Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:40:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Karin Sapocznik Szapiro.pdf: 198574 bytes, checksum: a63801237a823ea7b89bfa17d866f273 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-06-25 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Winnicott presented the concept he called The Capacity to be Alone to the British Psychoanalytical Society in 1957. This concept represents one of the most important signs of maturity in the human being and refers to an emotional condition that enables one to achieve a sense of identity and uniqueness and makes it possible to communicate with oneself and with others. The Capacity to Be Alone has no relation with solitary confinement or with the feeling of loneliness or anguish. On the contrary, it is an emotional state experienced with delight and serenity and provides the sense of identity that brings out the self-confidence needed to live life creatively. Being alone as an infant and a small child is experienced and achieved in the mother s presence, and this leads us to the conclusion that there is a paradox at the basis of this capacity: someone else - usually the good enough mother - is absolutely necessary and the quality of this presence is of extreme importance. If a good relationship between mother and baby is achieved, the baby experiences an intense, vividly felt internal state that is accompanied by a nearby, reliable other . Over time, the presence of the real mother naturally becomes less and less necessary. Examples from literature and from real life will be provided in order to illustrate the requirements to achieve this capacity, and a clinical case will be studied in depth to show the acquisition of the capacity to be alone by an adult pacient in the presence of his analyst. When the capacity to be alone is well-established, individuals are able to discover their own personal lives and feel confident about both their present and their future, living life with creativity / A Capacidade de Ficar Só , conceito apresentado por Winnicott em 1957 à Sociedade Britânica de Psicanálise, representa um dos sinais mais importantes do amadurecimento do sujeito. Trata-se da conquista de uma solidão saudável, fonte de criatividade pessoal que possibilita manter contato com o que há de mais verdadeiro e secreto no ser humano, trazendo um sentimento de identidade e uma volta às origens. Ficar só é tomar consciência de que se é um ser único e pressupõe uma condição emocional constituída com base na confiança na comunicação consigo mesmo e com o outro. A Capacidade de Ficar Só não tem relação com a experiência de ficar só como acontecimento real e não diz respeito ao sentimento de confinamento, angústia ou sofrimento. Ao contrário, essa solidão é vivenciada com deleite e tranqüilidade, pois o ficar só proporciona um vazio prenhe de possibilidades, que precisa ser sustentado para o sujeito vir a ser . Para que a Capacidade de Ficar Só seja experimentada, é imprescindível a experiência de dependência máxima na origem do ser humano na qual é fundamental a presença da mãe suficientemente boa. Portanto, é preciso estar na companhia de alguém para que a capacidade de ficar só seja conquistada, o que envolve um paradoxo por natureza. Exemplos literários e da vida real ajudarão a detalhar os pressupostos necessários à conquista da Capacidade de Ficar Só e um caso clínico ilustrará como esta capacidade pode ser conquistada mais tarde, na vida adulta, com a ajuda de um analista confiável. Quando uma boa relação está suficientemente bem estabelecida, cria-se a possibilidade para que o sujeito possa se sentir confiante quanto ao presente e ao futuro. Com o auxílio do ambiente suficientemente bom, das repetidas gratificações instintivas satisfatórias e da conquista da capacidade de ficar só, o sujeito poderá construir a crença em um ambiente benigno e acolhedor para viver criativamente e exercer sua potencialidade máxima

Submitted by Rosivalda Pereira (mrs.pereira@ufma.br) on 2017-07-19T17:30:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 PedroLeiteNeto.pdf: 15729023 bytes, checksum: 58efe211075c14c50cf9c297aa235d4f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-19T17:30:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PedroLeiteNeto.pdf: 15729023 bytes, checksum: 58efe211075c14c50cf9c297aa235d4f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-06-02 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / The development of microgrids was driven by the need to supply consumers with more stable and reliable electricity. The intermittent nature of renewable sources differs from the requirements of consumers - especially in isolated areas - who expect an uninterrupted and quality energy supply. Isolated microstrips may have available one or more renewable sources to be explored, configuring hybrid systems. Although such renewable sources are inexhaustible, energy conversion systems are capacity limited and need to be explored efficiently. Hybrid systems typically include solar photovoltaic and wind, already well studied. In this thesis are introduced the oceanic energies in their gradient and tidal currents forms. This thesis contributes to the efficient exploration of the oceanic sources, both as a single source as well as in a hybrid configuration. In relation to the isolated operation, the storage system is of fundamental importance. Considering the high costs of a battery bank over the total cost of the system, operating strategies that preserve its useful life while maintaining uninterrupted power supply are mandatory. Considering these aspects, in this work is proposed a dual energy storage system composed of two subsystems with diversified functions and submitted to different chage/discharge conditions. The purpose of this new strategy is a more efficient use of the storage system, since this operating regime becomes closer to the recommended by the battery manufacturers. The benefits of this strategy are reflected in the overall cost reduction of the microgrid. In order to achieve optimum operating strategies, a more accurate mathematical model of the batteries is used to reproduce the behavior of the batteries in a more realistic way. In addition, it is investigated the performance of operating strategies that allow maximum benefits to be obtained through the diversification of the microgrid energy matrix, by including hydrokinetic tidal sources. The motivation for including this source lies in its high potential, especially on the northern coast of Brazil. These benefits should be evaluated mainly through the more efficient use of the storage system as well as the reduction of the participation of fossil fuel units in the operation of isolated microgrids. / O desenvolvimento das microrredes foi impulsionado pela necessidade de suprir os consumidores com eletricidade de forma mais estável e confiável. A natureza intermitente das fontes renováveis se contrapõe às exigências dos consumidores - especialmente em áreas isoladas - que esperam por um fornecimento de energia sem interrupções e com qualidade. As microrredes isoladas podem ter disponíveis uma ou mais fontes renováveis para serem exploradas, configurando sistemas híbridos. Embora tais fontes renováveis sejam inesgotáveis, os sistemas de conversão de energia são limitados em capacidade e devem ser explorados com eficiência. Sistemas híbridos normalmente incluem energia solar fotovoltaica e eólica, já bastante estudadas. Nesta tese são introduzidas as energias oceânicas nas suas formas de gradiente e de correntes de marés. Esta tese contribui para a exploração eficiente de fontes oceânicas, tanto na operação como fonte única assim como em configuração híbrida. No que tange a operação isolada, o sistema de armazenamento tem importância fundamental. Considerando os elevados custos de um banco de baterias sobre o custo total do sistema, estratégias de operação que preservem sua vida útil, ao mesmo tempo que mantenham o fornecimento ininterrupto de energia, são mandatórias. Diante destes aspectos, neste trabalho é proposto um sistema dual de armazenamento de energia composto de dois subsistemas com funções diversificadas e submetidos a condições de carga/descarga diferentes. O objetivo desta nova estratégia consiste no uso mais eficiente do sistema de armazenamento, uma vez que esse regime de operação se torna mais próximo daquele recomendado pelos fabricantes de baterias. Os benefícios desta estratégia são refletidos na redução dos custos globais da microrrede. Para conseguir as estratégias de operação ótima, neste trabalho é utilizado um modelo matemático mais acurado das baterias a fim de reproduzir de forma mais realista o comportamento das baterias. Além disso, é investigado o desempenho de estratégias de operação que permitam obter o máximo de benefícios decorrentes da diversificação da matriz energética da microrrede, através da inclusão de fontes hidrocinéticas maremotrizes. A motivação para a inclusão desta fonte está no seu elevado potencial, em especial no litoral norte do Brasil. Estes benefícios devem ser avaliados especialmente quanto ao uso mais eficiente do sistema de armazenamento, assim como a redução da necessidade de participação de unidades baseadas em combustível fóssil na operação de microrredes isoladas.

La qualité d’un réseau électrique se mesure notamment par sa résilience, à savoir sa capacité à continuer de fournir, de façon stable, une électricité de qualité malgré les incidents. Cette continuité d’alimentation est notamment assurée par le réglage de la fréquence, ce dernier faisant office de moyen de coopération entre les différentes sources du réseau. Les travaux de cette thèse étudient en profondeur les différentes façons d’assurer ce réglage de la fréquence sur des microréseaux alternatifs îlotés au regard des problématiques nouvelles : intégration croissante de sources d’énergie renouvelables intermittentes et baisse (voire disparition) de l’inertie inhérente aux groupes synchrones tournants. L’objectif principal est de proposer un ensemble de modèles analytiques permettant d’appréhender le comportement dynamique de la fréquence et des puissances actives transitant sur un microréseau, quelle que soit la topologie de ce dernier, afin de constituer une aide au dimensionnement. À cet objectif global s’ajoute un certain nombre de sous-objectifs qui structurent et guident l’ensemble des travaux :- Un objectif pédagogique : les couplages entre l’équilibre des puissances actives et la fréquence sur un réseau alternatif sont clairement explicités, que ces couplages relèvent de la structure et des paramètres physiques du microréseau ou qu’ils soient liés aux lois et paramètres de commande. La lecture des modèles doit ainsi permettre de comprendre analytiquement les différents liens de cause à effet entre les paramètres du système, la fréquence et les puissances,et les spécificités propres à chaque topologie de microréseau.- Un objectif de simplicité et de modularité : les modèles proposés doivent pouvoir être adaptés selon les cas particuliers de topologies, afin que tout lecteur puisse les réutiliser facilement en dehors du cadre de cette étude. Pour ce faire, ces travaux utilisent des modèles mathématiques sous forme de schémas blocs, intégrables sous Matlab.- Enfin, un objectif de modélisation « grand signal » : pour trancher avec l’approche petit signal de beaucoup de modélisations de microréseaux classiques, et pour permettre d’appréhender le comportement du microréseau sur une large plage de déséquilibre de puissance / The quality of an electricity grid is measured by its resilience, namely its ability to continue to provide electricity despite the incidents. This continuity of supply is ensured by the frequency control, acting as a means of cooperation between the different sources of the grid. This thesis examines in depth the different ways to ensure this frequency control on stand-alone microgrids with regard to new issues: increasing integration of intermittent energy sources and decreasing (or disappearing) of the synchronous rotating groups with their inertia. The main objective is to propose a set of analytical models explaining the dynamic behavior of the frequency and the active powers transiting on a microgrid, whatever the topology, in order to constitute an aid to the sizing. To this overall objective is added a number of sub-objectives that structure and guide this work:- An educational objective: the nature of the link between the balance of active powers and the frequency on an AC microgrid is clearly explained, whether this link is based on physical parameters or is related to control laws. The goal is to understand the different links of cause and effect between the paramers of the system, the frequency and the active power and thespecificities to each topology of microgrid. - An objective of simplicity and modularity: the models proposed must be adaptable to particular cases, so that any reader can reuse easily outside the scope of this study. To do this, mathematical models in the form of block diagrams which can be integrated in Matlab are used. - Finally, a "big signal" simulation objective: to decide with the small signal approach of many traditional microgrid models, and to make it possible to understand the behavior of the microgrid over a wide range of power imbalance.

LHCB est une expérience dédiée à l'étude de la violation CP dans le domaine des mésons B et de leur désintégration rares. Lors du démarrage du LHC, une des premières actions sera de vérifier que l'appareillage a les performances attendues. Cette thèse se place dan sle contexte des premières mesures de l'expérience LHCb pour deux sujets traités : la reconstruction des photons par le calorimètre électromagnétique dans différentes configurations expérimentales et la calibration du calorimètre électromagnétique. Dans ce but une identification des photons `partir de l'ensemble des informations du SPD, PS, ECAL et HCAL est dévellopée basée sur un méthode discriminante de Fisher. Ces photons reconstruits sont utilisés dans la reconstruction des Pi0 dont les spectres mesureront dès le début des prises de données le niveau de calibration du calorimètre. Pour calibrer chaque cellule du calorimètre électromagnétique la contrainte sur la masse des Pi0 reconstruits est utilisée. Une calibration à 1% est possible pour une dé-calibration allant jusqu'à 30% en une dizaine d'heures de prise de données à la luminosité nominale. Deux canaux de physique, ou la calibration du calorimètre et la reconstruction des mésons neutres se désintégrant en paire de photons sont les points clefs sont étudiés. Le canal Bd->J/PsiPi0 mesure de l'angle Beta du triangle CKM, les graphes qui y contribuent peuvent être sensible à de la physique au delà du Modèle Standard. Le canal Bs->J/PSiEta mesure l'angle Chi, domaine spécifique de LHCb. La sensibilité pour a mesure des ces deux angles est estimée.

The overall aim of this thesis was to describe how people with very severe obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) experienced their every day lives and created meaning, with focus on end-of-life. A second aim was to describe how death and dying can be viewed from the perspective of relatives to people with COPD. In study I, eight patients were interviewed about how COPD affected their everyday lives. A phenomenological method was used. In study II, four people with COPD who lived alone were interviewed over time, to illuminate how the illness influenced their everyday life and their existential thoughts about life and death. In study III, four couples of whom one partner in each couple had COPD were interviewed several times to illuminate the affect the illness had on the spousal relationship, their self-expressed needs, and their existential thoughts, from the perspective of two people living together. A phenomenological-hermeneutic method was used for the analyses in studies IIand III. Study IV aimed at studying patients’ last six months of life with focuson dying and death, and in this study content analysis was used.The studies (I-IV) revealed that suffering from very severe COPD can be a daily struggle to survive as well as to maintain the self-image. The studies also explicate experiences of a shrinking life space, and questions of meaning were being challenged (I). Study II showed that living alone provided feelings of independency. However the bodily losses reminded the patients’ about death and raised fears about death of being painful, as they did not want to face death alone. For the couples in study III living with COPD meant living in a changed pace with uncertainty, changed intimate relationship and finding new ways of living together. Study IV outlined the trajectory of illness to be irregular and characterized by periods of sudden deterioration, making it difficult to plan for the future. Death was experienced as an unexpected experience and was described by all as peaceful. The results in this thesis have outlined important insight into the existential challenges of living with COPD as experienced by the ill persons themselves and their next of relatives. / Birgitta Andershed is also affiliated to Enheten för forskning i palliativ vård, Ersta Sköndal Högskola, Stockholm och Institutionen för omvårdnad, Gjøvik universitet, Norge.Eva Sahlberg-Blom is also affiliated to Enheten för forskning i palliativ vård, Ersta Sköndal Högskola, Stockholm

Στην περιγραφόμενη διπλωματική εργασία μελετώνται τα αυτόνομα φωτοβολταϊκά συστήματα και γίνεται η μελέτη για την τροφοδότηση μιας αγροικίας στην περιοχή της Πάτρας. Τέτοια συστήματα αποτελούνται από φωτοβολταϊκά πλαίσια, συσσωρευτές και ηλεκτρονικές διατάξεις. Τα πλαίσια είναι αυτά που συλλέγουν την ηλιακή ακτινοβολία και μέσω ενός μηχανισμού, που λέγεται φωτοβολταϊκό φαινόμενο, την μετατρέπουν σε ηλεκτρική ενέργεια. Οι συσσωρευτές αποθηκεύουν ηλεκτρική ενέργεια, την οποία εκμεταλλευόμαστε όταν η ζήτηση είναι μεγαλύτερη από την παραγωγή. Οι ηλεκτρονικές διατάξεις, δηλαδή ο μετατροπέας τάσης και ο ελεγκτής φόρτισης, ευθύνονται για την μετατροπή της συνεχούς ισχύος σε εναλλασσόμενη καθώς, επίσης, και για την ομαλή λειτουργία του συστήματος. Αφού γίνει παρουσίαση όλης της θεωρίας και των μαθηματικών τύπων που απαιτούνται, γίνεται εφαρμογή τους μέσω του σχεδιασμού του κατάλληλου φωτοβολταϊκού συστήματος για την τροφοδότηση της αγροικίας. / The subject of this diploma thesis is the study of stand-alone photovoltaic systems. Such systems include photovoltaic modules, batteries, inverters and charge controllers as well. The photovoltaic modules collect solar energy and transform it into electrical energy via a mechanism that is called photovoltaic effect. Batteries storage electrical energy and are used when the electrical demand is greater than the energy generated by the modules. Inverters are used to convert DC power into AC power and charge controllers connect or disconnect the batteries from the system, as needed. After presenting the theory data required, a stand-alone photovoltaic system is designed so as to supply a country house.

This study is focused on getting a deeper understanding of the access unaccompanied refugee youth have to integration. Thesis will examine what fosters and what hinders minors’ integration. Research is based on a qualitative field study carried out in Southern and Western Sweden. 36 semi–structured interviews were conducted with current and grown-up alone coming refugee minors; houses managers and social workers; local authorities’ representatives and decision makers; Migration Board employees.The (Dis)Empowerment model by Friedmann will be applied to analyse collected information. Thus, this thesis examines youth perspectives on their economic, social, cultural and political integration by connecting their experiences of life in Sweden to eight bases of social power, which (dis)empower them.The study shows that youth are willing to integrate into society, and to some extent they have access to integration. However, the research argues that minors’ access to bases of social power and youth’s usage of them is unbalanced and inconsistent. Interviewed youth have sufficient access to defensible life space, instruments of work and livelihood, and surplus time. Thus, they have capabilities to perform their life functions. On the other hand, youth have limited access and capabilities to the bases of social organizations and networks, financial resources, knowledge and skills, as well as unbalanced access to information and public policy action. This hinders youth economic, social, cultural and political integration. Moreover, these major obstacles are being reinforced by discrimination within the host society. / Denna studie är inriktad på att få en djupare förståelse för ensamkommande flyktingungdomars chanser till integration. Avhandlingen kommer att undersöka likväl faktorer som främjar som hindrar minderårigas integration. Forskningen bygger på en kvalitativ fältstudie utförd i södra och västra Sverige. Trettiosex semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes med nuvarande och vuxna ensamkommande flyktingbarn, HVB chefer och handläggare, kommunernas representanter och beslutsfattare samt Migrationsverkets anställda. Modellen ”(Dis)Empowerment” av John Friedmann kommer att tillämpas för att analysera insamlade uppgifter. Således undersöker denna avhandling ungdomarnas perspektiv på sin ekonomiska, sociala, kulturella och politiska integration genom att jämföra sina erfarenheter av livet i Sverige till åtta baser av social makt, formulerade av John Friedmann.  Studien visar att ungdomar är villiga att integreras i samhället, samt att de i viss mån har tillgång till integration. Men samtidigt hävdar denna undersökning att ungdomarnas tillgång till baser av social makt samt användning av dem är obalanserad och inkonsekvent. De intervjuade ungdomarna har tillräcklig tillgång till ”defensible life space”, instrument för arbete och försörjning, samt fritid (överskottstid). Således har de förmåga att utföra sina så kallade livsfunktioner. Å andra sidan, så visar undersökningen också att ungdomarna har begränsad tillgång till samt kunskap om grunderna för sociala organisationer och nätverk, finansiella resurser, kunskap och färdigheter, samt obalanserad tillgång till information och allmänhetens politiska åtgärder. Detta hindrar ungdomarnas ekonomiska, sociala, kulturella och politiska integration. Dessutom underbyggs och förstärks dessa problem av utbredd diskriminering i värdlandet.

<p>2011-01-14</p>

L’analyse des sites éoliens et des possibilités solaires du Bénin a conduit les travaux vers les systèmes énergétiques, du type photovoltaïque autonome, couplé à des batteries de stockage. Ces systèmes énergétiques appropriés ont été analysés, modélisés et optimisés. Les critères d’optimisation sont issus d’une enquête réalisée au près des responsables qui s’occupent des questions d’électrification en milieu rural, des professionnels sélectionnés qui jouent un rôle majeur dans le processus décisionnel des projets d’électrification en milieu rural, des associations locales qui ont bénéficié de ces projets au Bénin, des techniciens et des usagers de ces systèmes. Ces critères sont hiérarchisés selon la méthode AMDEC. Une méthode d’optimisation adaptée a été réalisée ; elle fait appel à une vision originale de pondération. / The analysis of the wind sites and the solar possibilities of Benin led the works towards the energy systems, of the autonomous photovoltaic type, coupled with batteries of storage. These appropriate energy systems were analyzed, modelled and optimized. The criteria of optimization arise from a survey realized in near the persons in charge who take care of questions of electrification in rural areas, of selected professionals who play a major role in the decision-making of the projects of electrification in rural areas, local associations which benefited from these projects in Benin, from technicians and from users of these systems. These criteria are organized into a hierarchy according to the method AMDEC. A method of adapted optimization was realized; she appeals to an original vision of level-headedness.

This thesis deals with modeling dynamics of printing machine, made by SOMA Engineering, in toolbox SimScape of simulation program Simulink/Matlab. There are descibed properties, progress, important principles and laws of modeling in this toolbox. The first part is focused on creating models, which consist as mechanical as eletrical and control parts. In the second part is explained how to create user interface to control models and creating standalone application, executable without installation of Matlab or Simulink. In last part is explained principle of identification parameters of material from the measured data, using an optimalization algorithm Nelder-Mead. Created models and identification algorithm are controlled via user interface.