Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karolinska institutet, 2006. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Background: Conflicting evidence of an association between alcohol consumption and periodontal disease has been suggested in the literature. The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of alcohol consumption on periodontal attachment loss (PAL) over a period of 5-years. Methods: A multistage probability sampling strategy was used to draw a representative sample of the metropolitan area of Porto Alegre, Brazil. Five hundred sixty one individuals (238 males and 323 females) that were 19-65 years-old, had no medical history of diabetes and at least 6 teeth were included. Participants were clinically examined and interviewed in 2001 and 2006. Alcohol consumption was assessed by asking participants about the usual number of drinks consumed in a week. Standard formulas were used to calculate the amount of pure alcohol consumed per day in grams. Drinkers were categorized into occasional (<3g/day) and regular drinkers (≥3g/day). Individuals showing ≥4 teeth with proximal PAL ≥3 mm over the 5-years follow-up period were classified as having disease progression. Linear models were used to estimate the relative risk. Results: Male regular drinkers had higher risk of having PAL progression than never-drinkers. After adjusting for important co-factors regular drinkers had 1% increased risk per grams/day of pure alcohol consumption (RR: 1.01, 95%CI 1.00-1.02), which means between 5 to 7% increased risk per drink per day. Male occasional drinkers were not at higher risk of having disease progression. No association between alcohol consumption and periodontitis was observed for females. Conclusion: Alcohol consumption increased the risk of PAL progression in male regular drinkers. The impact of alcohol cessation initiatives on the periodontal health should be evaluated.

Os efeitos deletérios do álcool sobre a gestação bem como as dificuldades para detectar o problema vêm preocupando vários pesquisadores, sendo, por isso, necessário o desenvolvimento de instrumentos de triagem apropriados para a detecção do consumo alcoólico de risco para o desenvolvimento da Síndrome Alcoólica Fetal (SAF) durante a gestação. Este estudo teve por objetivo desenvolver uma versão brasileira do T-ACE através da tradução e adaptação de seu original (SOKOL et al, 1989), bem como proceder à validação deste instrumento de acordo com as condições e características nacionais. A amostra estudada constou de 450 gestantes no terceiro trimestre de gestação, assistidas em um serviço de atendimento pré-natal do município de Ribeirão Preto - SP. Os dados foram coletados através de entrevistas individuais para aplicação do T-ACE, do estabelecimento quantitativo da história de consumo de álcool ao longo da gestação e de entrevista clínica padronizada para diagnóstico de problemas relacionados com o uso de álcool de acordo com critérios da CID 10. Foram feitos também testes de confiabilidade entre diferentes entrevistadores e confiabilidade teste/re - teste. Entre as gestantes investigadas, 100 mulheres ou 22,1% da amostra foram consideradas positivas pelo instrumento, apresentando história de consumo alcoólico de risco (>=28g). As estimativas estatísticas para expressão da validade do T-ACE com o padrão de referência CID-10 e o padrão de consumo alcoólico trimestral do terceiro trimestre aos três meses que antecederam a gestação demonstraram resultados significativos para validação do T-ACE, que mostrou-se um instrumento de alta Sensibilidade e Especificidade. Esta validação representa a disponibilização de um instrumento que pode ser aplicado em dois minutos de entrevista, sensível para o rastreamento do consumo alcoólico de risco para a SAF e apropriado para as rotinas e práticas dos serviços obstétricos. / The deleterious effects of the alcohol in the gestation as well as difficulties detecting the problem have worrying several researchers. There is a need do develop appropriate screening instruments for the detection of alcohol consumption as a risk for the Fetal Alcoholic Syndrome (SAF). This study had as objective the development of a Brazilian version of the T-ACE through the translation and adaptation of its original (SOKOL et al, 1989), as well as to proceed to the validation of this instrument in agreement with the conditions and characteristics of the Brazilian population. The studied sample consisted of 450 pregnant women in the third gestational trimester, attended in a prenatal care unit of Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil. The data were collected through individual interviews for application of the T-ACE, with quantitative evaluation of the alcohol consumption along the gestational period. Furthermore, a standardized clinical interview was performed to diagnose problems related to the use of alcohol in agreement with ICD-10 criteria. Reliability tests among different interviewers and reliability test /re-test were made. Among the investigated pregnant women, 100 or 22,1% of the sample were considered positive for the instrument, presenting history of alcohol consumption of risk (>=28g). The statistics for validation of the T-ACE with the ICD-10 and the alcohol consumption patterns of reference, from the three months that preceded the pregnancy until the gestational third trimester, demonstrated significant and favorable results of this instrument. This validation allows the availability of a test that can be applied in two minutes of interview, sensitive for the screening of the alcohol consumption of risk for SAF and adapted for the routines and practices in prenatal care units.

Os efeitos deletérios do álcool sobre a gestação bem como as dificuldades para detectar o problema vêm preocupando vários pesquisadores, sendo, por isso, necessário o desenvolvimento de instrumentos de triagem apropriados para a detecção do consumo alcoólico de risco para o desenvolvimento da Síndrome Alcoólica Fetal (SAF) durante a gestação. Este estudo teve por objetivo desenvolver uma versão brasileira do T-ACE através da tradução e adaptação de seu original (SOKOL et al, 1989), bem como proceder à validação deste instrumento de acordo com as condições e características nacionais. A amostra estudada constou de 450 gestantes no terceiro trimestre de gestação, assistidas em um serviço de atendimento pré-natal do município de Ribeirão Preto - SP. Os dados foram coletados através de entrevistas individuais para aplicação do T-ACE, do estabelecimento quantitativo da história de consumo de álcool ao longo da gestação e de entrevista clínica padronizada para diagnóstico de problemas relacionados com o uso de álcool de acordo com critérios da CID 10. Foram feitos também testes de confiabilidade entre diferentes entrevistadores e confiabilidade teste/re - teste. Entre as gestantes investigadas, 100 mulheres ou 22,1% da amostra foram consideradas positivas pelo instrumento, apresentando história de consumo alcoólico de risco (>=28g). As estimativas estatísticas para expressão da validade do T-ACE com o padrão de referência CID-10 e o padrão de consumo alcoólico trimestral do terceiro trimestre aos três meses que antecederam a gestação demonstraram resultados significativos para validação do T-ACE, que mostrou-se um instrumento de alta Sensibilidade e Especificidade. Esta validação representa a disponibilização de um instrumento que pode ser aplicado em dois minutos de entrevista, sensível para o rastreamento do consumo alcoólico de risco para a SAF e apropriado para as rotinas e práticas dos serviços obstétricos. / The deleterious effects of the alcohol in the gestation as well as difficulties detecting the problem have worrying several researchers. There is a need do develop appropriate screening instruments for the detection of alcohol consumption as a risk for the Fetal Alcoholic Syndrome (SAF). This study had as objective the development of a Brazilian version of the T-ACE through the translation and adaptation of its original (SOKOL et al, 1989), as well as to proceed to the validation of this instrument in agreement with the conditions and characteristics of the Brazilian population. The studied sample consisted of 450 pregnant women in the third gestational trimester, attended in a prenatal care unit of Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil. The data were collected through individual interviews for application of the T-ACE, with quantitative evaluation of the alcohol consumption along the gestational period. Furthermore, a standardized clinical interview was performed to diagnose problems related to the use of alcohol in agreement with ICD-10 criteria. Reliability tests among different interviewers and reliability test /re-test were made. Among the investigated pregnant women, 100 or 22,1% of the sample were considered positive for the instrument, presenting history of alcohol consumption of risk (>=28g). The statistics for validation of the T-ACE with the ICD-10 and the alcohol consumption patterns of reference, from the three months that preceded the pregnancy until the gestational third trimester, demonstrated significant and favorable results of this instrument. This validation allows the availability of a test that can be applied in two minutes of interview, sensitive for the screening of the alcohol consumption of risk for SAF and adapted for the routines and practices in prenatal care units.

<p>Syftet med föreliggande litteraturstudie var att beskriva hur sjuksköterskan upplever sitt bemötande av alkoholpåverkade ungdomar och sin kunskap om alkoholprevention. Studien belyser även påverkande faktorer till ungdomars alkoholkonsumtion. Metoden var en beskrivande litteraturstudie. Två undergrupper identifierades och 16 artiklar granskades sammanlagt. Resultatet visade att sjuksköterskor ansåg sig vara i behov av mer alkoholrelaterad utbildning för att kunna bemöta patienter på ett tillfredsställande sätt. Studier visar att för att minska den ökade belastningen på allmänna sjukhus på grund av alkoholanvändning behövs utbildning och strategier för intervention. Den vanligaste orsaken för ungdomar att uppsöka en akutmottagning i samband med alkoholkonsumtion är mindre skador som fall. Andelen patienter inlagda på sjukhus på grund av alkoholförgiftning har ökat under de senaste åren. Att dokumentera en uppföljningsplan för ungdomar som kommer in till akutmottagningen missas i de flesta fall. Majoriteten av alla barn och ungdomar gick hem från akutmottagningen utan rådgivning i samband med alkoholförgiftning. Att sjuksköterskan inte känner sig ha tillräcklig kunskap inom alkoholprevention visade sig vara den vanligaste orsaken till att inte ge råd till patienter om alkoholkonsumtion. Föräldrars inverkan och regler har en betydande roll för ungdomars alkoholkonsumtion. Studier visade att tydliga regler kan skjuta upp ungdomars alkoholdebut med flera år. Under varma årstider och under helger visade sig ungdomars alkoholkonsumtion vara som störst.</p> / <p>The purpose of the following study was to describe how the nurse experience the treatment of intoxicated adolescents and their knowledge of alcohol prevention. The study also describes the influences of alcohol by adolescents. The method was a descriptive literature study. Two subgroups were identified and in total, 16 articles were examined. The results show that nurses believe themselves to be in need of more alcohol-related education to respond to patients in a satisfactory manner. Studies show that to reduce the increasing burden on public hospitals because of alcohol use, nurses need education and strategies for intervention. The most common reason for young people to seek an ER in relation to alcohol consumption is small damage cases. The proportion of patients to hospital because of alcohol intoxication has increased. To document a follow-up plan for young people entering the emergency room is missed in most cases. The majority of children and adolescents who enter the ER with alcoholintoxication goes home without any guidence of the subject. The nurse feel insufficient knowledge in alcoholprevention , which proved to be the most common reason for not advising patients concerning alcohol consumption. Parental influence and rules have a significant role in young people's alcohol consumption. Studies with clear rules can defer youth alcohol debut with a number of years. During the warm seasons and during the weekends turned out that most young people's alcohol consumption.</p>

Syftet med föreliggande litteraturstudie var att beskriva hur sjuksköterskan upplever sitt bemötande av alkoholpåverkade ungdomar och sin kunskap om alkoholprevention. Studien belyser även påverkande faktorer till ungdomars alkoholkonsumtion. Metoden var en beskrivande litteraturstudie. Två undergrupper identifierades och 16 artiklar granskades sammanlagt. Resultatet visade att sjuksköterskor ansåg sig vara i behov av mer alkoholrelaterad utbildning för att kunna bemöta patienter på ett tillfredsställande sätt. Studier visar att för att minska den ökade belastningen på allmänna sjukhus på grund av alkoholanvändning behövs utbildning och strategier för intervention. Den vanligaste orsaken för ungdomar att uppsöka en akutmottagning i samband med alkoholkonsumtion är mindre skador som fall. Andelen patienter inlagda på sjukhus på grund av alkoholförgiftning har ökat under de senaste åren. Att dokumentera en uppföljningsplan för ungdomar som kommer in till akutmottagningen missas i de flesta fall. Majoriteten av alla barn och ungdomar gick hem från akutmottagningen utan rådgivning i samband med alkoholförgiftning. Att sjuksköterskan inte känner sig ha tillräcklig kunskap inom alkoholprevention visade sig vara den vanligaste orsaken till att inte ge råd till patienter om alkoholkonsumtion. Föräldrars inverkan och regler har en betydande roll för ungdomars alkoholkonsumtion. Studier visade att tydliga regler kan skjuta upp ungdomars alkoholdebut med flera år. Under varma årstider och under helger visade sig ungdomars alkoholkonsumtion vara som störst. / The purpose of the following study was to describe how the nurse experience the treatment of intoxicated adolescents and their knowledge of alcohol prevention. The study also describes the influences of alcohol by adolescents. The method was a descriptive literature study. Two subgroups were identified and in total, 16 articles were examined. The results show that nurses believe themselves to be in need of more alcohol-related education to respond to patients in a satisfactory manner. Studies show that to reduce the increasing burden on public hospitals because of alcohol use, nurses need education and strategies for intervention. The most common reason for young people to seek an ER in relation to alcohol consumption is small damage cases. The proportion of patients to hospital because of alcohol intoxication has increased. To document a follow-up plan for young people entering the emergency room is missed in most cases. The majority of children and adolescents who enter the ER with alcoholintoxication goes home without any guidence of the subject. The nurse feel insufficient knowledge in alcoholprevention , which proved to be the most common reason for not advising patients concerning alcohol consumption. Parental influence and rules have a significant role in young people's alcohol consumption. Studies with clear rules can defer youth alcohol debut with a number of years. During the warm seasons and during the weekends turned out that most young people's alcohol consumption.

Compared with the population at-large, the Emergency Department (ED) population sees a high percentage of people with alcohol use and abuse problems. Therefore, the ED is well suited for the implementation of alcohol screening and interventions. It is important to be able to identify at risk drinkers who come to the ED for treatment for injury or other medical problems so that interventions may occur. Project ED Health conducted intensive interviews with harmful and hazardous drinkers presenting to the ED for treatment of injury or medical problem. The data was entered into a database and analyzed to find differences between injured and non-injured at risk drinkers. We found that 2/3 of at risk drinkers presented without injury. Compared to participants without injuries, injured individuals were significantly younger and more likely to be male. Injured and non-injured individuals had similar drinking patterns and health behaviors. Individuals at risk for alcohol-associated problems are similar in terms of drinking patterns and consequences and health status. Any screening tactic that is less than comprehensive, (i.e. that targets only injured individuals), will miss a significant number of at risk drinkers.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 2007. / Title from title page screen (viewed on February 29, 2008). Research advisor: Robert S. Waters, Ph.D. Document formatted into pages (xix, 179 p. : ill.). Vita. Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 152-178).

Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Univ., 2002. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst., 2002. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.