Le jet est l'une des sondes permettant de tester les prédictions de la théorie de l'interaction forte, la QCD, et d'extraire les propriétés physiques d'un état particulier de la matière nucléaire : le Plasma de Quarks et de Gluons (PQG). Ce travail de thèse a pour but de montrer les capacités d'ALICE à mesurer les jets issus des collisions produites au Large Hadron Collider (LHC).La détection des particules constituant les jets, leur association à l'aide d'algorithmes de reconstruction ainsi que la construction d'observables telles que le spectre en pT des jets ou le Plateau Bossu est un travail complexe. Nous détaillons ces différentes étapes à partir de simulations permettant d'appréhender le taux de jets réels à attendre pour notre analyse etd'évaluer l'impact de la mesure expérimentale sur les observables finales. Nous présentons finalement les spectres en pT et Plateaux Bossus issus des premières collisions p+p du LHC auxquels ont été appliquées des corrections moyennes. / The jet is one of the probes allowing testing strong interaction theory predictions, QCD, and to extract physical properties from a particular state of nuclear matter : Quark Gluon Plasma (QGP). This PhD work is aimed to show ALICE capacities to measure jets coming from collisions produced at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The detection of particles constituting jets, their association with reconstruction algorithms and the construction of observables such as jet pT spectrum of Hump-Backed Plateau is a hard work. We detail these different steps from simulation allowing to estimate jet rates we could expect for ouranalysis and to evaluate the impact of experimental measure on final observables. We finally present pT spectrum and Hump-Backed Plateau from first p+p collisions at LHC to whom mean corrections have been applied.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:44:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 1866007 bytes, checksum: 27c8a4b2ed255141f451727982e3690b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-22 / This study aims to reflect upon the constitution the formation of the woman subject through the fictional language of two contemporary Canadian novels, Lives of Girls and Women (1971) and The diviners (1973) by Alice Munro and Margaret Laurence, respectively. Having been published in the early seventies, both novels include a series of questions about the search for an identity of its own, according to a new demand which is allied to critical gender studies. Therefore, it constitutes a major factor to this research, the manner in which the narrative protagonists, Del Jordan of Lives of Girls and Women (2001) and Morag Gunn of The Diviners (1993) perform this process. As a strategy, both appropriate the Bildungsroman genre questioning the discourses with which it dialogues. Starting from childhood, when there is both the immersion of Del Jordan, as of Morag Gunn in environments that favor the activity of reading, one realizes that, not coincidentally, both will take the profession of writers in the age coming. From that perspective, discussions about language studies, gender, and female development novels are established to which the approaches of Chris Weedon (1989), Teresa de Lauretis (1994), Cristina Ferreira Pinto (1990), Sylvia Molloy (2004), Coral Ann Howells (1998), among others will prove as essential ones to rethink the process by which the protagonists go through until the discovery of their subjectivities. / O presente estudo se dispõe a realizar uma reflexão acerca da formação do sujeito mulher por meio da linguagem em um recorte da ficção de duas autoras canadenses contemporâneas, a saber, Lives of Girls and Women (1971) e The Diviners (1973) de Alice Munro e Margaret Laurence, respectivamente. Tendo sido publicados no início da década de setenta, ambos os romances compreendem uma série de questionamentos em torno da busca pela construção de uma identidade própria, atendendo a uma nova demanda crítica que se alia aos estudos de gênero. Portanto, constitui-se como fator preponderante à pesquisa a maneira pela qual as protagonistas das obras, Del Jordan, de Lives of Girls and Women (2001) e Morag Gunn de The Diviners (1993) realizam esse processo. Como estratégia, ambas se apropriam do gênero Bildungsroman visando o questionamento dos discursos com os quais dialogam. Partindo da infância, quando se dá a imersão tanto de Del Jordan, quanto de Morag Gunn em ambientes que privilegiam a atividade da leitura, percebese que, não coincidentemente, ambas assumirão a profissão de escritoras na chegada da maturidade. Inserem, portanto, nessa perspectiva, discussões estabelecidas em torno dos estudos da linguagem, do gênero, dos romances de formação femininos aos quais as abordagens de Chris Weedon (1989), Teresa de Lauretis (1994), Cristina Ferreira Pinto (1990), Sylvia Molloy (2004), Coral Ann Howells (1998), entre outros, se mostrarão preponderantes a fim de se repensar o processo pelo qual as protagonistas atravessam até a descoberta de suas subjetividades.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T18:55:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Helena.pdf: 3354486 bytes, checksum: df3e5498bd66a5f596faa86670a86e41 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-07 / This investigation about the work of Alice Ruiz S. is founded in criticism and phenomenology with theoretical approaches on imaginary, so that the recurrent symbols, myths and poetic images can be analysed. In addition, the time of production is also considered, as well as its relationship with the social context, the age, and the influences on the production of the poet, with theretical foundations in Durand, studies of relationship between author, text and social environment that are calles mythcriticism and mythanalysis. The critical-theoretical notions were based on Durand, Bachelard, Cassirer Brunel , Chevalier; Gheerbrandt , Merleau Ponty, Nunes, Mello,among others. The research includes the study of the lyrics of Alice Ruiz S. by using Durand's methodologies of mythanalysis, mythochritics as well as hermeneutics and the identification and myths, symbols and images.The corpus consists of the following works: Navalhanaliga (1980), Até 79, Paixão Xama Paixão (1983), Minimal, Pelos Pêlos (1984), Hai-Tropikai (1985), Rimagens (1985), Vice-versos (1988), Desorientais (1996), Haikai (1998), Alice Ruiz Série Paranaenses nº3. (1988), Poesia pra Tocar no Rádio (1999), Yuuka (2004), Salada de Frutas (2008), Conversa de Passarinhos (2008), Dois em Um (2010), Três Linhas (2009), Boa Companhia (2009), Jardim de Haijin (2010), Estação dos Bichos (2011). Through this study it was possible to identify and analyze the main symbols, myths and images, from the perspective of mythocritics, mythoanalysis and that allowed us to understand the influence of the socio-cultural context on the lyrics of Alice Ruiz S. Ruiz It was noted the frequent use of word play and rhymes, poems that reflect existential crisis related to the position of women and historical situation; orientalism; greek mythology and integration with I-lyric with nature in her poetry. / Esta pesquisa sobre a obra de Alice Ruiz S. fundamenta-se na crítica e na fenomenologia com abordagens teóricas sobre crítica e imaginário, isto é, analisa-se os símbolos, mitos e imagens poéticas recorrentes na poesia de Alice Ruiz S. Além disso, também será considerado o momento de sua produção e sua relação com o contexto social da época e com as influências na produção da poeta, com bases teóricas em Durand, nos estudos entre: o autor, o texto e o meio social - por ele denominado mitocrítica e o contexto sociocultural - mitoanálise. As noções teórico-críticas foram embasadas em Durand, Bachelard, Cassirer, Brunel, Chevalier; Gheerbrandt, Merleau Ponty, Nunes, Mello, dentre outros. A pesquisa engloba o estudo da lírica de Alice Ruiz S. com base nos métodos da mitoanálise e mitocrítica de Durand, na hermenêutica e na identificação e mitos, símbolos e imagens. O corpus é constituído das seguintes obras Os livros analisados são: Navalhanaliga (1980), Até 79, Paixão Xama Paixão (1983), Minimal, Pelos Pêlos (1984), Hai-Tropikai (1985), Rimagens (1985), Vice-versos (1988), Desorientais (1996), Haikai (1998), Alice Ruiz Série Paranaenses nº3. (1988), Poesia pra Tocar no Rádio (1999), Yuuka (2004), Salada de Frutas (2008), Conversa de Passarinhos (2008), Dois em Um (2010), Três Linhas (2009), Boa Companhia (2009), Jardim de Haijin (2010), Estação dos Bichos (2011). Através deste estudo foi possível identificar e analisar os principais símbolos, mitos e imagens, dentro da perspectiva da mitocrítica e mitoanálise, que permitiram compreender as influências do contexto sociocultural da época na lírica de Alice Ruiz S. Constatou-se o uso frequente de jogo de palavras e rimas; poemas que refletem crise existencial relacionada à posição da mulher e situação histórica; o orientalismo; a mitologia grega e a integração com eu-lírico com a natureza em sua poética.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T18:55:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Helena Marques.pdf: 3354452 bytes, checksum: ce0675d6006c65b08419bffa88cdaec5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-05 / This investigation about the work of Alice Ruiz S. is founded in criticism and phenomenology with theoretical approaches on imaginary, so that the recurrent symbols, myths and poetic images can be analysed. In addition, the time of production is also considered, as well as its relationship with the social context, the age, and the influences on the production of the poet, with theretical foundations in Durand, studies of relationship between author, text and social environment that are calles mythcriticism and mythanalysis. The critical-theoretical notions were based on Durand, Bachelard, Cassirer Brunel , Chevalier; Gheerbrandt , Merleau Ponty, Nunes, Mello,among others. The research includes the study of the lyrics of Alice Ruiz S. by using Durand's methodologies of mythanalysis, mythochritics as well as hermeneutics and the identification and myths, symbols and images.The corpus consists of the following works: Navalhanaliga (1980), Até 79, Paixão Xama Paixão (1983), Minimal, Pelos Pêlos (1984), Hai-Tropikai (1985), Rimagens (1985), Vice-versos (1988), Desorientais (1996), Haikai (1998), Alice Ruiz Série Paranaenses nº3. (1988), Poesia pra Tocar no Rádio (1999), Yuuka (2004), Salada de Frutas (2008), Conversa de Passarinhos (2008), Dois em Um (2010), Três Linhas (2009), Boa Companhia (2009), Jardim de Haijin (2010), Estação dos Bichos (2011). Through this study it was possible to identify and analyze the main symbols, myths and images, from the perspective of mythocritics, mythoanalysis and that allowed us to understand the influence of the socio-cultural context on the lyrics of Alice Ruiz S. Ruiz It was noted the frequent use of word play and rhymes, poems that reflect existential crisis related to the position of women and historical situation; orientalism; greek mythology and integration with I-lyric with nature in her poetry / Esta pesquisa sobre a obra de Alice Ruiz S. fundamenta-se na crítica e na fenomenologia com abordagens teóricas sobre crítica e imaginário, isto é, analisa-se os símbolos, mitos e imagens poéticas recorrentes na poesia de Alice Ruiz S. Além disso, também será considerado o momento de sua produção e sua relação com o contexto social da época e com as influências na produção da poeta, com bases teóricas em Durand, nos estudos entre: o autor, o texto e o meio social - por ele denominado mitocrítica e o contexto sociocultural - mitoanálise. As noções teórico-críticas foram embasadas em Durand, Bachelard, Cassirer, Brunel, Chevalier; Gheerbrandt, Merleau Ponty, Nunes, Mello, dentre outros. A pesquisa engloba o estudo da lírica de Alice Ruiz S. com base nos métodos da mitoanálise e mitocrítica de Durand, na hermenêutica e na identificação e mitos, símbolos e imagens. O corpus é constituído das seguintes obras Os livros analisados são: Navalhanaliga (1980), Até 79, Paixão Xama Paixão (1983), Minimal, Pelos Pêlos (1984), Hai-Tropikai (1985), Rimagens (1985), Vice-versos (1988), Desorientais (1996), Haikai (1998), Alice Ruiz Série Paranaenses nº3. (1988), Poesia pra Tocar no Rádio (1999), Yuuka (2004), Salada de Frutas (2008), Conversa de Passarinhos (2008), Dois em Um (2010), Três Linhas (2009), Boa Companhia (2009), Jardim de Haijin (2010), Estação dos Bichos (2011). Através deste estudo foi possível identificar e analisar os principais símbolos, mitos e imagens, dentro da perspectiva da mitocrítica e mitoanálise, que permitiram compreender as influências do contexto sociocultural da época na lírica de Alice Ruiz S. Constatou-se o uso frequente de jogo de palavras e rimas; poemas que refletem crise existencial relacionada à posição da mulher e situação histórica; o orientalismo; a mitologia grega e a integração com eu-lírico com a natureza em sua poética

L’expérience ALICE a pour principal objectif l’étude et la caractérisation du plasma de quarks et de gluons (QGP), un état de la matière nucléaire dans lequel les quarks et les gluons sont déconfinés. Les quarkonia constituent l’une des plus intéressantes sondes (des états liés d’un quark lourd Q et de son anti-quark Q) du QGP. De plus, l’étude de la production des quarkonia est très intéressante puisqu’elle peut contribuer à une meilleure compréhension de la Chromodynamique Quantique, la théorie décrivant l’interaction forte. La formation d’états de quarkonia lors de collisions hadroniques n’est pas bien comprise. Les deux principales approches théoriques décrivant la production d’états de quarkonia, le ‘Color Singlet Model’ (CSM) et la QCD non-relativiste (NRQCD), ont montré des difficultés à décrire simultanément la section efficace de production et la polarisation de tels états. Expérimentalement, les mesures de la polarisation des quarkonia n’ont pas toujours été compatibles entre elles. Ainsi, que ce soit du point de vue expérimental ou théorique, l’étude des quarkonia est restée inachevée. De nouvelles méthodes récemment proposées ont souligné la nécessité de mesurer tous les paramètres de la polarisation, dans les différents systèmes de référence. Dans ce contexte, de nouvelles mesures peuvent améliorer les contraintes actuelles, voire apporter de nouvelles contraintes sur les prédictions. ALICE a mesuré la polarisation du J/ψ lors de collisions pp à √8 = 7 TeV. La plus grande statistique des données à 8 TeV par rapport aux données à 7 TeV permet d’étendre les mesures à une gamme de pT plus large. Cette thèse présente une mesure complète de la polarisation de J/ψ, i.e. les trois paramètres de polarisation, dans deux systèmes de référence différents: le système Collins-Soper et le système d’hélicité. Les résultats ne montrent aucune polarisation significative pour le J/ψ dans le domaine cinématique étudié : 2.5 < y < 4.0 et 2 < pT < 15 GeV/c. Le paramètre invariant λ a également été mesuré afin d’écarter le risque d’un biais dans la procédure d’analyse. La comparaison de ces résultats avec les prédictions théoriques montre que la production de quarkonia n’est pas encore correctement décrite. Aucun de ces modèles théoriques n’est capable de décrire à la fois les mesures de sections efficaces et de polarisation. / The main purpose of the ALICE experiment is the study and characterization of the Quark Gluon Plasma (QGP), a state of nuclear matter in which quarks and gluons are deconfined. Quarkonia (bound states of a heayvy quark Q and its anti-quark Q) constitute one of the most interesting probes of the QGP. Besides this motivation, the study of quarkonium production is very interesting since it can contribute to our understanding of Quantum Chromodynamics, the theory of strong interactions. The formation of quarkonium states in hadronic collisions is not yet completely understood. The two main theoretical approaches to describe the production of quarkonium states, the Color Singlet Model and the Non-Relativistic QCD framework (NRQCD), have historically presented problems to simultaneously describe the production cross section and polarization of such states. On the experimental side, quarkonium polarization measurements have not always been complete and consistent between them. So, neither from the theoretical nor from the experimental point of view the situation was clear.Improved methods for the measurement of quarkonium polarization have been recently proposed, highlighting the necessity to perform the measurements of all polarization parameters with respect to different reference axes. In this context, new measurements could help to improve and set new constraints to the calculations. ALICE has measured the J/ψ polarization in pp collisions at √8= 7 TeV. The higher statistics of the 8 TeV data with respect to the 7 TeV data allows to extend the pT range of the measurements. This thesis presents a complete measurement of J/ψ polarization, i.e. the three polarization parameters, in two polarization frames : the Collins-Soper and Helicity frames. The results show no significant J/ψ polarization in the kinematic domain studied: 2.5 < y < 4.0 and 2 < pT < 15 GeV/c. The measurement of a frame invariant parameter λ, was also performed to ensure that no bias was present in the analysis procedure. The comparison with different theoretical predictions shows that there is not yet a satisfactory description of quarkonium production. None of the present theoretical approaches is able to describe both, the cross section and polarization measurements.

La production hadronique des Quarkonia est un puzzle de longue date, qui teste la capacité des physiciens des particules à décrire les interactions de couleur. Même si la structure de la chromodynamique quantique (QCD) est bien définie et inspirée par l’électrodynamique quantique (QED), les différences par rapport à cette dernière rendent très difficile la description théorique des propriétés des hadrons.Un grand nombre de modèles et de théories effectives des champs ont été proposés pour décrire la production de quarkonia lourds, mais aucune n'a réussi à prédire, de façon fiable, différentes observables. En particulier, la QCD non relativiste (NRQCD) est arrivée à décrire les sections efficaces des quarkonia au Tevatron, mais a failli pour la prédiction du degré de polarisation du J/psi. Par contre, le modèle singulet de couleur (CSM: Color Singlet Model) présentait des résultats légèrement meilleurs du coté de la polarisation mais avait des problèmes avec la normalisation et la forme des sections efficaces différentielles.Le démarrage du LHC au CERN est une excellente opportunité expérimentale pour résoudre ces problèmes. En effet le saut en énergie, par rapport au Tevatron, permet d'avoir des sections efficaces de quarks lourds bien plus élevées que dans le passé, de plus les performances excellentes des expériences LHC nous permettent de procéder à des analyses difficiles.ALICE est l’expérience du LHC dédiée à l’étude de la matière dense et chaude produite dans les collisions d’ions lourds ultra-relativistes : le plasma de quarks et de gluons (PQG). Pendant les deux premières années de prises de données, elle a montré des performances excellentes pour la détection des J/psi, aussi bien en collisions PbPb qu’en collisions pp.Dans cette thèse est présenté la mesure de la polarisation de J/psi inclusif, produits dans les collisions pp à une énergie dans le centre de masse de 7 TeV. L’analyse a été effectuée sur presque 80% de la statistique recueillie par le spectromètre à muons d’ALICE en 2010. Elle a été basée sur l’extraction de la distribution angulaire des muons provenant de la désintégration du J/psi.Les résultats obtenus par cette étude représentent la première mesure de la polarisation des quarkonia au LHC et offrent la possibilité de tester les modèles théoriques dans un régime d’énergie plus de trois fois supérieur à celui du Tevatron.Une première comparaison avec les derniers calculs théoriques est également présentée dans cette thèse. / Quarkonium hadroproduction is a long standing puzzle which tests the ability of particle physicists to describe colour interactions. Even if the structure of quantum chromodynamics (QCD) is well established and inspired to quantum electrodynamics (QED), its differences with respect to the latter make the theoretical description of hadron properties very difficult.Many models and effective field theories have been proposed in order to describe heavy quarkonia production, but none of them have been able to predict different observables in a reliable way. In particular, nonrelativistic QCD (NRQCD) succeeded in describing quarkonia cross sections at the Tevatron, but failed in predicting the degree of polarization of the J/psi. On the other hand, the color-singlet model (CSM) had slightly better results from the polarization side, but had problems with the magnitude and differential shapes of the cross sections.The startup of the LHC at CERN provides a very important experimental opportunity in solving these problems. Indeed, the big jump in energy with respect to Tevatron leads to much higher heavy-quarks cross sections than in the past and, moreover, the very good performances of the LHC experiments allow to perform delicate analysis.ALICE is the LHC experiment dedicated to the study of the dense and hot matter produce in ultrarelativistic heavy ions collisions: the quark gluon plasma (QGP). During the first two years of data taking it showed very good performance in the detection of J/psi, both in PbPb and pp collisions.In this thesis, the polarization measurement of J/psi inclusively produced in pp collisions at a center of mass energy of 7 TeV is presented. The analysis was performed on almost 80% of the statistics collected by the ALICE forward muon spectrometer during 2010. It was based on the extraction of the angular distribution of the muons coming from the J/psi decay. The results obtained with this study represent the first measurement of quarkonia polarization at the LHC and they offer the possibility to test the theoretical models in a more than three times higher energy regime with respect to Tevatron. A first comparison with recent theoretical calculations is also presented in this document.

La Chromodynamique Quantique prédit que la matière chaude et dense produite en collisions d'ions lourds ultra-relativistes, le Plasma de Quarks et de Gluons (QGP), se conduit comme un état déconfiné de quarks et gluons.ALICE est la seule expérience au LHC qui a été conçue et construite pour caractériser la physique du QGP. Le spectromètre à muons, un des détecteurs d'ALICE, est utilisé pour mesurer la production de quarkonia à rapidité en avant.Dans la thèse suivante, l'efficacité des chambres de trajectographie du spectromètre à muons est étudiée durant une année de pris des données. Les résultats obtenus des données réelles sont comparés avec des simulations pour calculer les incertitudes systématiques par rapport aux chambres de trajectographie.Une analyse complète de la production inclusive de J/psi --> mu^+ mu^- dans les collisions Pb-Pb 2011 est également presentée. L' étude inclut l'extraction du signal, normalisation et corrections d'acceptance et d'efficacité. Une partie importante est consacrée à quantifier les incertitudes systématiques liées aux différentes sources. Les résultats, R_{AA} et <p_{T}> , sont comparés avec des expériences précédentes et des modèles théoriques. / Quantum Chromodynamics predicts that the hot and dense matter produced in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions, the Quark Gluon Plasma (QGP), behaves as a deconfined state of quarks and gluons. Since 1980's it was predicted that quarkonia are suppressed due to screening effects in the QGP, making quarkonia a good tool to probe the plasma.ALICE is the only experiment at the LHC that was designed and built to characterize the physics of the QGP. The muon spectrometer, one of the detectors in ALICE, is used to measure the quarkonia production at forward rapidity. In this thesis the efficiency of the tracking chambers of the muon spectrometer is studied along one year of data taking. The results obtained from real data are compared to simulations in order to compute the systematic uncertainties associated to the tracking apparatus.A complete analysis of the inclusive J/psi --> mu^+ mu^- production in the 2011 Pb-Pb collisions is also presented. The study includes the signal extraction, normalization and acceptance times efficiency corrections. An important part is dedicated to the quantify the systematic uncertainties arising from different sources. The resulting R_{AA} and <p_{T}> are compared to previous experiments and also to theoretical models.

Les sondes dures apparaissent comme l'un des sujets les plus excitant de la Physique des hautes énergies. Les mécanismes de production des quarkonia (mésons formés par l'état lié quark-antiquark charmé ou beau) dans les collisions hadroniques sont particulièrement intéressants. La suppression du J/ψ et des autres charmonia a été prédites comme l'une des signatures de la formation du Plasma de Quark et de Gluons (PQG), suppression déjà observée au SPS et au RHIC. De nombreuses études de la suppression des charmonia ont également été menées au LHC. Cependant, d'autres effets sont susceptibles de modifier la production de charmonia sans requérir la formation d'un QGP. Ces effets, inhérents aux collisions impliquant des noyaux, sont appelés effets nucléaires froids ou CNM («Cold Nuclear Matter»). Ils peuvent être étudiés dans les collisions p-Pb. Cette thèse est dédiée à l'analyse de la production de J/ψ dans les collisions p-Pb collisions à une énergie dans le centre de masse de 5.02 TeV par paire de nucléon au LHC. La production de J/ψ est étudiée en fonction de l'impulsion transverse, de la rapidité et de l'activité de la collision. Ces résultats apportent une contribution significative dans la compréhension des effets CNM et dans l'établissement d'une référence pour l'interprétation de la production de J/ψ dans les collisions Pb-Pb. / Hard probes represent one of the hottest topics of the modern high energy physics. The production mechanism of quarkonia (mesons composed of a charm or beauty quark and its antiquark) in hadronic collisions is of particular interest. The suppression of J/ψ and other charmonium states was predicted as one of the first signatures of the Quark Gluon Plasma (QGP) formation and was seen at RHIC and SPS. It was also studied at the LHC in Pb-Pb collisions. However, other effects can affect the charmonium production in Pb-Pb collisions without the presence of the QGP. These effects are inherent to the use of nuclei and are called «Cold Nuclear Matter» (CNM) effects. They can be studied in p-Pb collisions. This thesis is dedicated to the studies of J/ψ production in p-Pb collisions at the LHC at a center of mass energy of 5.02 TeV per nucleon pair. J/ψ production is studied as a function of transverse momentum, rapidity and event activity. These results represent a significant step to better understanding of the CNM effects and to the establishment of a reference for J/ψ production in Pb-Pb collisions.

In this thesis, I will argue that the characters and groups in Walker's The Color Purple and The Temple of My Familiar, who practice holistic survival, remain or become whole, which is the key to living a meaningful life. For Walker, holistic survival entails embracing the fragments of our past, present, and future experiences. The past is made up of knowing about our personal experiences and remembering our heritage. The present is made up of healing the past by taking responsibility for the pain we have caused and valuing fellow life, and the future is made by using the past and present to create hope. It is not enough to merely survive, to continue breathing;rather, in order to survive whole, we must also successfully paste together the fragments that make up our past, present, and future. However, the consequences of neglecting any fragment can cause us to become lost. We can either collect and come to terms with our many fragments in order to become whole, or our experiences will remain scattered, leaving us fragmented beings.

Univ., Diss.--Siegen, 2003.