessas construções lingüísticas da Antigüidade há um contrato veridictório proposto e assumido referente à exposição alegórica do poder de atuação dos heróis. Nesse contrato, o enunciatário aceita a proposta de que esse poder é conferido pelos deuses. Desse modo, o sujeito da enunciação se desdobra em enunciador e enunciatário, cujas caracterizações nos permitem ter acesso à enunciação. O estudo das diferenças entre as atitudes de súplicas dos heróis gregos e dos heróis indianos foi levado a cabo através de um exame da construção dos sujeitos, em que analisamos marcas diversas existentes no texto - que nos permitem recuperar a enunciação - e também temas sustentados por formações ideológicas. Assim, após inserir cada texto no contexto de sua formação ideológica, examinamos o sentido construído pelo sujeito do discurso de cada obra, e procuramos mostrar essas diferenças / The aim of this thesis is to present a comparative study between the Greek epic poems The Iliad and The Odyssey, and the Indian epics The Mahabharata and The Ramayana. In a first instance we shall analyze some of the several similarities occurring within these epic poems. During this first stage, we shall highlight how these poems make use of similar literary elements; have similar objectives, present similar mythological aspects (i.e. heroes descending from gods; resemblances in the characteristics of the gods) and present similar themes. We also point out similarities in regard to the genre, such as the use of archetypal past tenses and of a third person narrative, as well as of similar discursive structures. After this first analysis we direct our attention to the pleading attitude of the characters in order to highlight some of the significant differences between the attitude of supplication exhibited by the Greek hero and the attitude of supplication exhibited by the Indian hero. Similar scenarios can be recognized in the body of all these epic poems in regard to this attitude of supplicating for the power to re-establish a harmony that has been disrupted: in all of them a hero prays to his god with the hope that he will be granted the protection and strength with which he will be able to defeat the cause of disturbance, depicted as the enemy. However when a more careful analysis is carried out we verify that the supplicant sometimes is also manifesting personal objectives, which are connected to his own expectations about his future. The study of these more subtle personal intentions took us to a thorough study of both the theological and philosophical thought processes of the Greek and Indian societies during the historical periods when these poems were produced. This study of the differences found within the above mentioned thought processes provided relevant information which in turn enabled us to better understand the subtle differences found in the pleading attitudes of the epic heroes related to these cultures. These relationships between gods and men are a fundamental aspect of these writings. They are directly linked to values previously established by the social and historical determiners, with which the subject of the enunciation builds up these discourses. In these linguistic structures of ancient times we find what can be referred to as a pre-established agreement between the enunciator and the enunciater. This agreement is directly connected to the allegorical exhibitions of the acting powers of the heroes, i.e. the enunciater accepts without questioning the proposal that the heroes\' superhuman powers are granted by the gods. Thus the subject of the enunciation unfolds itself between the enunciator and the enunciater, whose characterizations allow us to have access to the enunciation. In summary this study of the differences between the pleading attitude of the Greek hero and the Indian hero was undertaken through examining the construction of the subjective. We analysed several different elements of the texts - this allowed us to recover the enunciation - and we also analyzed themes supported by the ideological backgrounds of the texts. In this way, after inserting the text within the context of the specific historical ideological scenario of each one, we were able to examine the linguistic meanings brought up by the subjective of the discourses and subsequently seek to clarify the resulting differences

Desenvolvemos aqui um estudo comparativo entre as epopéias gregas, Ilíada e Odisséia, e as indianas, Mahbharata e Ramayana. Analisamos, primeiramente, similitudes existentes entre essas obras. Nessa primeira etapa, mostramos que elas utilizam procedimentos literários semelhantes, têm os mesmos objetivos e apresentam aspectos mitológicos semelhantes: heróis descendentes de deuses, conformidade nas características dos deuses e temas análogos, além de detalhes análogos relativos ao gênero épico clássico, tais como o tempo pretérito arquetípico, a narração em terceira pessoa e estruturas discursivas semelhantes. Após o desenvolvimento dessa análise, voltamos nossa atenção para a atitude de súplica dos personagens, com o objetivo de demonstrar algumas diferenças significativas entre as atitudes de súplica exibidas pelos heróis gregos e pelos heróis indianos. Podemos observar em todas essas epopéias um quadro semelhante referente à atitude de súplica que busca restabelecer a ordem alterada: o herói ora ao seu deus para obter proteção e força que o tornem capaz de derrotar o inimigo, causador da desordem. Para além desse quadro, no entanto, com análise mais atenta, podemos verificar que o suplicante revela também intenções mais íntimas, ligadas aos anseios referentes à sua vida futura e cujo estudo nos leva a conhecer concepções teológicas e filosóficas da sociedade da época de produção dessas obras. Com o conhecimento das diferenças entre certos conceitos pertinentes à cultura grega e cultura indiana, obtemos elementos para a compreensão das diferenças entre as atitudes de súplica apresentadas pelos heróis dos épicos referentes a essas culturas. Assim, esse relacionamento entre deuses e homens é um aspecto fundamental nessas obras. Faz parte dos valores determinados de antemão pelo destinador sóciohistórico, com os quais o sujeito da enunciação constrói esses discursos. Nessas construções lingüísticas da Antigüidade há um contrato veridictório proposto e assumido referente à exposição alegórica do poder de atuação dos heróis. Nesse contrato, o enunciatário aceita a proposta de que esse poder é conferido pelos deuses. Desse modo, o sujeito da enunciação se desdobra em enunciador e enunciatário, cujas caracterizações nos permitem ter acesso à enunciação. O estudo das diferenças entre as atitudes de súplicas dos heróis gregos e dos heróis indianos foi levado a cabo através de um exame da construção dos sujeitos, em que analisamos marcas diversas existentes no texto - que nos permitem recuperar a enunciação - e também temas sustentados por formações ideológicas. Assim, após inserir cada texto no contexto de sua formação ideológica, examinamos o sentido construído pelo sujeito do discurso de cada obra, e procuramos mostrar essas diferenças / The aim of this thesis is to present a comparative study between the Greek epic poems The Iliad and The Odyssey, and the Indian epics The Mahabharata and The Ramayana. In a first instance we shall analyze some of the several similarities occurring within these epic poems. During this first stage, we shall highlight how these poems make use of similar literary elements; have similar objectives, present similar mythological aspects (i.e. heroes descending from gods; resemblances in the characteristics of the gods) and present similar themes. We also point out similarities in regard to the genre, such as the use of archetypal past tenses and of a third person narrative, as well as of similar discursive structures. After this first analysis we direct our attention to the pleading attitude of the characters in order to highlight some of the significant differences between the attitude of supplication exhibited by the Greek hero and the attitude of supplication exhibited by the Indian hero. Similar scenarios can be recognized in the body of all these epic poems in regard to this attitude of supplicating for the power to re-establish a harmony that has been disrupted: in all of them a hero prays to his god with the hope that he will be granted the protection and strength with which he will be able to defeat the cause of disturbance, depicted as the enemy. However when a more careful analysis is carried out we verify that the supplicant sometimes is also manifesting personal objectives, which are connected to his own expectations about his future. The study of these more subtle personal intentions took us to a thorough study of both the theological and philosophical thought processes of the Greek and Indian societies during the historical periods when these poems were produced. This study of the differences found within the above mentioned thought processes provided relevant information which in turn enabled us to better understand the subtle differences found in the pleading attitudes of the epic heroes related to these cultures. These relationships between gods and men are a fundamental aspect of these writings. They are directly linked to values previously established by the social and historical determiners, with which the subject of the enunciation builds up these discourses. In these linguistic structures of ancient times we find what can be referred to as a pre-established agreement between the enunciator and the enunciater. This agreement is directly connected to the allegorical exhibitions of the acting powers of the heroes, i.e. the enunciater accepts without questioning the proposal that the heroes\' superhuman powers are granted by the gods. Thus the subject of the enunciation unfolds itself between the enunciator and the enunciater, whose characterizations allow us to have access to the enunciation. In summary this study of the differences between the pleading attitude of the Greek hero and the Indian hero was undertaken through examining the construction of the subjective. We analysed several different elements of the texts - this allowed us to recover the enunciation - and we also analyzed themes supported by the ideological backgrounds of the texts. In this way, after inserting the text within the context of the specific historical ideological scenario of each one, we were able to examine the linguistic meanings brought up by the subjective of the discourses and subsequently seek to clarify the resulting differences

Research Doctorate - Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) / In this study, we examine the involvement of Churches and Government in New South Wales Aboriginal Reserves and Stations during the twentieth century (1900-1975). Two non-denominational Missions, the United Aborigines’ Mission (UAM) also called the Australian Aborigines’ Mission (AAM) and the Australian Inland Mission (AIM) were particularly active and they both started their work in New South Wales before extending it into other Australian States. Their action in New South Wales was distinctive because it mostly involved women and the missionaries were sent to live with Aboriginal communities. Therefore, unlike the ‘strictly authoritarian’ approach adopted in Northern Territory or Western Australia, missionaries in NSW lived by themselves among people who had settled in Reserves and maintained as much as possible a sense of community. The establishment of Aboriginal Schools gave Missions the opportunity to strengthen their influence among the communities. Elementary education was at the core of the intervention of the Government and the Missions. While the Missions’ involvement was accepted and even encouraged by the State Government at first, as soon as its agency, the Aborigines’ Protection Board was given the legislative power to control Aboriginal people, the Missions were induced to confine themselves to the religious sphere. The study demonstrates that while the White institutions sought to extend their authority over Aboriginal people, the latter were asserting their agency. Thus, some communities appear to have embraced evangelical forms of Christianity when the control of the administration was reaching its peak. As government managers were sent in Aboriginal reserves, in the 1930s, exclusive Native Church Conventions gained momentum. In 1940, the new agency of the Government, the Aborigines’ Welfare Board, aimed at implementing a new policy: the assimilation of Aboriginal people. From that time, the Government became reluctant about the involvement of the Missions and encouraged town local denominational churches to open their congregations to accept Aborigines. This attempt failed as neither the Black nor the White congregations were disposed to integrate. Thus the study highlights how the relations between the Church and the Government ebbed and flowed as both institutions wanted to assert their control over New South Wales Aboriginal communities. The research also demonstrates how Aboriginal people were able to resist within the constraints, revealing a constant negotiation - overt but also concealed - between these three groups. The translation into French of an Australian history book about the relations between Aboriginal people and Europeans is closely related to the historical research. Indeed, the Manning Valley was one of the places where the Missions and later on the Native Churches were particularly influential. Therefore some people like Ella Simon and Bert Marr are present in both works - the thesis and the history book. It seems appropriate to end the thesis with the translation of an interview given by Ella Simon. As always she talks proudly of her Aboriginal culture and at times continues without addressing the interviewer’s question. Thus when the interviewer asked if she is telling a ‘true story and not a legend’, her only answer is: ‘it’s about Forster.' The translation will hopefully offer a more informed view of Australian history and more specifically Aboriginal-European relations to a francophone readership. Although aware that ‘rewriting is a manipulation undertaken in the service of power’, we would like to think that ‘in its positive aspect’, rewriting or translating ‘can help in the evolution of a literature and a society.’

<p>This thesis presents an evaluation of the Solaris version of the Xen virtual machine monitor and a comparison of its performance to the performance of Solaris Containers under similar conditions. Xen is a virtual machine monitor, based on the paravirtualization approach, which provides an instruction set different to the native machine environment and therefore requires modifications to the guest operating systems. Solaris Zones is an operating system-level virtualization technology that is part of the Solaris OS. Furthermore, we provide a basic performance evaluation of the security modules for Xen and Zones, known as sHype and Solaris Trusted Extensions, respectively.</p><p>We evaluate the control domain (know as Domain-0) and the user domain performance as the number of user domains increases. Testing Domain-0 with an increasing number of user domains allows us to evaluate how much overhead virtual operating systems impose in the idle state and how their number influences the overall system performance. Testing one user domain and increasing the number of idle domains allows us to evaluate how the number of domains influences operating system performance. Testing concurrently loaded increasing numbers of user domains we investigate total system efficiency and load balancing dependent on the number of running systems.</p><p>System performance was limited by CPU, memory, and hard drive characteristics. In the case of CPU-bound tests Xen exhibited performance close to the performance of Zones and to the native Solaris performance, loosing 2-3% due to the virtualization overhead. In case of memory-bound and hard drive-bound tests Xen showed 5 to 10 times worse performance.</p>

Time-optimal solutions provide us with the fastest means to regulate a system in presence of input constraints. This advantage of time-optimal control solutions is offset by the fact that their real-time implementation involves computationally intensive iterative techniques. Moreover, time-optimal controls depend on the initial state and have to be recalculated for even the slightest perturbation. Clearly time-optimal controls are not good candidates for online regulation. Consequently, the search for alternatives to time-optimal solutions is a very active area of research. The work described here is inspired by the simplicity of optimal-aim concept. The "optimal-aim strategies" provide online regulation in presence of bounded inputs with minimal computational effort. These are based purely on state-space geometry of the plant and are inherently adaptive in nature. Optimal-aim techniques involve aiming of trajectory derivative (or the state velocity vector) so as to approach the equilibrium state in the best possible manner. This thesis documents the efforts to develop an online regulation algorithm for systems with input constraints. Through a number of hypotheses focussed on trying to reproduce the exact time-optimal solution, the diffculty associated with this task is demonstrated. A modification of optimal-aim concept is employed to develop a novel regulation algorithm. In this algorithm, aim directions are chosen in a special manner to generate the time-optimal control approximately. The control scheme thus developed is shown to be globally stabilizing for systems having eigenvalues in the CLHP (closed left half-plane). It is expected that this method or its modifications can be extended to higher dimensional systems as a part of future research. An alternative control algorithm involving a simple state-space aiming concept is also developed and discussed.

Instant Messaging besitzt zweifelsohne eine sehr gro&szlig;e Zukunft. Es ist vergleichbar mit dem Short Message Service (SMS), der einen sehr gro&szlig;en Stellenwert im Mobilfunk hat. Neben der f&uuml;r SMS charakteristischen schnellen &Uuml;bermittlung von Textnachrichten bietet Instant Messaging weitere Vorteile: es ist f&uuml;r den Sender auf den ersten Blick ersichtlich, ob der Gespr&auml;chspartner f&uuml;r eine Kommunikation zur Verf&uuml;gung steht. Neben Textnachrichten k&ouml;nnen aber auch Informationen wie Bilder, Videos oder andere Formate &uuml;bermittelt werden. <br> <br> Auch f&uuml;r Organisationen ist ein Einsatz von Instant Messaging sehr interessant. Besonders in diesem Zusammenhang spielt die Sicherheit eine sehr wichtige Rolle. Daher besch&auml;ftigt sich diese Diplomarbeit vorrangig mit Instant Messaging-Systemen hinsichtlich der Prinzipien der Systemsicherheit wie Integrit&auml;t, Vertraulichkeit und Verf&uuml;gbarkeit. <br> <br> Ein weiterer Aspekt ist das Fehlen eines standardisierten Instant Messaging-Protokolls. Viele Anbieter von Instant Messaging-Systemen halten ihr System f&uuml;r das Beste und versuchen, soviele Kunden wie m&ouml;glich an sich zu binden. Daher befasst sich diese Diplomarbeit ebenfalls mit den verbreitetsten Instant Messaging-Systemen, um deren Vor- und Nachteile herauszukristallisieren. Im Weiteren wird die Funktionsweise der Protokolle erkl&auml;rt. <br> <br> Gerade im privaten Bereich spielen Konferenzsysteme (&quot;Chat&quot;) eine wichtige Rolle. Neben den Instant Messaging-Systemen wird auch diese M&ouml;glichkeit der Kommunikation beleuchtet. <br> <br> Diese Diplomarbeit wird vom Bundesamt f&uuml;r Sicherheit in der Informationstechnik (BSI), Referat &quot;IT-Sicherheitsmanagement und IT-Grundschutz&quot; betreut.

Telekombranschen står inför flera utmaningar, fokuset för den här studien handlar om utmaningen med kvalitetsmål. För den här studien blev det naturligt att undersöka problematiken genom att studera de anställda inom branschen. Den här studien utforskar vad som motiverar de anställda att arbeta kvalitativt med de tjänster som erbjuds kunderna, studien fokuserar på fem olika ledare i fem olika organisationer och anställda med olika säljandebefattningar. Studien undersöker belöningssystem och hur dessa är tänkta att motivera medarbetare att nå sina målbilder men även om organisationerna tenderar att lyfta fram vissa mål framför andra. I studien används både semistrukturerade intervjuer samt ett kvantitativt enkätutskick för att samla in data. Studien baseras på etablerade teorier inom marknadsföring, management samt psykologi. Det empiriska datamaterialet analyserades med stöd från teorierna vilket gav slutsatsen att belöningssystemen i branschen tyder på att vara missriktade i den utsträckning att det kan ha en påverkan på medarbetarnas motivation och deras driv för att arbeta för en hög kvalitet. / The telecommunication industry stands before many challenges, the focus in this essay is based on the quality goal challenges. In this study the natural way to explore this challenge is to investigate the employees working with sales in the industry. This essay explores what motivates the employees to work for high quality in the services they provide to the customers. The study focus on the relationship between the leaders and the employees of the industry. This study explore the reward systems and how the systems intend to motivate the employees to reach their goals and if there is any differences in how the goals that tend to be of greater importance to the organizations. In this study both semi-structured interviews as well as a quantitative survey is used to complement each other in order to collect data. The essay is based on different established theories in management, marketing and behaviorist studies. The analysis compared the empirical data with our theories which gave us the conclusion that reward systems in this industry may be misdirected in the case of motivating and rewarding employees to work for quality goals.