As associações de interesse privado (AIPs) são importantes agentes de ações coletivas e, no agronegócio, desempenham funções fundamentais para o bom funcionamento de um sistema agroindistrial. Com as mudanças ocorridas no ambiente competitivo, as AIPs também tiveram que se reestruturar. Compreender e antecipar a dinâmica do ambiente global do agronegócio será cada vez mais crítico para o sucesso de uma organização. Nesse sentido, o planejamento estratégico é uma ferramenta essencial para enfrentar as mudanças e aumentar as oportunidades. Tão importante quanto o exercício de pensar e planejar é colocar em prática o plano. A implementação bem-sucedida de um plano é fundamental. As organizações despendem recursos financeiros e tempo na construção de planos estratégicos que buscam ser eficazes e trazer retornos à organização; porém, nem sempre os retornos esperados são alcançados, sendo que os motivos do resultado negativo não esperado derivam, em boa parte, da descontinuidade dos planos ou da escolha errônea da estratégia de implementação. Na literatura são encontrados diversas ferramentas e métodos para a construção de planos estratégicos, contudo, no que tange ao processo de implementação e gestão do plano, pouco se encontra com profundidade, especialmente em relação à implementação em AIPs. Nesse contexto, o objetivo geral que rege esta pesquisa é entender os principais desafios que as associações de interesse privado do agronegócio enfrentam para implementação de seus planos estratégicos e propor um método de implementação de plano estratégico para AIPs. Para chegar aos resultados pretendidos, fez-se uso da técnica de desk research, grounded theory e cinco estudos de caso com AIPs do agronegócio. Como resultado, esta tese trouxe um levantamento das principais dificuldades que as AIPs enfrentam na implementação de seu plano estratégico, bem como apresentou um levantamento de fatores de sucesso que podem ser adotadas pelas AIPs na implementação de planos estratégicos. A pesquisa traz, ainda, uma proposta de método de implementação de planos estratégicos para AIPs do agronegócio. O método proposto é um método teórico-empírico, podendo ter utilidade para a comunidade empresarial e acadêmica. A relevância deste estudo está na proposta inédita de discutir, no âmbito acadêmico, os problemas e fatores de sucesso enfrentados pelas AIPs do agronegócio na implementação de planos estratégicos, além de propor um método que visa auxiliar as AIPs neste processo. Além das contribuições acadêmicas, este estudo traz implicações gerenciais no que se refere à melhoria do sucesso da implementação de planos estratégicos em AIPs, buscando aumentar, assim, a sua competitividade / Private interest associations (PIAs) have great importance as agents of collective actions, and in agribusiness they have fundamental functions for the proper functioning of an agribusiness chain. With the changes in the competitive environment, PIAs also had to restructure. Understanding and anticipating the dynamics of the global agribusiness environment will be increasingly critical to the success of an organization, in this sense, strategic planning is an essential tool to face change and increase opportunities. As important as exercise of thinking and planning, it is to execute the plan; therefore, the successful implementation of a plan is critical. Organizations spend financial resources and time to build a strategic plan that aims to be effective and get returns to the organization, but not always the expected returns are achieved, largely by the discontinuation of the plans or by the wrong choice of implementation strategy. In the literature are found several tools and methods for building strategic plans, however, regarding the implementation process and plan management, little is found with depth, especially in relation to implementation in PIAs. In this context, the general objective of this thesis is to raise the main problems faced by PIAs on implementation of strategic plans and propose a method for strategic plan implementing the in agribusiness PIAs. In order to reach the desired results, the desk research, grounded theory and five case studies with agribusiness PIAs that practice strategic planning were used. As a result, this thesis has presented a survey of the main points of difficulties and failure factors that a PIA may face in strategic plan implementation, as well as a survey of success factors that can be adopted by the PIAs in the strategic plans implementation. The research also was proposed a method for strategic plans implementing in agribusiness AIPs. The proposed is a theoretical-empirical method, wich may be useful fot he business and academic community. The relevance of this study is in the unprecedented proposal to discuss in the academic sphere, the problems and success factors faced by agribusiness PIAs in strategic plans implementation, besides proposing a method that aims to assist the PIAs in this process. In addition to the academic contributions, this study intends to have managerial implications for improving the success of the strategic plan implementation in agribusiness PIAs, seeking to increase their competitiveness

As associações de interesse privado (AIPs) são importantes agentes de ações coletivas e, no agronegócio, desempenham funções fundamentais para o bom funcionamento de um sistema agroindistrial. Com as mudanças ocorridas no ambiente competitivo, as AIPs também tiveram que se reestruturar. Compreender e antecipar a dinâmica do ambiente global do agronegócio será cada vez mais crítico para o sucesso de uma organização. Nesse sentido, o planejamento estratégico é uma ferramenta essencial para enfrentar as mudanças e aumentar as oportunidades. Tão importante quanto o exercício de pensar e planejar é colocar em prática o plano. A implementação bem-sucedida de um plano é fundamental. As organizações despendem recursos financeiros e tempo na construção de planos estratégicos que buscam ser eficazes e trazer retornos à organização; porém, nem sempre os retornos esperados são alcançados, sendo que os motivos do resultado negativo não esperado derivam, em boa parte, da descontinuidade dos planos ou da escolha errônea da estratégia de implementação. Na literatura são encontrados diversas ferramentas e métodos para a construção de planos estratégicos, contudo, no que tange ao processo de implementação e gestão do plano, pouco se encontra com profundidade, especialmente em relação à implementação em AIPs. Nesse contexto, o objetivo geral que rege esta pesquisa é entender os principais desafios que as associações de interesse privado do agronegócio enfrentam para implementação de seus planos estratégicos e propor um método de implementação de plano estratégico para AIPs. Para chegar aos resultados pretendidos, fez-se uso da técnica de desk research, grounded theory e cinco estudos de caso com AIPs do agronegócio. Como resultado, esta tese trouxe um levantamento das principais dificuldades que as AIPs enfrentam na implementação de seu plano estratégico, bem como apresentou um levantamento de fatores de sucesso que podem ser adotadas pelas AIPs na implementação de planos estratégicos. A pesquisa traz, ainda, uma proposta de método de implementação de planos estratégicos para AIPs do agronegócio. O método proposto é um método teórico-empírico, podendo ter utilidade para a comunidade empresarial e acadêmica. A relevância deste estudo está na proposta inédita de discutir, no âmbito acadêmico, os problemas e fatores de sucesso enfrentados pelas AIPs do agronegócio na implementação de planos estratégicos, além de propor um método que visa auxiliar as AIPs neste processo. Além das contribuições acadêmicas, este estudo traz implicações gerenciais no que se refere à melhoria do sucesso da implementação de planos estratégicos em AIPs, buscando aumentar, assim, a sua competitividade / Private interest associations (PIAs) have great importance as agents of collective actions, and in agribusiness they have fundamental functions for the proper functioning of an agribusiness chain. With the changes in the competitive environment, PIAs also had to restructure. Understanding and anticipating the dynamics of the global agribusiness environment will be increasingly critical to the success of an organization, in this sense, strategic planning is an essential tool to face change and increase opportunities. As important as exercise of thinking and planning, it is to execute the plan; therefore, the successful implementation of a plan is critical. Organizations spend financial resources and time to build a strategic plan that aims to be effective and get returns to the organization, but not always the expected returns are achieved, largely by the discontinuation of the plans or by the wrong choice of implementation strategy. In the literature are found several tools and methods for building strategic plans, however, regarding the implementation process and plan management, little is found with depth, especially in relation to implementation in PIAs. In this context, the general objective of this thesis is to raise the main problems faced by PIAs on implementation of strategic plans and propose a method for strategic plan implementing the in agribusiness PIAs. In order to reach the desired results, the desk research, grounded theory and five case studies with agribusiness PIAs that practice strategic planning were used. As a result, this thesis has presented a survey of the main points of difficulties and failure factors that a PIA may face in strategic plan implementation, as well as a survey of success factors that can be adopted by the PIAs in the strategic plans implementation. The research also was proposed a method for strategic plans implementing in agribusiness AIPs. The proposed is a theoretical-empirical method, wich may be useful fot he business and academic community. The relevance of this study is in the unprecedented proposal to discuss in the academic sphere, the problems and success factors faced by agribusiness PIAs in strategic plans implementation, besides proposing a method that aims to assist the PIAs in this process. In addition to the academic contributions, this study intends to have managerial implications for improving the success of the strategic plan implementation in agribusiness PIAs, seeking to increase their competitiveness

Estágio realizado na WIPRO e orientado pelo Eng.º Rui Pinto / Tese de mestrado integrado. Engenharia Informática e Computação. Faculdade de Engenharia. Universidade do Porto. 2010

In air traffic, safety is the key word. Safety is kept in numerous ways. One of these ways is with the help of Aeronautical Information (AI). AI is all information regarding air traffic, i.e. aerodrome hours of operation, weather reports and information about unserviceable navigational aids. Sometimes it happens that some of the information does not reach the pilots in the aircraft, which can have a negative impact on safety. This thesis examines the flow of AI all the way from the originator of the information to the end-user, and analyzes it to find where the errors occur. The thesis is based on the rules and regulations set by ICAO, the International Civil Aviation Organization, two field trips to the Swedish AI provider LFV, and interviews with four airlines, Novair, NextJet, Malmö Aviation, and SAS. The results exposes where in the flow the weakness exists, and finally gives advice as to how these weaknesses can be addressed.

Eine abnormal invasive Plazenta (AIP) wird definiert durch eine invasiv in das Myometrium des Uterus einwachsende Plazenta und kennzeichnet eine geburtsmedizinische Problematik, die mit einer hohen maternalen Morbidität und Mortalität assoziiert ist. Das Krankheitsbild ist einer der schwerwiegendsten Schwangerschaftskomplikationen und gewinnt durch steigende Sectioraten zunehmend an klinischer Relevanz (Eshkoli et al., 2013; Kamara et al., 2013; Robert M. Silver et al., 2006). Die AIP ist eine außerdem der Hauptgrund für eine peripartale Hysterektomie (Daskalakis et al., 2007). Leider gibt es derzeit noch keine konsensuale optimale Behandlungsstrategie. Goldstandard ist immer noch die einzeitige Sectio-Hysterektomie, die jedoch mit einer hohen blutungsverbundenen Morbidität assoziiert ist (Amsalem et al., 2011; Grace Tan et al., 2013; Jauniaux et al., 2018). Diese retrospektive Studie ist eine qualitätssichernde Analyse des Managements und des Outcomes der Patientinnen, die an der Universitätsklinik Leipzig mit der Diagnose AIP mit zwei verschiedenen therapeutischen Ansätzen behandelt wurden. Sie soll dazu beitragen, die klinikinterne Beratung von Schwangeren mit Risikofaktoren für eine Plazentationsstörung oder bereits gestellter Diagnose sowie die Therapie des Krankheitsbildes basierend auf den gewonnenen Erkenntnissen, zu optimieren. Außerdem soll die Studie einen Beitrag zu einem genauer festgelegten Management der abnorm invasiven Plazenta leisten. Hierfür wurden Patientendaten des Zeitraumes 2003-2018 recherchiert und mit dem Statistikprogramm BM© SPSS Statistic ausgewertet. Bis April 2013 wurden betroffene Patientinnen (n=16) nach dem bisherigen einzeitigen Vorgehen behandelt, das in jedem Fall einzeitig geplant war und meist eine Sectio-Hysterektomie, seltener eine Exzision des increten bzw. percreten Plazentaareals mit anschließender Uterusrekonstruktion umfasste. Seit April 2013 wird ein neues Vorgehen mit zweizeitiger Plazentaresektion oder zweizeitige Hysterektomie (Leipziger Hybrid-Modell) angestrebt (n = 24). Der Schwerpunkt der Auswertung lag auf dem Vergleich der beiden Vorgehensweisen, bezogen auf das maternale Outcome und die auftretenden Komplikationen, Umsetzbarkeit des Leipziger Hybrid-Modells, sowie dem Vergleich der einzeitigen Hysterektomie mit den restlichen Therapien. Außerdem wurde das Outcome bezogen auf den Ausprägungsgrad der AIP, das neonatale Outcome und die Übereinstimmung des präoperativen Befundes der Sonografie mit dem der MRT verglichen. Diese Studie gibt Hinweis darauf, dass das Leipziger-Hybrid- Modell, eine legitime Behandlungsstrategie ist, die tendenziell mit einer verringerten blutungsassoziierten maternalen Morbidität verbunden ist. Bei Patientinnen, die nach neuem Vorgehen behandelt wurden, traten seltener atone Blutungen und insgesamt seltener ein hoher Blutverlust auf als bei Patientinnen, die nach dem alten Vorgehen behandelt wurden. Zudem ist ein Unteruserhalt und eine damit verbundene weitere Fertilität in 41,7% der Fäll möglich gewesen. In Bezug auf die Hysterektomie gibt unsere Studie einen Hinweis darauf, dass die einzeitige Hysterektomie mit einer höheren maternalen Morbidität verbunden ist, als die einzeitige oder zweizeitige Plazentaresektion bzw. eine zweizeitige Hysterektomie. Insbesondere bezieht sich dies auf den Blutverlust (Gruppe 1: Median 3850 ml, Gruppe 2: Median 2000 ml, p=0,01), den Transfusionsbedarf von Blutkonserven (Gruppe 1: Median= 9,5 vs. Gruppe 2: Median=6, p=0,061), sowie auf den Bedarf an FFP-Transfusionen (Gruppe 1: 13/17 (76,5%), Gruppe 2: 9/23 (39,1%), p=0,04). Auch der Bedarf an Gerinnungsfaktoren wie Tranexamsäure, Fibrinogen oder Trombozytenkonzentraten war bei Patientinnen mit einzeitiger Sectio-Hysterektomie höher (Gruppe 10: 7/17 (41,2%) vs. Gruppe 2: 6/23 (26,1%), p=0,27). Außerdem scheint die einzeitige Hysterektomie tendenziell mit einem höheren Blutverlust assoziiert zu sein, als die zweizeitige Hysterektomie (p=0,029). Bei abgeschlossener Kinderplanung ist dies eine gute therapeutische Alternative. Die einzeitige Sectio-Hysterektomie bleibt jedoch eine weitere relevante Behandlungsmethode bis prospektiv-randomisiert kontrollierte Studien einen klaren Vorteil des konservativen, zweizeitigen Managements aufzeigen. Es gibt weiterhin Hinweise darauf, dass das Leipziger Hybrid-Model mit einer niedrigeren neonatalen Morbidität aufgrund eines höheren Gestationsalters zur Geburt verbunden ist. Während des alten Vorgehens lag das mediane GA bei Geburt bei 33. SSW, während innerhalb des neuen Vorgehens ein medianes GA von 35. SSW erreicht werden konnte (p=0,19).

Le cancer du sein est une maladie complexe résultant de la prolifération non contrôlée des cellules mammaires. Plus de 70% des tumeurs mammaires expriment les récepteurs des oestrogènes (ER) et peuvent bénéficier d’hormonothérapies ciblées. Parmi les thérapies hormonales, on y retrouve des anti-oestrogènes tel que le Fulvestrant. Les mécanismes d’action de ERα ne sont pas encore tous connus, d’où l’importance d’étudier son interactome. Un TurboID a été effectué dans la lignée cellulaire ERα+ ZR75.1. Ceci a permis d’identifier de potentiels interacteurs de ERα en réponse à différents traitements (E2 vs Fulvestrant) : GATAD2B, une sous-unité du complexe répresseur NuRD, et AIP, un interacteur connu du récepteur d’aryl hydrocarbone (AHR). Ces deux complexes sont connus comme pouvant être impliqué dans la signalisation par ERα. Nous avons donc émis comme hypothèse que GATAD2B et AIP étaient des cofacteurs de ERα et pouvaient avoir un impact sur l’activité transcriptionnelle de ERα. Nos objectifs étaient de mieux comprendre la relation entre ces protéines et ERα. Nous avons d’abord validé la colocalisation et la proximité de ces protéines avec ERα dans les cellules ER+ ZR-75-1. Nous avons ensuite observé l’interaction de ERα avec GATAD2B et AIP. De plus, des analyses par ChIP-qPCR ont permis d’observer le recrutement de ces protéines aux EREs du promoteur de GREB1 et que ce recrutement pouvait être modulé par les ligands de ERα. Finalement, nous avons pu observer par RNAseq que l’inhibition de GATAD2B entraînait une surexpression de groupes de gènes impliquées dans la réponse oestrogénique ERα-dépendante. Ainsi, nos travaux suggèrent que GATAD2B et AIP sont des interacteurs de ERα dans les cellules ER+ ZR-75-1. De plus, les résultats préliminaires semblent indiquer que GATAD2B pourrait jouer un rôle dans la répression de l’activité transcriptionnelle de ERα en présence de Fulvestrant. / Breast cancer is a complex and heterogenous disease resulting form the uncontrolled proliferation of breast cells. More than 70% of breast tumors express ERα and can benefit from targeted hormonotherapies. Among hormonal therapies, there are antiestrogens such as Fulvestrant. The mechanism of action of ERα signaling are still not all known and therefore, more studies need to be done to better understand Erα signaling pathways. With the aim to identify potential novel Erα interactors, a TurboID screening was done in ER+ cells, ZR-75-1. This screening led to the identification of GATAD2B, a sub-unit of the NuRD repressive complex, and AIP, a known interactor of AhR. Cross-signaling pathways between these two complexes and ERα are known. We hypothesized that GATAD2B and AIP were ERα cofactors could impact ERα transcriptional activity. Therefore, we aimed to better understand the relationship between these proteins and ERα. We first validated the colocalization and proximity of these proteins with ERα in ER+ ZR-75-1 cells. We then observed the interaction of ERα with GATAD2B and AIP. In addition, ChIP-seq experiments led to the observation of the recruitment of these proteins to the EREs of GREB1 promoter and that this recruitment could be modulated by ERα ligands. Finally, we were able to observe by RNAseq that the inhibition of GATAD2B leads to an overexpression of groups of genes involved in the ERα-dependent estrogen response. To conclude, our work suggests that GATAD2B and AIP are ERα interactors in ER+ ZR-75-1 cells. Additionally, preliminary results suggest that GATAD2B may play a role in suppressing ERα transcriptional activity in the presence of Fulvestrant.

No description available.

The brain is a highly complex structure; neurons extend axons which follow precise paths to make connections with their targets. This extension is guided by a specialised and highly motile structure at the axon tip -the growth cone- which integrates guidance cues to steer the axon through the environment. Aberrant pathfinding is likely to result in developmental impairments causing disruption to brain functions underlying emotion learning and memory. Furthermore, pre-existing connections are constantly remodelled, the ability to do so declines with age, and can have huge impacts on quality of life and well-being. Examining how changes in growth cone behaviour triggered by external cues occurs is crucial for understanding processes in both development and disease. Controlled reorganisation of growth cone cytoskeletal components, such as actin filaments, generate membrane protrusions forming lamellipodia and filopodia. Filopodium formation is commonly associated with sensing the mechanical and chemical environment of the cell. Despite our understanding of the guidance choices that can be made, how filopodia transmit information at a molecular level leading to profound changes in morphology, motility and directionality remains largely unknown. Various actin-binding proteins regulate the number, stability and branching of filopodia. They may therefore have a key role in priming or abrogating the ability of the growth cone to respond to a given guidance cue. I have shown that the actin binding proteins drebrin and cofilin, whilst displaying opposing molecular activities on actin filaments, work synergistically in a temporally regulated manner. A fluorescent membrane marker combined with tagged cofilin and drebrin enabled accurate correlation of cofilin and drebrin dynamics with growth cone morphology and filopodial turnover in live neurons. In contrast to previous in vitro experiments, cofilin was found to enhance the effect of drebrin to promote filopodia formation in intact neurons, and that growth cone spread was significantly constrained when cofilin was knocked down. Importantly, this adds to our understanding of how the two actin binding proteins contribute to directed motility in neuronal growth cone filopodia during guidance. Furthermore, following acute treatment with low concentrations of the repulsive guidance cue semaphorin-3A, neuronal growth cones expressing cofilin displayed increased morphological complexity and filopodial stability. This suggests that traditional collapse signals may serve as pause signals allowing neurons to increase the surface area to sense the environment adequately and enable precise wiring decisions. Remodeling of the cytoskeleton is perturbed in a number of degenerative diseases including Alzheimer's, Huntington's, and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. These conditions are associated with widespread synaptic loss, resulting in memory loss, cognitive impairment, and movement disorders which leads to severe deterioration in quality of life for those afflicted in addition to wider negative socioeconomic impacts. How widespread synaptic loss occurs is poorly understood. One common characteristic is neuronal stress which can be initiated through different conditions such as neuroinflammation, energetic stress, glutamate excitotoxicity, and accumulation of misfolded proteins, all of which have been associated with perturbation of the actin cytoskeleton and the initiation of the cofilin-actin rod stress response. Dysfunction of the cytoskeleton can lead to the disruption of synaptic activity by blocking the delivery of elements such as organelles and proteins required for maintenance of the synapse. Modulating this stress response offers an approach to protecting the integrity of normal synaptic function. Actin interacting protein-1 is a conserved actin binding protein that enhances the filament disassembly activity of cofilin. I have discovered that AIP-1 has a potent ability to prevent the formation of cofilin rods which are thought to contribute to the neuronal dysfunction in several neurodegenerative disorders, even when they are treated with amyloid-β or subjected to metabolic stress. This is the first study to demonstrate a molecular mechanism for preventing rod formation in the presence of a neuronal stressor and has the potential to protect against rod formation by other stressors associated with disease such as inflammation and excitotoxicity. AIP-1 offers the exciting possibility of a means to reverse cofilin rod formation and the subsequent cytoskeletal pathology associated with dementia and has potential for therapeutic exploitation in human disease. Furthermore, it is the first study to demonstrate that AIP-1 localises to areas of rapid actin remodeling in neuronal growth cones. Exploiting the action of AIP-1 therefore represents an exciting and novel therapeutic avenue to tackle neurodegeneration.

Falls can lead to unintentional injuries and possibly death, making falls an important public health problem in terms of related health care cost, incurred disabilities, and years of life lost. Approximately 1 in every 3 Americans ages 65 years and older is at risk of falling at least once every year. Children, young adults, and middle-aged adults are also vulnerable to falls. The purpose of this study was to examine the epidemiology of falls and fall-related injuries using surveillance data from nationally representative samples of hospital emergency departments in United States. The study was guided by a social-ecological model on the premise that multiple levels of risk factors affect health. Using a cross-sectional study and archival data from NEISS-AIP between 2009 and 2011, the result of multiple logistic regression indicated that age, gender, race and body part affected were significantly associated with hospitalization due to falls (p < .001) and incident locale independently predicted hospitalization due to falls in which hospitalization due to falls was considered a proxy measure of fall severity. The odds in each of the groups for fall injuries were (a) older adults versus children, 1.07 (95% CI: 1.05-1.08); (b) males versus females, 1.23 (95% CI: 1.21-1.26); (c) Blacks versus Whites, 2.12 (95% CI: 2.11-2.13); (d) body part extremities versus head area, 0.98 (95% CI: 0.97-0.99); and (e) outside home versus inside home, 1.14 (95% CI: 1.13-1.15). The results of this study may be important in forming and implementing age-specific prevention strategies and specialized safety training programs for all age groups, thereby reducing deaths, disabilities, and considerable health care cost associated with hospitalization due to fall-related injuries.

No description available.