Thesis (Ph. D.)--Indiana University of Pennsylvania. / Includes bibliographical references.

La chromodynamique quantique (QCD), théorie actuellement utilisée pour décrire l’interaction forte, a prédit l’existence d’une transition de phase, à très haute température et/ou densité, vers un état de la matière nucléaire où les quarks et les gluons sont déconfinés : le Plasma de Quarks et de Gluons (QGP). Un tel milieu peut être produit en laboratoire, et la mesure de ses propriétés permet d’apporter un éclairage nouveau sur les mécanismes sur les mécanismes d’interactions entre les constituants ainsi que de tester la QCD dans des domaines inexplorés.Les collisions d’ions lourds ultra-relativistes délivrées par l’accélérateur LHC au CERN permettent d’obtenir les conditions thermodynamiques nécessaires à la formation du QGP. À l’aide d’une instrumentation diversifiée, l’expérience ALICE permet d’accéder à un grand nombre d’observables permettant de caractériser le QGP. Parmi celles-ci, la mesure de la fragmentation des partons (quarks et gluons) permet d’étudier en détail les mécanismes de perte d’énergie des partons dans le milieu et de sa redistribution dans l’état final, et peut également être comparée à des calculs théoriques modélisant, à partir de la QCD, l’interaction d’un parton énergétique avec le QGP qu’il traverse.Le travail de thèse présenté dans ce manuscrit s’articule autour de l’étude de la fonction de fragmentation par la mesure des corrélations photon-hadron en collisions proton-proton et proton-Plomb. Dans un premier temps, un travail de calibration en énergie du calorimètre électromagnétique de l’expérience ALICE a été réalisé, accompagné de la caractérisation des incertitudes de cette calibration. Dans un second temps, les corrélations photon-hadron, dont la difficulté majeure réside en l’identification des photons directs, ont été étudiées. Les résultats obtenus dans les deux systèmes de collisions démontrent la faisabilité de l’analyse qui pourra être étendue facilement aux collisions Plomb-Plomb périphériques. Enfin, ce travail montre que les incertitudes dominantes de la mesure seront réductibles avec les données prochainement délivrées par le LHC. / The quantum chromodynamics (QCD), the theory used at present to describe the strong interaction, predicts the existence of a phase transition, at very high temperature and/or density, towards a state of nuclear matter where quarks and gluons are deconfined : the Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP). Such a medium can be produced in laboratory, and the measurement of its properties allows to give a new perspective on the mechanisms of interactions between the constituents as well as to test the QCD in unexplored domains.Ultra-relativistic heavy ion collisions delivered by the accelerator LHC at CERN allow to obtain the thermodynamical conditions necessary for the QGP to be formed. By means of a diversified instrumentation, the ALICE experiment allows to reach a large number of observables allowing to characterize the QGP. Among these, the measurement of the fragmentation of the partons (quarks and gluons) allows to study in detail the mechanisms of energy loss in the medium and its redistribution in the final state, and can also be compared with theoretical calculations, based on QCD, that model the interaction of an energetic parton with the QGP which is passing through.The work presented in this manuscript is articulated around the study of the fragmentation function via the measurement of the photon-hadron correlations in proton-proton and proton-Lead collisions. At first, a work on energy calibration of the ALICE experiment’s electromagnetic calorimeter was realized, along with the characterization of the uncertainties of this calibration. Secondly, the photon-hadron correlations, whose main difficulty is the identification of the direct photons, were studied. The results obtained in both systems of collisions demonstrate the feasibility of the analysis which can be easily widened to the peripheral Lead-Lead collisions. Finally, this work shows that the dominant uncertainties of the measurement will be reducible with the new data delivered by the LHC.

La théorie de l’interaction forte, ou Chromodynamique Quantique (QCD), prédit l’existence d’une nouvelle phase de la matière nucléaire à très haute température et/ou très haute densité. Cet état est composé de quarks et de gluons déconfinés connu sous le nom de plasma de quarks-gluons (PQG).La mesure de sa composition et de ses propriétés est un enjeu important pour la physique nucléaire du XXIème siècle afin de parvenir à une meilleure compréhension des symétries et des mécanismes fondamentaux à l’origine du confinement des quarks au sein des hadrons et de l’interaction forte dans son ensemble.L’accélérateur LHC (Large Hadron Collider) au CERN (Organisation Européenne pour la Recherche Nucléaire) permet d’atteindre les conditions thermodynamiques nécessaires à la formationdu plasma de quarks-gluons à l’aide de collisions d’ions lourds (Pb) ultra relativistes. L’expérience ALICE (A Large Ion Collider Experiment) permet d’accéder à un grand nombre d’observables pour caractériser le PQG à partir de la reconstruction et de l’identification des particules produites lors descollisions. Parmi ces observables, la perte d’énergie des partons (quarks, gluons) de haute impulsiontransverse permet une étude des caractéristiques du milieu telle que sa densité et sa température.La perte d’énergie des partons est mise en évidence par la modification de la distribution en énergiedes hadrons produits par fragmentation.Cette thèse s’articule autour de l’analyse des corrélations photon-hadron dans le but d’étudierla modification de la fragmentation partonique par le plasma de quarks-gluons. La première partiede cette thèse est consacrée à la caractérisation du calorimètre électromagnétique EMCal, détecteur central pour la mesure en énergie et l’identification des photons. La seconde partie est dédiéeà la mesure des corrélations photon-hadron, dont l’analyse a portée sur les collisions proton-protond’énergie ps = 7 TeV, avant d’être appliquée aux collisions Plomb-Plomb d’énergie psNN = 2.76TeV. Un effort particulier a été fourni pour optimiser l’identification des photons prompts, un des points clés de cette analyse. / The strong interaction theory, Quantum Chromodynamic (QCD), predicts a new phase of nuclearmatter at very high temperature and/or very high density. This state is composed of deconfinedquarks and gluons known as the quark-gluon plasma (QGP). The measurement of its compositionand properties is a challenge for the nuclear physics of the 21st century and should lead to a betterunderstanding of the fundamental symetries and mechanisms related to the quarks confinement insidehadrons and the strong interaction generally.The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) accelerator at CERN (European Organization for NuclearResearch) allows to reach the thermodynamic conditions required to create the quark-gluon plasmausing ultra-relativistic heavy ion collisions (Pb). The ALICE experiment (A Large Ion ColliderExperiment) allows to access several probes to characterize the QGP through particles reconstructionand. Among these probes, high energy parton energy loss is used to access medium characteristicssuch as density or temperature. Parton energy loss is estimated from the modification of the energydistribution of hadrons produced by fragmentation.This thesis is dedicated to the photon-hadron correlations analysis in order to study the modificationof the parton fragmentation due to the quark-gluon plasma. First part of this thesis is devotedto the characterization of the electromagnetic calorimeter (EMCal), the central detector for energymeasurement and photon identification. The second part is dedicated to the photon-hadron correlationmeasurement, for the 7 TeV proton-proton collisions and 2.76 TeV Lead-Lead collisions. Animportant work has been done to improve the prompt photon identification, one of the key point ofthis analysis.

nÃo hà / Esta pesquisa busca analisar os elementos utilizados por Tim Burton para representar a Era Vitoriana atravÃs do figurino, meio de transporte e decoraÃÃo. Trabalharemos tambÃm com a traduÃÃo em imagens do nonsense em sua adaptaÃÃo fÃlmica Alice in Wonderland (2010). Nessa perspectiva, o presente trabalho resulta de um estudo comparativo entre o filme e a obra na qual se baseia, o cÃnone da literatura infantil Aliceâs Adventures in Wonderland de Lewis Carroll (1865). Para tanto, faremos um cotejo entre as duas obras à luz das teorias de Elizabeth Sewell (2015), Wim Tigges, (1988) e Susan Stewart (1980) que alicerÃam o gÃnero literÃrio nonsense. LanÃaremos mÃo da versÃo literÃria Lewis Carroll: The Complete Fully Illustrated Works de 1995 da editora Gramercy, contendo toda a obra de Lewis Carroll com ilustraÃÃes originais. Isso, a fim de viabilizar e facilitar a comparaÃÃo com as figuras presentes no texto literÃrio, quando necessÃrio, para investigar se houve aproximaÃÃo na representaÃÃo visual feita pelo diretor.

Orientador: Claudia Valladão de Mattos / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Artes / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-17T05:59:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Goncalves_TatianaFecchiodaCunha_D.pdf: 15934035 bytes, checksum: afa8628c48b9d193a001ddb1e5f7d750 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: Esta tese discute a forma com a qual a representação do "louco" e da loucura foi construída nas imagens de quatro fotógrafos que realizaram ensaios fotográficos em Hospitais Psiquiátricos brasileiros no século XX - Alice Brill (1950), Leonid Streliaev (1971), Claudio Edinger (1989-90) e Claudia Martins (1997) - com o objetivo de explicitar a concepção de loucura subjacente às imagens, bem como pontuar elementos naturalizados nestas construções. Partindo da análise de conteúdo e iconográfica, da pesquisa sobre a tradição de representação do "louco" e da loucura na produção cultural imagética do ocidente, do estudo das implicações que a técnica fotográfica por si suscita, da análise história de veiculação e recepção das imagens, bem como de seus contextos culturais de produção; foi possível pontuar conceitos e pressupostos subjacentes à construção formal da representação do "louco" e da loucura nas imagens de cada um dos fotógrafos estudados. Este estudo permitiu identificar que elementos tradicionais de representação foram acessados pelos fotógrafos estudados, num movimento de perpetuação de formas tipificadas de compreender o diverso. Por outro lado, foi possível verificar que novos elementos compositivos surgiram relacionados com contextos específicos. Assim, este estudo, contribuindo para o desvelamento de formas tipificadas de representação do "louco" e da loucura, almeja representar um esforço no sentido de ampliar as possibilidades de crítica às construções imagéticas que circulam na sociedade, bem como para o questionamento de formas naturalizadas de apreensão destes sujeitos. / Abstract: This thesis discusses ways in which the representation of madmen and madness was built on images taken by four photographers who created photographic essays in Brazilian psychiatric hospitals during the twentieth-century - Alice Brill (1950), Leonid Streliaev (1971), Claudio Edinger (1989 -90) and Claudia Marshall (1997) - in order to unveil underlying social concepts about madness, while also highlighting specific elements that were naturalized in these constructions. The method was based on content analysis and iconographic research, We studied the traditional ways Western culture represents the insane in visual productions, and the implications raised by photographic techniques. We examined the history of transmission and reception of the images and the cultural contexts in which they emerged, so as to understand concepts and assumptions underlying the formal construction of the representation of the mad in the images of the photographers that were selected for this study. The results showed that traditional elements were accessed by the photographers, as a means of perpetuating characteristic modes of understanding diversity. Nevertheless, we observed that new compositional elements emerged, related to specific contexts. By questioning the naturalized ways that society has come to apprehend madness, by critically discussing the construction of images of madmen that circulate in society, our aim was to contribute to the unveiling of typified forms of representation of the mad and madness. / Doutorado / Artes / Doutor em Artes

A escritora brasileira Clarice Lispector e a francesa Alice Ferney, embora oriundas de contextos sócio-históricos diferentes, apresentam muitos pontos em comum em seus romances Uma aprendizagem ou o Livro dos prazeres e La conversation amoureuse. As duas autoras abordam o mesmo tema (o amor e o encontro amoroso) entremeando-o de leitmotiven semelhantes (as questões relativas à alteridade; o papel que a linguagem exerce sobre as relações humanas; os embates sujeito-linguagem; o silêncio como contraparte necessária da palavra), com soluções formais que diferem no todo, mas aproximam-se nos detalhes. Este estudo é uma leitura comparativa entre as duas obras e visa mostrar como as autoras abordam o tema do amor, que tem longa tradição na literatura ocidental, e como o reatualizam a partir de recursos formais de uma literatura em crise. A leitura aqui apresentada coloca em evidência as semelhanças que aproximam e as diferenças que individualizam as obras, observando-as e comparando-as de um ponto de vista temático-morfológico. / The Brazilian writer Clarice Lispector and the French writer Alice Ferney, yet coming from different socio-historical contexts, present many common aspects in their novels Uma aprendizagem ou o Livro dos prazeres and La conversation amoureuse. Both writers deal with the same theme (love and the love encounter), filling the novels up with similar leitmotiven (questions concerning alterity; the role language exerts on human relations; the clash subject-language; silence as a necessary counterpart of word), with formal solutions that are different on the whole, but have similarities in the particularities. This study is a comparative reading between the two aforementioned works and aims at showing how the authors deal with the theme of Love, which has a long tradition in Western literature, and how they re-actualize it from certain formal resources of a literature in crisis. This reading puts in evidence the similarities that approximate and the differences that individualize the works, observing and comparing them from a thematic-morphologic perspective.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-09-12T11:52:29Z No. of bitstreams: 1 lucianamaiaborges.pdf: 1885225 bytes, checksum: 04af139ed8326141377f7c99d4fb83c8 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-10-04T12:34:02Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 lucianamaiaborges.pdf: 1885225 bytes, checksum: 04af139ed8326141377f7c99d4fb83c8 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-10-04T12:35:20Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 lucianamaiaborges.pdf: 1885225 bytes, checksum: 04af139ed8326141377f7c99d4fb83c8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-04T12:35:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 lucianamaiaborges.pdf: 1885225 bytes, checksum: 04af139ed8326141377f7c99d4fb83c8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-10-19 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A presente dissertação traça um paralelo entre a encenação Alice através do espelho, realizada pelo Armazém Companhia de Teatro e apresentada primeiramente em 1999, e estudos que concernem à relação guardada entre texto e teatro, bem como a questões sobre apropriação e recriação no contexto contemporâneo. Dessa maneira, ela reúne momentos significativos em que foi discutida a função do texto no teatro, para, a partir de então, refletir a forma como o grupo Armazém se apropriou das histórias de Lewis Carroll, entre outros textos, para materializar sua própria Alice. Para o estudo sobre o texto no teatro, foram tomadas como referências principais obras de Jean-Jacques Roubine, César Oliva e Francisco Torres Monreal, Hans-Thies Lehmann e Renato Cohen. Com o objetivo de tratar questões relativas à apropriação e recriação, foram abordados principalmente três conceitos: o de tradução intersemiótica, como trabalhado por Julio Plaza, a partir de autores como Roman Jakbson e Walter Benjamin; o de paródia, tratado por Linda Hutcheon; e o de antropofagia, ampliado a partir de Oswald de Andrade por Roberto Corrêa dos Santos, aliado a outros intelectuais como Pierre Lévy, Jacques Derrida e Gilles Deleuze. / The present thesis draws a parallel between the staging of Alice através do espelho (Alice through the looking glass, translated literally), performed by the Armazém Companhia de Teatro (Armazém Theatre Company) for the first time in 1999, and studies concerning the relationship between text and theatre, as well as concepts related to appropriation and recreation in the contemporary context. Therefore, gathers significant moments when the role of the text in theatre was questioned in order to, thereafter, reflect upon the way this theatre company has undertaken an appropriation of the stories of Lewis Carroll, among other texts, with the purpose of materializing its own Alice. In order to study the role of the text in the theatre, the main references taken were the works of Jean-Jacques Roubine, César Oliva and Francisco Torres Monreal, Hans-Thies Lehmann, and Renato Cohen. To address issues related to appropriation and recreation, three main concepts have been tackled: intersemiotic translation, as approached by Julio Plaza, after the thoughts of authors such as Roman Jakobson and Walter Benjamin; parody, as it is seen by Linda Hutcheon; and anthropophagy, expanded from Oswald de Andrade‟s concept by intellectuals such as Roberto Corrêa dos Santos, Pierre Lévy, Jacques Derrida, and Gilles Deleuze.

Orientador: Jun Takahashi / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Física Gleb Wataghin / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-19T21:22:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Chinellato_DavidDobrigkeit_D.pdf: 12088648 bytes, checksum: c79560f4593e813870fc0e788aadf075 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: Neste trabalho, estudamos a produção de hádrons estranhos em colisões próton-próton (pp) a energias de (s)^(1/2)= 7 TeV medidas pelo experimento ALICE no acelerador LHC. São resentadas medidas inéditas das taxas de produção em rapidez central do méson (K) também dos bárions ?,? e O- e suas antipartículas correspondentes. As taxas totais de produção excedem significativamente as previsões de modelos que utilizam a Cromodinâmica Quântica Perturbativa (pQCD). Em particular, comparamos as medidas com previsões do simulador de eventos PYTHIA, onde é observado que as previsões concordam com as medidas apenas para momentos transversais (Pt) acima de 6- 7 GcV / c. Este resultado indica que os processos de primeira ordem não-nula implementados no PYTHIA estão bem ajustados, mas a implementação de um cálculo que descreva os dados em baixo Pt ainda é um problema em aberto. Os resultados aqui apresentados devem contribuir para melhorar o entendimento dos mecanismos de produção de partículas na região de baixo Pt¿ Colisões pp são também utilizadas como referência para colisões nucleares de diferentes multiplicidades no estudo da formação do Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP). Em particular, o aumento da produção de estranheza é considerado um importante observável do QGP. Neste contexto, estudamos a dependência da produção de partículas estranhas com a multiplicidade de partículas carregadas e comprovamos que não há indício de aumento da produção relativa de estranheza cm eventos pp. Isto é um importante resultado, pois complementa os estudos que consideram a possibilidade de formação de QGP em colisões pp / Abstract: In this work, we study the production of strange hadrons in proton-proton (pp) collisions at energies of (s)^(1/2)= 7 TeV measured by the ALICE experiment at the LHC. We present the first measurements of particle yields at central rapidities for the (K)meson as well as for the ?, ? e O- baryon and their antiparticles. Total particle production rates exceed predictions by models that use Perturbative Quantum Chromodynamics (pQCD). In particular, we compare our measurements to predictions by the PYTHIA event generator and find that predictions agree with data only at transverse momenta (Pt) higher than 6- 7 GeV / c. This result indicates that the leading order processes implemented in PYTHIA are well adjusted, but the implementation of a calculation that describes the data at low Pt is still an open issue. The results presented here should contribute to improve our understanding of particle production mechanisms at low Pt ¿ Proton-proton collisions are also used as a reference for nuclear collisions of different multiplicities in the study of Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP) formation. The increase of strangeness production is considered an important observable of the QGP. In this context, we study the dependence of strange particle production with charged particle multiplicity and find that there is no indication of an increase strangeness production rate in pp collisions. This is an important result that contributes to the studies that consider the possibility of QGP formation in pp collisions / Doutorado / Física / Doutor em Ciências

Le plasma de quarks et de gluons est un état de matière obtenu lors de températures et de densités d’énergie extrêmes où les quarks et les gluons sont libres. Cette matière chaude et dense peut être créée dans les collisions d’ions lourds ultra-relativistes. Les mesures des spectres des particules identifiées produites dans des jets représentent un outil majeur permettant d'étudier les propriétés du plasma créé dans les collisions et d'ainsi comprendre les relations entre divers mécanismes contribuant à la production de particules dans ce milieu. Cette thèse présente une analyse des spectres en impulsion transverse des baryons Λ et mésons K0S produits dans des jets chargés lors de collisions Pb–Pb centrales à l'énergie sqrt(sNN) = 2.76 TeV mesurées avec ALICE au LHC. Les résultats sont utilisés pour discuter l'origine de l'augmentation du rapport entre baryons et mésons observée pour la production inclusive des particules dans les collisions d’ions lourds ultra-relativistes. / Quark–gluon plasma is a state of matter existing under extreme energy densities and temperatures where quarks and gluons are deconfined. This hot and dense strongly interacting matter can be created in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions. Measurements of spectra of identified particles produced in jets represent a major tool for studying properties of the plasma created in the collisions and for understanding the interplay of various mechanisms which contribute to the particle production in this medium. In this thesis, we present the measurement of the transverse-momentum spectra of Λ baryons and K0S mesons produced in charged jets in central Pb–Pb collisions at the centre-of-mass energy sqrt(sNN) = 2.76 TeV, measured with ALICE at the LHC. The results of the analysis are used to discuss the origin of the enhancement of the baryon-to-meson ratio observed for the inclusive production of light-flavour particles in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions.

La production de photons de grande impulsion transverse lors des collisions proton-proton (p-p), est décrite par la chromodynamique quantique perturbative (pQCD). Parmi ces photons, ceux issus directement d’un processus partonique énergétique (appelés photons directs) sont particulièrement intéressants car leur mesure permet de tester précisément les prédictions de la pQCD et offre la possibilité de mieux contraindre les fonctions de structure du proton. Ce travail de thèse a pour objectif l’étude et la mesure des photons directs produits dans les collisions p-p à 7 TeV avec le détecteur ALICE. Le calorimètre électromagnétique d’ALICE (EMCal), est utilisé pour réaliser cette mesure qui s’appuie notamment sur l’utilisation d’une procédure d’isolement permettant de réduire le bruit de fond provenant des autres modes de production (fragmentation, décroissance). Les aspects relatifs à la qualité des données dans EMCal, à l’identification des photons, mais aussi ceux liés à la correction du spectre ou encore à sa normalisation sont mis en avant. Finalement, la première section efficace de photons isolés mesurée dans les collisions p-p à 7 TeV avec le détecteur ALICE est présentée et comparée avec les prédictions théoriques avant d’être mise en regard avec les résultats issus des autres grandes expériences du LHC. / The high transverse momentum photon production inproton-proton collisions (p-p) is described by perturbativequantum chromodynamics (pQCD). Among thesephotons, those produced directly by an energetic partonicinteraction (called direct photons) are of great interestsince their measurement allows to test pQCDpredictions and it allows also the constraint of protonstructure functions. The work of this thesis aims atstudying and measuring direct photons produced in p-pcollisions at 7 TeV with the ALICE detector. The ALICEelectromagnetic calorimeter (EMCal) is used to achievethis measurement which is based on an isolation procedurethat allows to reduce background coming fromother photon production modes (fragmentation, decay).Multiple aspects like EMCal data quality, photon identificationas well as spectrum correction and its normalizationare highlighted. Finally, the first isolated promptphoton cross-section measured with ALICE detector ispresented, compared to theoretical predictions and tothe last results from other LHC experiments.