Oxidative stress is caused by an imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants. Oxidative stress generated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) or reactive nitrogen species (RNS) occurs when protection of antioxidants fails or when an amount of ROS is too high. Telomeres, regions of repetitive nucleotide sequences at the end of chromosomes, are especially sensitive to oxidative stress because they contain a lot of guanine which is often oxidised. Antioxidants play an important role in protection against oxidative stress. In this thesis I analysed the effect of oxidative stress caused by paraquat on activity of antioxidant enzymes (catalase and superoxide dismutase) and telomere length in Locusta migratoria. I also studied differences in telomere length between locusts of various development stages and telomerase activity in locusts and other Orthoptera.

This diploma thesis deals with students´ movement activities of Faculty of Health and Social Studies at University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice. Theoretical part of this thesis is focused on a description of these activities and their influence on individual body systems, their negative influences and at least of a motivation to them. The aim of this work was to find out the students´ movement habits (the students of Faculty of Health and Social Studies at University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice) and compare these students´ movement activities between the Faculty of Health and Social Studies and the Faculty of Agriculture. There were given three hypothesis and for their statistical proofing was chosen an evaluation with chi-square test. The way of collecting dates was a questionnaire research. The respondents for my research were chosen accidentally, then was made an analysis of 300 questionnaires.

This thesis focuses on financial analysis of a small company, specifically a small retail store that specialises on children´s footwear. The aim of the thesis is to evaluate the financial health of the retail store. Methods of financial analysis are applied to data obtained from the financial statements from 2005 to 2017, while the change in the accounting method is reflected in the period. Horizontal and vertical analysis, analysis of differential and ratio indicators are used to perform financial analysis.

The main workload of the diploma thesis is to find the level of physical activity among adolescents between the ages of 16 and 18 years. Research is part of the nationwide detection of fitness and healthy lifestyle of youth. The theoretical part deals with the main characteristics of probands in the developmental stage of adolescence and the action of movement activity on their organism. The research section includes data, that was monitored using the Yamax Digiwalker SW-700 pedometer. A standardized IPEN questionnaire on the Indares.com website was also helped by the level of physical activity. The survey was started in December 2017 and the second part in March 2018. The research was attended by 37 students at the Medical School in Český Krumlov, of which 7 boys and 30 girls. The survey show, that boys are more active than girls. The average number of steps is 11,773 / day for boys and the highest measured value is 16,799 steps / day. A total of girls' steps are on average 10,781 steps. Both sexes meet the recommended daily number of steps. Nowadays, any physical activity has many beneficial effects on the body. Influence to technology and media, many students stay home after school and have not energy expenditure.

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common chronic autoimmune disorder characterised by persistent synovitis, typically manifested as symmetric polyarthritis of small hand joints with various extra-articular manifestations. Accurate disease activity measurement is a key component of RA management that facilitates therapeutic optimalization in order to slow down the disease progression and to prevent an irreversible joint damage. The aim of this work was to study the role of candidate serum inflammatory markers and their associations with the disease activity in patients with RA presented by traditional variables of disease activity as well as by musculoskeletal ultrasonography. Results: The first part of our work pointed out relationship between serum calprotectin and clinical as well as ultrasound activity in RA. We have revealed that serum calprotectin is an independent predictor of ultrasound synovitis. Moreover, we have demonstrated the potential of calprotectin to identify patients with residual activity in spite of achieving clinical remission. In the second part, we have provided a detailed analysis of 20 candidate serum markers and found out a tight associations between IL-6, IL-7, IL-22, IL-34, YKL-40, CXCL-13, MMP-3, resistin and visfatin with clinical and ultrasound activity....

Objective: In obese patients, we hypothesized physical exercise (PE) to affect lipids rather through its intrahepatic fat accumulation-lowering effect, associated with a decrease of total body fat (Fat%) and even weight (Mass), than through muscle work and an improvement of physical fitness. Design and setting: Thirty seven sedentary, non-diabetic women (BMI median 34.8 kg/m2) from our out- patient department were tested. Elimination criteria: recent weight reduction, lipid-influencing or heart rate-modifying medication. Interventions: PE protocol: 60 min supervised trainings, intensity at 65% of VO2max, modified by the Clamped Heart Rate test. Median (M) of total training hours was 34 during 115 days . Main Outcome Measurements: an effect of PE on total cholesterol (CH), triacylglycerols, HDL- cholesterol (HDL-C), LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C), index of atherogenity (IA), atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), maximum peak oxygen consumption (VO2max), Mass, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (Waist) and Fat%. Results: Statistically significant differences at start (_s) and at the end (_e) of PE (p<0.05): AIP -0.049, Mass -3.6 (kg), BMI -1.7 (kg/m2), Waist -2.5 (cm), Fat% -2.5, VO2max 2.92 (l.min-1.kg-1), W 16.4 (Watt). Correlation coefficients, Pearson's between Gaussian distributed (Gd-v) variables and...

4 Abstract Background: Insufficient physical activity is one of the leading modifiable risk factors responsible for numerous chronic diseases and for premature death. Walking can be considered as the most natural form of physical activity and can be easily incorporated into many activities of daily living. Interventions aimed at promoting walking could substantially contribute towards increasing physical activity levels of the most sedentary individuals; within these interventions, pedometers are commonly used as effective motivational instruments to increase walking in healthy adults and across a range clinical conditions. Additional counseling provided in regular intervals throughout the intervention period can positively influence patients' adherence and help patients overcome certain psychological or lifestyle barriers, ultimately increasing physical activity. Objectives: The main objectives are: (1) To evaluate the feasibility of a pedometer-based walking intervention supplemented with a counseling component in a pilot randomized controlled trial. (2) To assess the preliminary efficacy of the intervention on PA levels and health-related outcomes, including measures of mental health and health-related quality of life. (3) To qualitatively explore the views of patients participating in the intervention....

This thesis engages general influence by sports in the harmonious development healthy sportsmen in area of athletics sprint. At first it was necessary to find the newest informations about training and health. Afterwards these informations assort and process to form of literary study. The second part of this thesis uses these informations and target of this part was to create an project of training by using of method theoretical synthesis.

This diploma thesis deals with the problems of the children{\crq}s aerobics at the first grade of the primary school. The aim of the research was to find out the level of motoric skills and knowledge of the chidlren according to the observational method. Moreover, I examined the reactions of the children during the verbal and nonverbal communication made by hands and body on the basis of my own methodical plan. I was also interested in their knowledge or ignorance of English terminology used in the lessons of children{\crq}s aerobics. Three exemplary lessons, which can be hepful for teachers or instructors who want to deal with this activity, are part of my thesis.

Diploma assignment is focused on movement activitites preferences of pedagogical fakulty students on South Bohemia University in České Budějovice, subject first grade teaching on primery schools. Research was carried out on a group of chosen university students from the 1st. {--} 5th. year, aged 19 {--} 25, in period October {--} November 2006. PA questionnaires were used for answers. In theoretical part of assignment is worked with movement activities, its influence on health and place in everyday life of contemporary humans. Research part shows records of the study by tables and charts. Students are devided into several groups (eg. men, women) for comparing. Result summary and comparison are mentioned in discusion and conclusion part.