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In this dissertation, I investigate connections between French philosophy and the theory of architecture from the mid-1960s to the early 1990s. In the mid-1960s, many architects became acutely aware of the crisis of modern architecture embodied in the failings of social housing, the routinized corporate modernism of the postwar period, and the commodification of design. They questioned the principles of the Modern Movement and emphasized the “arbitrary” nature of the relationship between form and function while turning to French structuralism, semiology, and post-structuralism for potential answers. My period of study spans from the the period of political uprisings of the 1960s to the advent of digital design in the early 1990s.To date, little in-depth research has been done on the close relation between French philosophy and architecture in this period and its role in foreshadowing postmodern developments. My dissertation addresses this gap by presenting case studies of the theoretical work of six different architects: Aldo Rossi, Alan Colquhoun, Mario Gandelsonas and Diana Agrest, Bernard Tschumi, and Peter Eisenman. These case studies share a common thread: a preoccupation with structuralist and poststructuralist concerns with language. However, concepts such as “structure,” “event,” and “meaning” often have different meanings for each of these architects. Thus, my project could be described as a history and criticism of architectural theory—one that focuses specifically on the dissonances and contradictions present within the theoretical writings of these architects, while examining the polemics and discussions between them. I consider their built work only to the extent that it helps to elucidate or challenge theoretical concepts. Thus, in my case study on Aldo Rossi’s writings, I interrogate the analogy between the structuralist concern for articulating discrete and finite linguistic units and the latter’s notion of “type” and urban morphology. In the chapter on Alan Colquhoun, I discuss the influence that the work of Roland Barthes, Claude Lévi-Strauss, and Ferdinand de Saussure had on his reflections about “meaning” and “convention” in architecture. In the case study on the work of Diana Agrest and Mario Gandelsonas, I examine the extent to which their understanding of “theory” and of “ideology” is indebted to the work of Louis Althusser and trace the influence of Roland Barthes, whose seminar on S/Z they attended in Paris before moving to New York in 1971. Likewise, I analyze the role that thinkers such as Henri Lefebvre, Roland Barthes, and the Tel Quel circle in the late 1970s, and Jacques Derrida in the early 1980s had on Bernard Tschumi’s writings on the “polysemy of meaning” and on the “event.” Finally, I examine Peter Eisenman’s collaboration with Jacques Derrida in the 1980s questioning Eisenman’s eclectic appropriation of Derrida’s philosophical concepts. Besides elucidating this significant period of architecture in which many of the fundamental principles of modern architecture were overturned, in the conclusion of this study, I discuss briefly the “post-critical turn” in the architectural scholarship of the past two decades with the hope of challenging its basic assumptions. My hope is to contribute, through its critical reevaluation, to theory’s renewal.

El presente trabajo abordará las repercusiones que tuvo en Izquierda Unida (IU) la decisión del gobierno del presidente Alan García de ordenar el debelamiento de los motines protagonizados por los presos de Sendero Luminoso en las cárceles de Lurigancho, El Frontón y Santa Bárbara, entre el 18 y 19 de junio de 1986. / Tesis

Les modes de gestion et de représentation des territoires ancestraux autochtones sont encore aujourd’hui largement enclavés dans des structures rhétoriques colonialistes. Les notions de propriété privée et de frontière étatique, les mythes de la terra nullius et de la découverte, la dominance de l’écriture et la dévaluation de l’oralité, sont autant de préceptes sur lesquels s’appuient à ce jour les outils textuels législatifs et géopolitiques canadiens. Ainsi, les épistémologies autochtones se trouvent marginalisées et délégitimées au sein des lois, des cartes nationales et de certains traités, qui s’imposent comme des cadres naturalisés de création, de transmission et de négation des connaissances spatiales. Lors de processus de revendications territoriales, certains acteurs et actrices politiques se consacrent à une autochtonisation des vocabulaires et méthodologies discursives des arènes juridique et législative, parvenant à y tailler des espaces de résurgence pour les voix autochtones. Néanmoins, un tel exercice de traduction culturelle s’avère souvent hasardeux et unidirectionnel, pouvant mener à une instrumentalisation ou à une dénaturation des savoirs autochtones. Cette thèse porte sur les stratégies développées par des artistes et auteur.es autochtones qui démantèlent, autochtonisent et outrepassent les outils textuels étatiques. Elle vise à démontrer que leur articulation de récits intimes, intergénérationnels et mythologiques comme matrices théorisantes permet une réactivation des réseaux relationnels holistes qui se trouvent à la base même des lois, des pratiques de gestion territoriale et, ultimement, des modes de formation identitaire autochtones évacués des enceintes coloniales. Nous proposons ainsi que les notions de souveraineté territoriale, mémorielle et rhétorique y sont imbriquées dans une triangulation dynamique qui prend racine dans des réalités locales, tout en trouvant écho dans des réseaux transcommunautaires élargis. Dans les œuvres de Nadia Myre, Lawrence Paul Yuxweluptun et Alan Michelson, notamment, de même que dans les écrits théoriques ou fictionnels de Gerald Vizenor et Taiaiake Alfred, les textes coercitifs comme la Loi sur les Indiens sont soit démantelés par le biais de grammaires visuelles endogènes et de structures narratives ancestrales réactualisées, soit extraits de l’enceinte législative et projetés en des espaces de réflexions dialogiques, hétérogènes et non coloniaux. De plus, les artistes Sonny Assu, Olivia Whetung et Christi Belcourt, de même que les autrices Leanne Betasamosake Simpson et Mishuana Goeman, entre autres, initient selon nous, par leurs discours de respatialisation décoloniale, un changement paradigmatique plutôt qu’un simple renversement des relations d’autorité déséquilibrées établies et portées par les cartes nationales et cadastrales. Les récits en résurgence qui articulent leurs représentations contre-cartographiques sont récoltés et transmis par le biais de pratiques matérielles, performatives et affectives témoignant d’une survivance collective des épistémologies autochtones au sein de leurs espaces de formation identitaire, malgré les restructurations de ces territoires par des infrastructures et des discours cartographiques coloniaux. Nous souhaitons donc démontrer, par ce travail d’analyse intertextuelle, que les philosophies holistes, expérientielles et intergénérationnelles ancestrales, retravaillées au moyen des arts, des langues et des récits, fournissent des méthodologies d’effritement de vastes structures rhétoriques hégémoniques, de même que des modèles de création d’espaces transnationaux et décoloniaux d’où émergent de nouveaux possibles. / Territorial management policies and dominant ways of depicting Indigenous lands are still today extensively entrenched in colonial structures and ideologies. The concepts of private property and state borders, the doctrines of discovery and terra nullius, the devaluation of oral traditions and the domination of writing systems, are only but a few of the precepts that underpin contemporary legislative and geopolitical frameworks. Thus, Indigenous epistemologies are often marginalized and delegitimized within legislative texts, national cartography, and certain treaties, which act as all-encompassing frames of knowledge production, dissemination, and negation. During land claim negotiations, First Nations representatives devote themselves to indigenizing the vocabularies and methodologies that shape legal spheres, effectively carving out spaces of resurgence for Indigenous voices. However, such endeavors of cultural translation can prove hazardous and unidirectional, sometimes leading to Indigenous knowledges being manipulated or distorted. This thesis focuses on the strategies developed by Indigenous artists and writers who dismantle, indigenize, and bypass those state-sanctioned texts through their productions. We wish to demonstrate that these creators articulate personal, collective, and mythological stories as theoretical frameworks. In doing so, they reactivate the kinship networks that also shape ancestral laws, land management practices and modes of identity formation, which are often dismissed within colonial discourses. We argue that territorial, rhetorical, and memorial sovereignties are therefore entwined in a dynamic triangulation that simultaneously stems from a local context, and resonates on a transnational level. In Nadia Myre, Lawrence Paul Yuxweluptun, and Alan Michelson’s artworks, as well as in Gerald Vizenor and Taiaiake Alfred’s theoretical and fictional writings, coercive texts such as the Indian Act are either dismantled through the revitalization of endogenous visual grammars and ancestral narrative structures, or extracted from the legislative sphere and relocated in spaces of dialogical, heterogenous, and non colonial reflection. Moreover, we argue that artists such as Sonny Assu, Olivia Whetung, and Christi Belourt, as well as authors like Leanne Betasamosake Simpson and Mishuana Goeman, initiate a paradigmatic change rather than a simple reversal of the skewed authority dynamics conveyed by national cartography and cadastral maps. The stories they use to structure their counter-mapping discourses are harvested and transmitted through material, relational, and performance practices that attest to the survivance of Indigenous epistemologies, despite the restructuring of their traditional spaces of identity formation by colonial infrastructures and mapping tools. Throughout our inter-textual analyses, we wish to demonstrate that holistic, experiential, and ancestral philosophies, when revisited through artworks and stories, provide both decolonial methodologies that may erode hegemonic rhetorical structures, and tools to generate transnational spaces of resurgence.

Stories of home do more than contribute to a culture that creates multiple ways of seeing a place: they also claim that the represented people and their shared values belong in place; that is, they claim land. Narrators of post-war B.C. resource communities create narratives that support residents’ presence although their employment, which impoverishes First Nations people and destroys ecosystems, runs counter to contemporary national constructions of Canada as a tolerant and environmentalist community. As the first two chapters show, neither narratives of nomadic early workers nor those of contemporary town residents represent values that support contemporary settler communities’ claims to be at home, as such stories associate resource work with opportunism, environmental damage, race- and gender-based oppression, and social chaos. Settler residents and the (essentially liberal) values that make them the best people for the land are represented instead through three groups of alternate stories, explored in Chapters 3-5: narratives of homesteading families extending the structure of a “good” colonial project through land development and trade; narratives of contemporary farmers who reject the legacy of the colonial project by participating in a sustainable local economy in harmony with local First Nations and the land; and narratives of direct supernatural connection to place, where the land uses the settler (often an artist or writer) as a medium to guide people to meet its (the land’s) needs. All three narratives reproduce the core idea that the best “work” makes the most secure claim to home, leading resource communities to define themselves in defiance of heir industries. Authors studied include Jack Hodgins, Anne Cameron, Susan Dobbie, Patrick Lane, Gail Anderson-Dargatz,D.W. Wilson, Harold Rhenisch, M.Wylie Blanchet, Susan Juby, and Howard White. / Graduate / 2017-09-08

The contemporary debate concerning the Christian theology of religions has been profoundly shaped by Alan Race’s three-fold typology of exclusivism, inclusivism and pluralism. Although the insufficiency of this typology’s descriptive and critical capacity has become increasingly acknowledged within the field, widespread agreement about its replacement remains elusive. This thesis argues that a replacement can be found in Hans Frei’s five-fold typology of Christian theology, which differentiates between a range of approaches to theology, from theology as philosophical discourse (Type 1) to theology as quarantined, Christian self-description (Type 5). It is suggested that the more basic question posed by Frei’s typology of how Christian theology is understood in relation to philosophy and other external discourses, provides a better means of accounting for the different positions in the Christian theology of religions within 20th century ecumenical movements. It is shown how Frei’s typology emerges from his emphasis on both the limitations and the significance of external discourses for Christian theology, an emphasis which results from his construal of the mystery of Christ’s universal presence as a function of the particular incarnation in Jesus of Nazareth. Chapter one considers the philosophical foundations upon which Race’s typology is constructed, with particular emphasis on Troeltsch’s historicism, Hick’s epistemology of religious experience and WC Smith’s phenomenological hermeneutic, concluding that they determine the typology’s apologetic approach. It is shown how these commitments lead Race’s typology to differentiate between types of Christian theology primarily in relation to the philosophical viability, as Race understands it, of their Christology. Chapter two focuses first on the theology of Hans Frei and his analysis of the relationship between Christology and historicism, epistemology, and hermeneutics. It is suggested that Frei’s focus on the ordering of the relationship between Christian theology and external discourses, while undermining Race’s approach, affirms the possibility of a theologically valuable relationship between Christian theology and external discourses. Moreover, unlike Race, Frei’s emphasis on the significance of external discourses for Christian theology is derived in light of, and not in spite of, a faith in the incarnation and resurrection of Jesus Christ. Chapter three looks at Frei’s fivefold typology as a better means of accounting for the differences Race posits between exclusivists, inclusivists and pluralists. It is argued that in following Frei’s typological logic and the historical, epistemological and hermeneutical considerations characteristic of a Christian theology between types three and four, an approach to the theology of religions emerges which addresses the question of the universality of divine revelation – the central concern of Race’s typology – while also showing the inadequacy of Race’s typology and its prioritisation of philosophy. This will be shown by applying Frei’s typology to 20th century ecumenical movements and the positions on the theological significance of non-Christian religions that have emerged therein. Though Frei did not directly take up the issue of the Christian theology of religions, chapter three will demonstrate how his typology of Christian theology is of particular importance for this discussion. For his typology highlights the central question driving the theology of religions – how the ‘internal’ discourse of Christian self-description in reference to the gospels’ history-like witness to the life, death and resurrection of Jesus Christ relates to the historically contingent, public world outside the church. The conclusion will point toward a constructive proposal for a theology of evangelism and interfaith dialogue in pluralist societies of the 21st century, drawing on the ecumenical discussion viewed in relation to the theological and typological insights of Hans Frei.

This thesis contributes to the literature on the history of the transition from colonial to post-colonial in the Pacific. It explores the contribution of an individual to this transition, Rev. Dr. Alan Richard Tippett, as a focus for illuminating the struggles in the transitions and the development of post-colonial theory for mission. Alan Richard Tippet sailed to Fiji as an ordained Methodist missionary in 1941. He was a product of a Methodist parsonage and heir to the evangelical and revival tendencies of the Cornish Methodism of his family. He began his missionary career steeped in the colonial visions of the mission enterprise fostered by the Board of Missions of his church. He was eager to study anthropology but was given no chance to do so before he left Australia. He pursued his study of anthropology and history in Fiji and began to question the paternalism of colonial theory. Early in his time in Fiji he made the decision to join with those who sought change and the death of colonial mission. In his work as a circuit minister, theological educator, writer and administrator he worked to this end. He developed his talent for writing and research, encouraging the Fijian church to take pride in its past achievements. He became alienated from the administrators of the Australasian Methodist Board of Missions and could find no place in the Australian church. In 1961 he left Fiji and began a course of study at the newly formed Institute of Church Growth in Eugene, Oregon. This led him into the orbit of Donald McGavran and the newly emerging church growth theory of Christian mission. Although his desire was to enhance the study of post-colonial mission in Australia he could not find a position to support him even after he gained a PhD in anthropology from the University of Oregon. After research in the Solomon Islands he returned to the USA to assist Donald McGavran in the formation of the now famous School of World Mission at Fuller Theological Seminary, Pasadena. While at Fuller he exercised considerable influence in the development of missiological theory and especially the application of anthropological studies in post-colonial mission. Although he contributed to both the ecumenical and evangelical debates on mission, he found himself caught up in the bitter debates of the 1960s and 1970s between them and, despite all efforts to maintain links, lost contact with the ecumenical wing. Retiring to Australia in 1977 he found that his world reputation was not recognised in his native land. He continued his work apace, although he was deeply saddened by the ignorance he found in Australia and by his continued rejection. He finally donated his library to St. Mark???s National Theological Centre. He died in 1988 in Canberra.

This thesis contributes to the literature on the history of the transition from colonial to post-colonial in the Pacific. It explores the contribution of an individual to this transition, Rev. Dr. Alan Richard Tippett, as a focus for illuminating the struggles in the transitions and the development of post-colonial theory for mission. Alan Richard Tippet sailed to Fiji as an ordained Methodist missionary in 1941. He was a product of a Methodist parsonage and heir to the evangelical and revival tendencies of the Cornish Methodism of his family. He began his missionary career steeped in the colonial visions of the mission enterprise fostered by the Board of Missions of his church. He was eager to study anthropology but was given no chance to do so before he left Australia. He pursued his study of anthropology and history in Fiji and began to question the paternalism of colonial theory. Early in his time in Fiji he made the decision to join with those who sought change and the death of colonial mission. In his work as a circuit minister, theological educator, writer and administrator he worked to this end. He developed his talent for writing and research, encouraging the Fijian church to take pride in its past achievements. He became alienated from the administrators of the Australasian Methodist Board of Missions and could find no place in the Australian church. In 1961 he left Fiji and began a course of study at the newly formed Institute of Church Growth in Eugene, Oregon. This led him into the orbit of Donald McGavran and the newly emerging church growth theory of Christian mission. Although his desire was to enhance the study of post-colonial mission in Australia he could not find a position to support him even after he gained a PhD in anthropology from the University of Oregon. After research in the Solomon Islands he returned to the USA to assist Donald McGavran in the formation of the now famous School of World Mission at Fuller Theological Seminary, Pasadena. While at Fuller he exercised considerable influence in the development of missiological theory and especially the application of anthropological studies in post-colonial mission. Although he contributed to both the ecumenical and evangelical debates on mission, he found himself caught up in the bitter debates of the 1960s and 1970s between them and, despite all efforts to maintain links, lost contact with the ecumenical wing. Retiring to Australia in 1977 he found that his world reputation was not recognised in his native land. He continued his work apace, although he was deeply saddened by the ignorance he found in Australia and by his continued rejection. He finally donated his library to St. Mark???s National Theological Centre. He died in 1988 in Canberra.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1974. / Typescript and manuscript. Vita. For 2 choruses (SATB), 2 speakers, and instrumental ensemble (piano, harp, percussion, flute, oboe, bass clarinet, trumpet, horn, bass trombone, 2 violins, 2 violoncellos, and 2 double basses); performance also requires people to control slide projections and lighting changes. English words. Text for score is from Credo one and Credo two, by Gavin Arthur; text read by speakers before the beginning of the piece is by Jalal ud-din Rumi, a 13th-cent. mystical Persian poet. Includes performance instructions. Includes the compositions "Winter's not forever (on three poems by e. e. cummings) for soprano, female speaker, and six players" (leaves 124-148) and "--And it always will be (for percussion soloist with orchestra)" (leaves 149-186) by the author. "Winter's not forever": for soprano, speaker, flute, horn, bass clarinet, double bass, percussion, and piano/celeste. Description based on print version record.