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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
741

An algebraic framework to a theory of sets based on the surreal numbers / Um referencial algébrico para uma teoria de conjuntos baseada nos números surreais

Rangel, Dimi Rocha 17 July 2018 (has links)
The notion of surreal number was introduced by J.H. Conway in the mid 1970\'s: the surreal numbers constitute a linearly ordered (proper) class No containing the class of all ordinal numbers (On) that, working within the background set theory NBG, can be defined by a recursion on the class On. Since then, have appeared many constructions of this class and was isolated a full axiomatization of this notion that been subject of interest due to large number of interesting properties they have, including model-theoretic ones. Such constructions suggests strong connections between the class No of surreal numbers and the classes of all sets and all ordinal numbers. In an attempt to codify the universe of sets directly within the surreal number class, we have founded some clues that suggest that this class is not suitable for this purpose. The present work is an attempt to obtain an \"algebraic (set) theory for surreal numbers\" along the lines of the Algebraic Set Theory - a categorial set theory introduced in the 1990\'s: to establish abstract and general links between the class of all surreal numbers and a universe of \"surreal sets\" similar to the relations between the class of all ordinals (On) and the class of all sets (V), that also respects and expands the links between the linearly ordered class of all ordinals and of all surreal numbers. We have introduced the notion of (partial) surreal algebra (SUR-algebra) and we explore some of its category theoretic properties, including (relatively) free SUR-algebras (SA, ST). We have established links, in both directions, between SUR-algebras and ZF-algebras (the keystone of Algebraic Set Theory). We develop the first steps of a certain kind of set theory based (or ranked) on surreal numbers, that expands the relation between V and On. / A noção de número surreal foi introduzida por J.H. Conway em meados da década de 1970: os números surreais constituem uma classe (própria) linearmente ordenada No contendo a classe de todos os números ordinais (On) e que, trabalhando dentro da base conjuntista NBG, pode ser definida por uma recursão na classe On. Desde então, apareceram muitas construções desta classe e foi isolada uma axiomatização completa desta noção que tem sido objeto de estudo devido ao grande número de propriedades interessantes, incluindo entre elas resultados modelos-teóricos. Tais construções sugerem fortes conexões entre a classe No de números surreais e as classes de todos os conjuntos e todos os números ordinais. Na tentativa de codificar o universo dos conjuntos diretamente na classe de números surreais, encontramos algumas pistas que sugerem que esta classe não é adequada para esse fim. O presente trabalho é uma tentativa de se obter uma \"teoria algébrica (de conjuntos) para números surreais\" na linha da Teoria dos Algébrica dos Conjuntos - uma teoria categorial de conjuntos introduzida nos anos 1990: estabelecer links abstratos e gerais entre a classe de todos números surreais e um universo de \"conjuntos surreais\" emelhantes às relações entre a classe de todos os ordinais (On) e a classe de todos os conjuntos (V), que também respeite e expanda os links entre as classes linearmente ordenadas de todos ordinais e de todos os números surreais. Introduzimos a noção de álgebra surreal (parcial) (SUR-álgebra) e exploramos algumas das suas propriedades categoriais, incluindo SUR-álgebras (relativamente) livres (SA, ST). Nós estabelecemos links, em ambos os sentidos, entre SUR-álgebras e álgebras ZF (a pedra angular da Teoria Algébrica dos Conjuntos). Desenvolvemos os primeiros passos de um determinado tipo de teoria de conjuntos baseada (ou ranqueada) em números surreais, que expande a relação entre V e On.
742

Álgebra de Clifford aplicada ao cálculo de estruturas moleculares / Clifford algebras applied to molecular structure calculations

Alves, Rafael Santos de Oliveira, 1982- 24 September 2018 (has links)
Orientador: Carlile Campos Lavor / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Matemática Estatística e Computação Científica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-24T19:32:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Alves_RafaelSantosdeOliveira_D.pdf: 2213205 bytes, checksum: 67a1681eb02b103974e57e3047edc755 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: O Problema de Geometria de Distâncias Moleculares (PGDM) consiste em encontrar uma imersão tridimensional de um grafo simples, não orientado, de forma que o peso nas arestas corresponda às distâncias inter-atômicas de uma molécula. Este é um problema de busca em um espaço contínuo, mas que pode ser discretizado sob algumas exigências, dando origem ao PGDM discretizado (PGDMD), que é solucionado usando informações sobre distâncias entre alguns átomos da molécula através de um algoritmo Branch and Prune (BP). Caso as distâncias sejam dadas por um conjunto de limites inferiores e superiores, temos um novo problema: o PGDMD intervalar (iPGDMD). A partir da interpretação geométrica deste último, propomos uma nova abordagem utilizando a Álgebra de Clifford a fim de tornar o algoritmo BP mais eficiente e de poder tratar algebricamente os problemas relacionados ao tratamento das distâncias intervalares / Abstract: The Molecular Distance Geometry Problem (MDGP) consists in finding a three dimensional embedding of simple, weighted, undirected graph such that the weight in the edges correspond to the inter-atomic distances of a molecule. This is a continuous search problem which can be discretized under some assumptions, yielding the Discretized MDGP (DMDGP), which is solved by a Branch and Prune (BP) algorithm using information about the distances among some atoms of the molecule. If the distances are given by a set of lower and upper bounds, a new problem arises: the interval DMDGP (iDMDGP). From a geometric interpretation of this problem, we propose a new approach, using Clifford Algebras, in order to improve the BP efficiency and treat algebraically the issues related to interval distances / Doutorado / Matematica Aplicada / Doutor em Matemática Aplicada
743

Sistemas estratificantes sobre álgebras hereditárias / Stratifying systems over hereditary algebras

Paula Andrea Cadavid Salazar 14 November 2012 (has links)
O principal tema deste trabalho é o estudo dos sistemas estratificantes sobre álgebras hereditárias. Um dos principais problemas é a construção de sistemas estratificantes completos cujos elementos sejam todos módulos regulares, sendo este problema resolvido para álgebras hereditárias do tipo mansa e as álgebras de Kronecker generalizadas. Para as álgebras hereditárias de tipo mansa exibimos um limitante para o tamanho dos sistemas estratificantes formados só de módulos regulares e, usando tal limitante, concluímos que não é possível que tais sistemas estratificantes sejam completos. Para as álgebras de Kronecker e as álgebras de Kronecker generalizadas concluimos que nenhum sistema estratificante sobre esta álgebra pode ter elementos regulares e construímos todos os possíveis sistemas estratificantes completos sobre esta álgebra. Definimos o conceito de sequência especial de um módulo inclinante, estabelecemos que todo módulo inclinante tem uma sequência especial e estudamos quando uma sequência, de dois e três somandos diretos de um módulo inclinante, é uma sequência especial. / The main topic of this work is the study of stratifying systems over hereditary algebras. One of the main questions to be considered is the construction of complete stratifying systems whose elements are regular modules. We solve this problem for tame hereditary algebras and for the Kronecker generalized algebras. In the case of tame hereditary algebras, we obtain a bound for the size of the stratifying systems composed only by regular modules and, by using this bound, we conclude that such stratifying systems can not be complete. For the Kronecker and for Kronecker the generalized algebras we conclude that no stratifing system over this algebra can have regular elements. Next we construct all possible complete stratifying systems over this algebra. Furthermore, we define the notion of special sequence of a tilting module and we establish that all tilting modules have an special ordenation. Also we study when an sequence of two and three direct summands of an tilting module, is a special ordenation.
744

C*-algèbres associées à certains systèmes dynamiques et leurs états KMS / C*-algebras associated with certain dynamical systems and their KMS states / C*-álgebras associadas a certas dinâmicas e seus estados KMS

De Castro, Gilles 18 December 2009 (has links)
D'abord, on étudie trois façons d'associer une C*-algèbre à une transformation continue. Ensuite, nousdonnons une nouvelle définition de l'entropie. Nous trouvons des relations entre les états KMS des algèbrespréalablement définies et les états d'équilibre, donné par un principe variationnel. Dans la seconde partie,nous étudions les algèbres de Kajiwara-Watatani associées à un système des fonctions itérées. Nouscomparons ces algèbres avec l'algèbre de Cuntz et le produit croisé. Enfin, nous étudions les états KMS desalgèbres de Kajiwara-Watatani pour les actions provenant d'un potentiel et nous trouvouns des relationsentre ces états et les mesures trouvée dans une version de le théorème de Ruelle-Perron-Frobenius pour lessystèmes de fonctions itérées. / First, we study three ways of associating a C*-algebra to a continuous map. Then, we give a new definitionof entropy. We relate the KMS states of the previously defined algebras with the equilibrium states, givenby a variational principle. In the second part, we study the Kajiwara-Watatani algebras associated toiterated function system. We compare these algebras with the Cuntz algebra and the crossed product.Finally, we study the KMS states of the Kajiwara-Watatani algebras for actions coming from a potentialand we relate such states with measures found in a version of the Ruelle-Perron-Frobenius theorem foriterated function systems.
745

O problema de Nathan Jacobson e questões relacionadas / On a problem by Nathan Jacobson and related questions

Solís, Victor Hugo López 30 October 2017 (has links)
Este trabalho consiste de três partes: Teoremas de coordenatização de Wedderburn e de Zorn, O problema de Nathan Jacobson e Teoremas de Fatorização de Kronecker para as superálgebras alternativas. Na primeira parte apresentamos os teoremas de coordenatização de Wedderburn e de Zorn e suas aplicações na teoria de representações das álgebras associativas e alternativas. Na segunda parte resolvemos um problema de longa data que foi anunciado por Nathan Jacobson sobre a descrição das álgebras alternativas que contém M&#8322(F ) (álgebra associativa de matrizes 2 × 2) com o mesmo elemento identidade. Na terceira parte damos uma prova independente que é válida em qualquer característica do clássico Teorema de Fatorização de Kronecker de Nathan Jacobson. Generalizamos esse resultado e provamos um teorema de Fatorização de Kronecker para as superálgebras alternativas cuja parte par contém O com o mesmo elemento identidade. Além disso, provamos um Teorema de Fatorização de Kronecker para as superálgebras alternativas que contêm a superálgebra associativa M(1|1)(F ) com o mesmo elemento identidade. Como Corolário desse resultado, respondemos a um análogo do problema de Jacobson para as superálgebras alternativas, isto é, descrevemos as superálgebras alternativas que contêm à superálgebra associativa M(1|1)(F ) com o mesmo elemento identidade. Finalmente, estudamos as representações das superálgebras alternativa simples O(4,4) e O[u]. Classificamos os bimodules sobre essas superálgebras e provamos alguns análogos do Teorema de Fatorização de Kronecker para as superálgebras alternativas que contenham O(4|4) ou O[u] com o mesmo elemento identidade / This work consists of three parts: Wedderburn and Zorn coordinatizations theorems, Nathan Jacobsons problem and Kroneckers Factorization theorems for alternative superalgebras. In the first part we present Wedderburn and Zorn coordinatizations theorems and their applications in the theory of representations of associative and alternative algebras. In the second part we solve a long standing problem that was announced by Nathan Jacobson on the description of alternative algebras containing M&#8322(F ) (associative matrix algebra 2 × 2) with the same identity element. In the third part we give an independent proof that is valid in any characteristic of Nathan Jacobsons classic Kronecker Factorization Theorem. We generalize this result and prove a Kronecker Factorization Theorem for alternative superalgebras whose even part contains O with the same identity element. In addition, we prove a Kronecker Factorization Theorem for alternative superalgebras containing the associative superalgebra M(1|1)(F ) with the same identity element. As a corollary of this result, we respond to an analogue of Jacobsons problem for alternative superalgebras, that is, we describe the alternative superalgebras containing the associative superalgebra M(1|1)(F ) with the same identity element. Finally, we study the representations of the simple alternative superalgebras O(4|4) e O[u]. We classify the bimodules on these superalgebras and prove some analogues of the Kronecker Factorization Theorem for alternative superalgebras containing O(4|4) or O[u] with the same identity element
746

A dimensão de Gelfand-Kirillov de certas álgebras / The Gelfand-Kirillov dimension of certain algebras

Galvão, Lucas 02 September 2014 (has links)
A dimensão de Gelfand-Kirillov mede a taxa de crescimento assintótico de álgebras. Como fornece informações importantes sobre a sua estrutura, este invariante se tornou uma das ferramentas padrão no estudo de álgebras de dimensão infinita. Neste trabalho apresentamos as propriedades básicas da dimensão de Gelfand-Kirillov de álgebras e de módulos, e também mostramos o cálculo da dimensão de Gelfand-Kirillov de algumas álgebras e módulos, sendo o exemplo mais importante o cálculo da dimensão de Gelfand-Kirillov da álgebra de Weyl An. / The Gelfand-Kirillov dimension measures the asymptotic rate of growth of algebras. Since it provides important structural information, this invariant has become one of the standard tools in the study of innite dimensional algebras. In this work we present the basic properties of the Gelfand-Kirillov dimension of algebras and modules, and we also show the calculation of the Gelfand-Kirillov dimension of some algebras and modules, being the most important example the calculation of the Gelfand-Kirillov dimension of the Weyl algebra An.
747

Álgebras algébricas absolutamente valuadas / Absolute valued algebraic algebras

Arrieta, Eddie Arrieta 14 November 2012 (has links)
O objetivo da dissertação é provar que toda álgebra, sobre o corpo dos números reais, algébrica e absolutamente valuada é de dimensão nita, e portanto isótopa a D . Observamos que H é a álgebra real dos Quatérnios e D R , C , H ou a álgebra real dos Octônios. A demonstração do resultado é feita gradualmente, considerando inicialmente álgebras reais absolutamente valuadas algébrica com unidade, a seguir com unidade e nalmente, algébrica. Na demonstração do teorema será necessário combinar resultados não triviais de álgebras não associativas, análise funcional, álgebras de Banach e técnicas de ultraprodutos de espaços normados. As álgebra absolutamente valuadas não são necessariamente associativas. Abraham Adrian 1947 mostrou que R , C , H e D são as únicas álgebras reais absolutamente valuadas dimensão nita e com unidade; o mesmo Albert dois anos depois, em 1949 , caracterizou Albert em de essas mesmas álgebras como as únicas que são absolutamente valuadas algébricas e com unidade sobre os reais. Em 1960 Fred B. Wright e Kazimierz Urbanik provaram que R , C , D são as únicas álgebra reais absolutamente valuadas e com unidade. Recentemente, em 1997 , Kaidi El-Amin, Maria Isabel Ramírez e Ángel Rodríguez Palacios mostraram que H e toda álgebra real absolutamente valuadas e algébrica é isótopa a uma de estas quatro. Nosso objetivo é desenvolver e unicar os resultados obtidos nestes 4 trabalhos. / Our goal here is to study the absolute valued algebraic real algebras. In order to reach our intention, we regard an absolute valued real algebra and on which one we impose: First, such one is nite-dimensional algebra; second; such one is algebraic algebra; third, such one is with unity; and in the end such one is algebraic algebra. In the latter case, our aim, it needs of certain classic results of functional analysis and others one of Banach algebras; then, we reach that such one real algebra is isotope to one of the classical absolute valued real algebras algebra and D R , C , H or D . Where H is the Quaternions real is the Octonions real algebra. The absolute valued algebras are not necessarily associative. Abraham Adrian Albert was the rst mathematician considering absolute valued algebras in a context not necessarily associative. In 1947 , he proved that any nite-dimensional absolute valued real algebra with unit element is isomorphic to either real eld H or the Octonions algebra D . Two years R , the complex eld C , the Quaternions algebra later, he demonstrated that R , C , H and D are the unique absolute valued algebraic real algebras with unit element. Recently, in 1997 , Kaidi El-Amin, Maria Isabel Ramírez and Ángel Rodríguez Palacios proved that any absolute valued algebraic real algebra is nite-dimensional.
748

Universal deformation rings of modules for algebras of dihedral type of polynomial growth

Talbott, Shannon Nicole 01 July 2012 (has links)
Deformation theory studies the behavior of mathematical objects, such as representations or modules, under small perturbations. This theory is useful in both pure and applied mathematics and has been used in the proof of many long-standing problems. In particular, in number theory Wiles and Taylor used universal deformation rings of Galois representations in the proof of Fermat's Last Theorem. The main motivation for determining universal deformation rings of modules for finite dimensional algebras is that deep results from representation theory can be used to arrive at a better understanding of deformation rings. In this thesis, I study the universal deformation rings of certain modules for algebras of dihedral type of polynomial growth which have been completely classied by Erdmann and Skowronski using quivers and relations. More precisely, let κ be an algebraically closed field and let λ be a κ-algebra of dihedral type which is of polynomial growth. In this thesis, first classify all λ-modules whose stable endomorphism ring is isomorphic to κ and which are given combinatorially by strings, and then I determine the universal deformation ring of each of these modules.
749

Universal deformation rings of modules over self-injective algebras

Vélez Marulanda, José Alberto 01 July 2010 (has links)
In this thesis, I apply methods from the representation theory of finite dimensional algebras to the study of versal and universal deformation rings. The main idea is that more sophisticated results from representation theory can be used to arrive at a deeper understanding of deformation rings. Such rings arise naturally in a variety of problems in number theory and group representation theory. This thesis has two parts. In the first part, Λ is an arbitrary finite dimensional algebra over a field k. If V is a finitely generated Λ-module, I prove that V has a versal deformation ring R(Λ, V ). Moreover, if Λ is self-injective and the stable endomorphism ring of V is isomorphic to k, then R(Λ, V ) is universal. If additionally A is a Frobenius algebra and Ω(Λ) denotes the syzygy operator over Λ, I show that the universal deformation rings of V and Ω(V) are isomorphic. In the second part, I analyze a particular finite dimensional Frobenius algebra Λ over an algebraically closed field k for which all the finitely generated indecomposable modules can be described combinatorially by using certain words in Λ. I use this description to visualize the indecomposable Λ-modules in the stable Auslander-Reiten quiver of Λ and determine all the components of this stable Auslander-Reiten quiver which contain Λ-modules whose endomorphism ring is isomorphic to k. Finally I determine the universal deformation rings of all the modules in these components whose stable endomorphism ring is isomorphic to k.
750

Conformal Field Theory and D-branes

Wurtz, Albrecht January 2006 (has links)
<p>The main topic of this doctoral thesis is D-branes in string theory, expressed in the language of conformal field theory. The purpose of string theory is to describe the elementary particles and the fundamental interactions of nature, including gravitation as a quantum theory. String theory has not yet reached the status to make falsifiable predictions, thus it is not certain that string theory has any direct relevance to physics. On the other hand, string theory related research has led to progress in mathematics.</p><p>We begin with a short introduction to conformal field theory and some of its applications to string theory. We also introduce vertex algebras and discuss their relevance to conformal field theory. Some classes of conformal field theories are introduced, and we discuss the relevant vertex algebras, as well as their interpretation in terms of string theory.</p><p>In string theory, a D-brane specifies where the endpoint of the string lives. Many aspects of string theory can be described in terms of a conformal field theory, which is a field theory that lives on a two-dimensional space. The conformal field theory counterpart of a D-brane is a boundary state, which in some cases has a natural interpretation as constraining the string end point. The main focus of this thesis is on the interpretation of boundary states in terms of D-branes in curved target spaces.</p>

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